一种基于无人机位姿信息的航拍图像拼接方法

针对现有航拍图像拼接方法处理速度较慢的问题,提出一种基于无人机位姿信息的快速拼接方法。首先从机载GPS和惯性导航单元获得无人机航拍时的坐标和姿态角,根据每一幅航拍图像对应的无人机坐标和姿态角计算它们之间的单应变换矩阵,实现航拍图像之间的快速配准。然后通过单应变换矩阵的运算得到拼接图像之间的配准,最后完成多幅图像的拼接得到整个区域的全景图。试验结果证明该方法快速有效。     

群组目标空间方向关系形式化描述模型

针对目前群组目标空间方向关系模型在描述方向关系方面存在的不精确及复杂性等问题,该文提出一种形式化描述模型。该模型采用"剥皮"法计算得到源目标群的边界多边形,较好地顾及了空间形状及分布范围对方向关系的影响;并通过方向关系矩阵模型计算源目标群的边界多边形与各方向区域之间的交,借助矩阵形式化描述源目标群相对于参考目标群的空间方向关系。实验结果表明,该模型较好地克服了现有方法中存在的缺陷,能够准确判断地理空间中两个群组目标之间的空间方向关系。     

Relation Matrix of Water Exchange for Sea Bays and Its Application

1 .IntroductionWater exchange of sea bays is a basic issue for marine environment study. Water exchange be-tween a coastal area andthe outside area dueto advection and diffusionis animportant waytoimprovethe water qualityinthe coastal area . Withthe rapid…     

基于经验模式分解的希尔伯特变换包络提取在机械故障诊断中的应用

本文采用经验模式分解 (EMD)提取信号的内在模函数 (IMF) ,并利用希尔伯特变换对所得IMF进行包络分析 ,提取机械故障特征。与直接对原信号进行包络分析相比较 ,该方法提取的机械故障特征更明显。数值模拟和对故障轴承振动信号分析表明了该方法的有效性。     

An investigation of the multi-scale temporal variability of beach profiles at Duck using wavelet packet transforms

In an earlier paper a particular discrete wavelet transform (DWT) was used to study the complex variation of beach profile changes. However, use of the DWT requires that the sequence of spatial and temporal resolution is fixed as a dyadic sequence, which means that the variability over longer intervals is not characterised well. Here we introduce the discrete wavelet packet transform (DWPT) that uses an adaptive scaling to partition the data variance, according to an entropy cost function. The advantages of this approach are demonstrated by its application to the study of temporal variability of a 22 year record of beach profile data from the Field Research Facility (FRF) at Duck, North Carolina, USA. Time series of beach elevations at three locations across a particular profile are investigated in detail. We conclude that the DWPT provides a superior analysis of non-stationary time series to that of the DWT, with improved resolution of the scale intervals of the variability. The beach elevation around the shoreline is shown to respond at both sub-annual and interannual scales, but variability at an annual scale is weak. Moving seaward into deeper water, the variance is partitioned into fewer and longer scales. It is confirmed that elevation changes around the inner bar at Duck exhibit a strong interannual variation consistent with Plant et al. (Plant, N.G., Holman, R.A. and Freilich, M.H., 1999. A simple model for interannual sandbar behaviour. Journal of Geophysical Research 104(C7), 15755–15776). Around 23% of the variance around the inner bar is explained at the temporal scale of 64–128 months, which is consistent with the bar behaviour of 6 years found by Ruessink et al. (Ruessink, B. G., Wijnberg, K. M., Holman, R. A., Kuriyama, Y. and Van Enckevort, I. M. J., 2003. Intersite comparison of interannual nearshore bar behaviour. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108 (C8): 1–12). A significant new finding is, however, that about 26% of the variance is attributable to temporal scales of 16–21.3 months. Reconstruction of the wavelet packet components for individual temporal scales is shown to provide a means for identifying the impact and scale of non-stationary events, such as storms, on the beach response. This provides further information that can be used to interpret the morphological changes in terms of the forcing processes and also serves to inform morphodynamic modelling.     

大洋Rossby波动纬向传播速度的分布特征

利用1992年10月22日-2001年7月17日扣除年循环的T／P和ERS-1／-2的卫星融合高度计资料，应用二维Radon变换方法，对太平洋和大西洋的洋盆东部、西部的大洋Rossby波的纬向传播速度进行了分析与对比，并将二者分别与经典线性理论值比较，得出洋盆西部的Rossby波普遍比洋盆东部传播要快；中纬度海域大洋Rossby波的传播速度观测值与理论值的比率小于前人结果；并且在热带及副热带海域，大洋Rossby波的传播速度的观测值要低于理论值的结论。     

Thermal evolution of the western Svalbard margin

The northern Norwegian-Greenland Sea opened up as the Knipovich Ridge propagated from the south into the ancient continental Spitsbergen Shear Zone. Heat flow data suggest that magma was first intruded at a latitude of 75° N around 60 m.y.b.p. By 40–50 m.y.b.p. oceanic crust was forming at a latitude of 78° N. At 12 m.y.b.p. the Hovgård Transform Fault was deactivated during a northwards propagation of the Knipovich Ridge. Spreading is now in its nascent stages along the Molloy Ridge within the trough of the Spitsbergen Fracture Zone. Spreading rates are slower in the north than the south. For the Knipovich Ridge at 78° N they range from 1.5–2.3 mm yr^-1 on the eastern flank to 1.9–3.1 mm yr^-1 on the western flank. At a latitude of 75° N spreading rates increase to 4.3–4.9 mm yr^-1.Thermal profiles reveal regions of off-axial high heat flow. They are located at ages of 14 m.y. west and 13 m.y. east of the northern Knipovich Ridge, and at 36 m.y. on the eastern flank of the southern Knipovich Ridge. These may correspond to episodes of increased magmatic activity; which may be related to times of rapid north-wards rise axis propagation.The fact that the Norwegian-Greenland Sea is almost void of magnetic anomalies may be caused by the chaotic extrusion of basalts from a spreading center trapped within the confines of an ancient continental shear zone. The oblique impact of the propagating rift with the ancient shear zone may have created an unstable state of stress in the region. If so, extension took place preferentially to the northwest, while compression occurred to the southeast between the opening, leaking shear zone and the Svalbard margin. This caused faster spreading rates to the northwest than to the southeast.     

An identification of wave propagation based on a single-point measurement

This study presents the identification of wave propagation using the information measured at a fixed point. The mathematical model used to carry out this research is an integral equation. The equation turned out to be a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind. The discretized matrix equation yielded an ill-conditioned system. To secure the stability of the system, Tikhonov regularization was applied to the ill-conditioned system. The analysis of the numerical computation proved that the regularization was able to retain the target spectrum.     

Merged GLORIA sidescan and Hydrosweep pseudo-sidescan: Processing and creation of digital mosaics

We have replaced the usual band of poor-quality data in the near-nadir region of our GLORIA long-range sidescan-sonar imagery with a shaded-relief image constructed from swath bathymetry data (collected simultaneously with GLORIA) which completely cover the nadir area. We have developed a technique to enhance these pseudo-sidescan images in order to mimic the neighbouring GLORIA backscatter intensities. As a result, the enhanced images greatly facilitate the geologic interpretation of the adjacent GLORIA data, and geologic features evident in the GLORIA data may be correlated with greater confidence across track. Features interpreted from the pseudo-sidescan may be extrapolated from the near-nadir region out into the GLORIA range where they may nt have been recognized otherwise, and therefore the pseudo-sidescan can be used to ground-truth GLORIA interpretations. Creation of digital sidescan mosaics utilized an approach not previously used for GLORIA data. Pixels were correctly placed in cartographic space and the time required to complete a final mosaic was significantly reduced. Computer software for digital mapping and mosaic creation is incorporated into the newly-developed Woods Hole Image Processing System (WHIPS) which can process both low- and high-frequency sidescan, and can interchange data with the Mini Image Processing System (MIPS) most commonly used for GLORIA processing. These techniques are tested by creating digital mosaics of merged GLORIA sidescan and Hydrosweep pseudo-sidescan data from the vicinity of the Juan Fernandez microplate along the East Pacific Rise (EPR).     

平均场分解初探

本文探讨了经验正交分解的基本原理,对两种平均场分解方法进行了比较,结果表明,利用距平场分解得到的特征向量作为基底分解平均场是可行的,文中给出的实例清楚地显示出几个主要影响因子的分布特征。 文中还讨论了几个与经验正交分解法的有效性有关的理论问题,并定义了两种关系矩阵,通过分析它们之间的关系,间接地导出了时空转换公式。