基于组件技术的地质剖面图自动绘制

绘制地质剖面图是地质工作中的一项重要内容,研究了钻孔属性数据库的特点,利用Surfer绘制钻孔每一层等值线的基础上并在VisualBasic环境下,通过对GeoMap控件的二次开发,而在GeoMap控件中绘制任意两点的断面图,结合钻孔的层编号绘制出每一层断面的封闭区域,最后对该封闭区域进行填充,结果表明该方法是一种实用、高效的绘制方法。     

横波测井技术在海洋工程中的应用

单孔波速测试的传统做法是在地面激振,在孔中接收,但该方法测试深度受限,测试精度较低,且对于海上钻孔来说,根本无法实现激振,故对于海洋工程钻孔的波速测试,则需要新技术来实现横波波速的获取.笔者介绍的悬挂式波速测井法将震源和检波器同时放入井孔中,摆脱了笨重的地面敲击震源,实现了波速测井设备的轻便化,由相距1 m的两个检波器接收S波的传播信号,为一发双收装置,利用传感器接收到震源传来的S波信号到达时间(初至)差,来确定钻孔所在处地层波速的一种新技术.该方法在南堡油田平台场址调查中发挥了重要作用,对120 m深的钻孔进行了横波测井,取得了良好的测试成果,为该工程项目提供了准确的剪切波速,为划分该场址的场地土类别发挥了重要作用.     

杭州湾跨海大桥对钱塘江河口水流的影响

通过河工模型试验,研究建设在潮汐河口的特大型桥梁——杭州湾跨海大桥对水环境产生的影响。杭州湾跨海大桥河工模型上边界选在老盐仓,下边界定在金山,平面比尺为1000,铅直比尺为100,模拟总水域面积约2200km2;模型运用2000年9月杭州湾实测水下地形及大范围同步水文测验资料进行了验证,其精度较高。在此基础上,结合实测资料分析,运用定床模型试验对杭州湾跨海大桥建成后附近水域流态的变化及对钱塘江涌潮、上游行洪等的影响进行了分析和预测。建桥前后潮位、流速流向、潮流量以及涌潮高度等试验数据的变化表明,杭州湾跨海大桥建成后对钱塘江河口水流的影响主要在桥位近区,对涌潮、上游行洪基本没有影响。     

Internal tidal bore warm fronts and settlement of invertebrates in central Chile

We studied the occurrence of large high frequency temperature fluctuations and their potential association with settlement of intertidal invertebrates during the spring/summer period 1999/2000 at Las Cruces, on the coast of central Chile. Our results showed the existence of internal tidal bores, characterized by sharp drops in water temperature at the surface and near the bottom, and subsequent temperature increases, which occurred with a semidiurnal periodicity. Measured currents support the hypothesis of alternating onshore and offshore movement of warm-water fronts. The frequency of the events varied through the summer and their amplitude seems to be modulated by onshore winds. The strongest events were observed when strong onshore winds occurred in late afternoon hours and the entire water column showed a semidiurnal temperature signal. Highest values of chlorophyll concentration in the intertidal zone and daily settlement of bivalves, gastropods and crustaceans were observed at times when conditions were favorable for occurrence of internal tidal bores. Results suggest that internal tidal bore warm fronts could play an important role in the transport of neustonic larval invertebrates and the delivery of phytoplankton to at least some intertidal sites along the coast of Chile.     

大宝山复杂钼矿地层钻孔堵漏技术研究与应用

钻孔漏失是钻进过程中经常碰到的问题。大宝山钼矿区地层条件复杂,多以软硬夹层和岩石裂隙为主,地下水丰富,局部漏失比较明显。为了解决该区域地层钻孔的漏失问题,笔者在分析地层及现场工艺条件后,提出并设计了脲醛树脂水泥球堵漏方案。经室内评价性实验,确定了以水泥、脲醛树脂、酒石酸等为主要原料的现场堵漏配方,该方案初凝和终凝时间比较短,操作过程比较简单,水泥球在酸性条件下能够保持自身的稳定,减少浸泡条件下堵漏材料的分解,配比材料经济。通过现场漏失钻孔段的实际堵漏验证,该方案可以有效解决大量漏失的问题,减少了辅助作业的时间,降低了工程成本。     

油田定向井井身轨迹选择

论述了定向井井身轨迹设计及优化的技术要点，介绍了笔者在陕北油田勘探实践中的应用实例。     

钻进时同步显示钻孔地层柱状图技术探讨

探讨了钻进时同步显示钻孔地层柱状图技术研究的意义，提出了用人工神经网络理论来解决地层识别的方法，开发了一套识别软件并用实际钻探资料进行了验证。     

Boron and Oxygen Isotope Composition of Certified Reference Materials NIST SRM 610/612 and Reference Materials JB-2 and JR-2

We present data on the concentration, the isotope composition and the homogeneity of boron in NIST silicate glass reference materials SRM 610 and SRM 612, and in powders and glasses of geological reference materials JB-2 (basalt) and JR-2 (rhyolite). Our data are intended to serve as references for both microanalytical and wet-chemical techniques. The δ¹¹ B compositions determined by N-TIMS and P-TIMS agree within 0.5% and compare with SIMS data within 2.5%. SIMS profiles demonstrate boron isotope homogeneity to better than δ¹¹ B = 2% for both NIST glasses, however a slight boron depletion was detected towards the outermost 200 μm of the rim of each sample wafer. The boron isotope compositions of SRM 610 and SRM 612 were indistinguishable. Glasses produced in this study by fusing JB-2 and JR-2 powder also showed good boron isotope homogeneity, both within and between different glass fragments. Their major element abundance as well as boron isotope compositions and concentrations were identical to those of the starting composition. Hence, reference materials (glasses) for the in situ measurement of boron isotopes can be produced from already well-studied volcanic samples without significant isotope fractionation. Oxygen isotope ratios, both within and between wafers, of NIST reference glasses SRM 610 and SRM 612 are uniform. In contrast to boron, significant differences in oxygen isotope compositions were found between the two glasses, which may be due to the different amounts of trace element oxides added at ten-fold different concentration levels to the silicate matrix.     

苍山5.2MS级地震应力应变异常特性

分析了１９９５年９月２０日山东苍山５．２级地震前,距震中≤２５０ｋｍ范围内,钻孔应力应变台网的异常显示特征。探讨了该次地震前的短临异常特性及其与发震构造体系的关系,并对台网内无异常显示的台站进行客观分析。     

井眼附近地应力分布的三维数值模拟

该文研究的井眼附近地应力分布包括了钻井前、后两种截然不同的应力状态。以大庆外围某油田为例,用三维有限单元方法,施以适当的边界力,模拟计算出原地应力场,即钻井前地应力分布特征,其大小、方向均与中国东部实测应力场一致。在此基础上,根据井径a与井心距r同比例放大或缩小时应力计算结果不变的规律,采取了扩大井口半径的手段,计算钻井后井口附近的应力场变化特征,其规律与观测到的井眼崩落结果十分一致。