基于钻孔数据的三维地质建模与可视化研究

三维地质模型能够完整准确地表达复杂地质现象的边界条件及地质体内含的各种地质构造,直观地再现地质单元的空间展布及其相互关系,最大限度地提高地质分析的直观性和准确性,因此三维地质建模已引起地质、采矿、岩土工程等诸多领域的日益重视。笔者在综合考察多种建模方法的基础上,结合工程实践,提出了一种实用的工程地质三维建模实施方法。该方法以钻孔资料和地质剖面数据为三维地质建模的源数据,允许用户手工修正模型剖面地层分界线,从而实现对建模过程的干预和控制,克服了单纯依靠钻孔数据建模结果不精确且难以修正的问题。最后,通过一个研究实例展示了该方法的实际建模效果。     

A comparative study of geothermal and meteorological records of climate change in Kamchatka

To reconstruct the recent climate history in Kamchatka, a series of repeated precise temperature logs were performed in a number of boreholes located in a broad east-west strip (between 52 and 54°N) in the central part of Kamchatka west of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski. Within three years more than 30 temperature logs were performed in 10 holes (one up to six logs per hole) to the depth of up to 400 metres. Measured temperature gradients varied in a broad interval 0 to 60 mK/m and in some holes a sizeable variation in the subsurface temperatures due to advective heat transport by underground water was observed. Measured data were compared with older temperature profiles obtained in the early eighties by Sugrobov and Yanovsky (1993). Even when older data are of poorer precision (accuracy of about 0.1 K), they presented valuable information of the subsurface temperature conditions existing 20–25 years ago. Borehole observations and the inverted ground surface temperature histories (GSTHs) used for the paleoclimate reconstruction were complemented with a detailed survey of meteorological data. Namely, the long-term surface air temperature (SAT) and precipitation records from Petropavlovsk station (in operation since 1890) were used together with similar data from a number of local subsidiary meteo-stations operating in Central Kamchatka since 1950. Regardless of extreme complexity of the local meteorological/climate conditions, diversity of borehole sites and calibration of measuring devices used during the whole campaign, the results of the climate reconstruction supported a general warming of about 1 K characteristic for the 20th century, which followed an inexpressive cooler period typical for the most of the 19th century. In the last three to four decades the warming rate has been locally increasing up to 0.02 K/year. It was also shown that the snow cover played a dominant role in the penetration of the climate “signal” to depth and could considerably smooth down the subsurface response to the changes occurred on the surface.     

录井校正新方法在东海盆地西湖凹陷的应用

录井检测受井场环境影响较大,主要包括钻井环境与检测环境,钻井环境包括井径、钻时、钻井液排量、是否取心等,检测环境主要是井场自然环境与检测器内部环境。一般情况下检测器内部环境基本一致,而井场自然环境在一定时间内变化不大,故而钻井环境对录井检测的影响较大,钻井环境校正是进行录井解释前的重要工作。常规Tg(全烃含量)校正方法在取心、低异常、多互层等层段使用效果较差,经过分析,将校正方法在取心、钻时、排量、基值方面进行优化,实践验证,新校正方法效果较好,适应了西湖凹陷的地质研究需求。     

Evidence of palaeoseismicity in a flowstone of the Observatoire cave (Monaco)

Abstract

Monaco is a medium seismicity zone. The Observatoire cave, a well decorated show cave, is a good place for palaeoseismicity studies. On the floor of the cave it is possible to observe a great number of collapsed sodastraws. The breakages are attributed to the 1887 Ligurian earthquake. A borehole in a flowstone shows several levels of collapses that may indicate ancient earthquakes. © Elsevier, Paris     

关于JCX 3型井磁仪器及其资料整理

经参加全国危机矿山示范项目的实际工作,认为目前重庆地质仪器厂生产的新型JCX 3井中三分量磁测仪探头倾斜面向北时X读数正值最大,倾斜面向南时X读数负值最大,X分量指向井斜方向。两者在直角坐标系中虽然同样符合左手法则,但新老仪器的井下磁测传感器x、y坐标相差90°。因而,对于当前广泛在用的数十台JCX 3型仪器的测量结果,如果仍然套用建立在垂向系统基础上的矢量计算公式,就会导致应用和解释错误,因此有必要共同探讨。     

旋挖钻进工艺在海相沉积地层中的应用

以潮州电厂基础桩施工为例,对其钻孔设备的特点和施工工艺作了介绍,阐述了旋挖钻机在海相沉积地层中施工灌注桩的工艺方法及其质量控制措施。     

地下深部灰岩岩石特性的单孔雷达反射研究

灰岩中岩溶和裂隙发育规律研究是研究陷落柱发育规律的基础,研究结果表明在单孔雷达反射图像上岩溶和裂隙反映清晰,单孔雷达反射法用于灰岩岩石特性研究效果显著,该研究成果填补了国内灰岩岩石特性的单孔雷达反射研究的空白,为地下深处灰岩岩石特性高分辨率探测开辟了新途径。     

福建省数字化钻孔体应变观测资料质量初步分析

对整个福建省的钻孔体应变仪器运行状况进行了综合评价,并对4个台站的观测资料质量进行了分析,用M2波潮汐因子及其相对中误差等来衡量其总体精度和稳定性,还分析了钻孔应变观测的干扰机理和特征,希望能够正确地认识以及排除观测资料中的非异常信息,提高观测精度,为地震分析预报提供可靠的前兆资料。     

易县地震台四分量钻孔应变观测震前异常特征

通过对河北易县地震台钻孔应变资料进行处理,发现在2014年9月6日涿鹿4.3级和2015年9月14日昌黎4.2级地震前,该台四分量钻孔应变观测到显著前兆异常变化,与2012年5月28日唐山4.8级地震前出现的异常相似度较高,异常形态均表现为"来快去慢",均在极值附近维持数日后,逐渐恢复原值过程中发生地震。     

煤矿井下定向钻孔中电阻率探测技术与应用

受高瓦斯/承压奥灰水威胁的工作面开采前,一般采取定向钻进技术在工作面底板开展压裂或注浆工程保障开采安全。利用底板定向钻孔开展孔中探测工作,可更加精细揭露工作面内隐伏构造,还可实现“一孔多用”。为解决定向钻孔内的探测问题,提出一种在水平定向钻孔中进行直流电阻率法探查的方法。定向钻孔施工完毕后,退出定向钻孔施工的通缆钻杆,送入内平钻杆,将孔中高密度电缆通过钻杆尾端特制水便送入钻孔,使孔中电缆平铺于钻孔中,在定向钻孔水平段,进行孔内直流电阻率法径向探测。在理论上通过数值模拟研究层状介质下单孔测量工作模式的接收信号衰减规律、视电阻率曲线变化特征、顶底板岩性对测量结果的影响等,并采用单孔测量数据对孔旁异常范围进行反演定位。数值模拟研究表明,孔中电阻率探测方法对隐伏的异常体有良好的探测效果。通过在陕西韩城某矿井下实际煤层底板探测试验,对研究区2个定向抽采钻孔孔中探测数据进行处理,反演结果异常区与工作面内隐伏小断层位置吻合,验证了定向钻孔中电缆布置的可行性和定向钻孔内通过孔内径向和孔间透视探测隐伏构造的可靠性。