重复航空摄影测量方法在乌鲁木齐河流域冰川变化监测中的应用

介绍重复航空摄影测量对比成图方法在监测乌鲁木齐河流域冰川规模和形态要素变化中的应用，以及成图过程中对控制加密和精度等问题的处理。检验表明，航空摄影测量对比成图方法能较准确地量测冰川长度、面积和储量等全形态要素的变化量，可以用于区域冰川变化的监测研究。测量资料表明，１９６４～１９９２年间，乌鲁木齐河流域１５５条冰川的规模均在缩小，冰川末端平均后退率为１２．４％，面积平均缩小率为１３．８％，冰储量减少１５．５％。     

SH波对无限介质土中衬砌结构的动应力集中

运用复变函数法和保角映射法对无限介质土中的衬砌结构进行分析.通过引入两个势函数将弹性介质的控制方程解耦成两个Helmholtz方程.利用所得势函数的通解,得到无限土介质和衬砌结构的位移和应力的表达式,利用无限介质与衬砌结构之间的连续性条件和衬砌结构内边界上的边界条件,可确定波函数展开式中的末知系数,并给出动应力集中系数的数值结果.     

Application of Remote Sensing in Flood Management with Special Reference to Monsoon Asia: A Review

The conventional means to record hydrological parameters of aflood often fail to record an extreme event. Remote sensingtechnology along with geographic information system (GIS)has become the key tool for flood monitoring in recent years.Development in this field has evolved from optical to radarremote sensing, which has provided all weather capabilitycompared to the optical sensors for the purpose of flood mapping.The central focus in this field revolves around delineation of floodzones and preparation of flood hazard maps for the vulnerable areas.In this exercise flood depth is considered crucial for flood hazardmapping and a digital elevation model (DEM) is considered to bethe most effective means to estimate flood depth from remotelysensed or hydrological data. In a flat terrain accuracy of floodestimation depends primarily on the resolution of the DEM. Riverflooding in the developing countries of monsoon Asia is very acutebecause of their heavy dependence on agriculture but any floodestimation or hazard mapping attempt in this region is handicappedby poor availability of high resolution DEMs. This paper presents areview of application of remote sensing and GIS in flood managementwith particular focus on the developing countries of Asia.     

Wavelet analysis and interpretation of gravity data in Sichuan-Yunnan region, China

Introduction Sichuan-Yunnan region, located in the east margin of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetean) Plateau, is a transitional zone between the rapidly upheaving Tibetean Plateau and relatively steady Yangtze Platform. Under the pressure exerted by the northward movement of Indian Plate, Sichuan-Yunnan region has been undergone strong deformation and regmagenesis, becoming one of the regions with the most intensive seismicity in the world. The research on the tectonics and seismicity there is alw…     

地震波有限差分数值模拟框架下的起伏地表处理方法综述

本文查阅了近30年来国内外关于有限差分方法模拟近地表复杂介质方面的文献,分析了在有限差分法框架下复杂地表地形起伏问题的处理及实现方法.总结了地震波有限差分数值模拟方面的成果.复杂地表类型很多,对地震资料的影响程度也不尽相同,要想完全描述近地表影响因素是不可能的,而关键的问题就是自由边界条件方程的处理.所有处理及实现方法中不外两种:直接法(局部)和间接(全局)法.文中列出的方法,各有特点.我们的目的是寻找合适的方法解决适合的问题.     

崎岖地形动植物栖息地生态环境遥感制图与应用

传统制图方法周期长、成本较高,影响了大面积精细动植物栖息地生态环境制图的生产。鉴此,本文采用IKONOS(VHR)图像对香港郊野公园崎岖地形的动植物栖息地生态环境制图进行了研究。由于香港植被的多样性,而且观察的动植物相互作用出现于结构的层面,所以对动植物栖息地的分类应以结构为基础而非以植物为基础。本文利用图像处理技术,运用决策树之多层次地物导向分割分类(MOOSC)方法绘制九种动植物栖息地类型图。MOOSC方法和其他现有的几种分类方法相比,其分类精度高、成本低。     

汶川Ms 8.0地震地表破裂带白沙河段破裂及其位移特征

2008年5月12日14时28分,四川省汶川县发生MS8.0特大地震。这次地震在地表形成2条地表破裂带,主破裂沿龙门山中央断裂发育,长约240km;次级破裂沿龙门山前山断裂发育,长约72km。白沙河破裂带位于中央主破裂带的南端,沿都江堰市北约11km的白沙河河谷展布,长14km。该破裂带几何结构复杂,多条短小破裂或斜列或平行或斜交组成破裂带,总体走向N50°E,但几乎每条次级小破裂走向都不与平均走向一致,在0°~90°之间变化。同震位移沿该破裂带也同样表现出复杂性和多样性,总体以NW盘逆冲为主,最大垂直位移为6.5m,局部存在反冲断层挠曲坎;走向滑动以右旋为主,最大水平位移为4.8m,局部存在左旋位移,而且同震位移分布特征与白沙河破裂带的几何展布特征密切相关。该破裂带北段出露的地表断层产状为40°/NW∠76°,其上的擦痕有2组,侧伏角分别为75°SW和80°SW,不仅反映了该次地震在此段以逆冲运动为主,兼有少量的右旋走滑分量,还反映了该次特大地震包括了2次破裂事件。分析破裂几何和同震位移分布特征得出如下认识:1)破裂面从震源深度的低角度逐渐向地表转化为高角度,迫使垂直断层走向的水平缩短转化为隆起的垂直位移     

Integration of ASTER and landsat TM remote sensing data for chromite prospecting and lithological mapping in Neyriz ophiolite zone,south Iran

Chromite deposits in Iran are located in the ophiolite complexes, which have mostly podiform types and irregular in their settings. Exploration for podiform chromite deposits associated with ophiolite complexes has been a challenge for the prospectors due to tectonic disturbance and their distribution patterns. Most of Iranian ophiolitic zones are located in mountainous and inaccessible regions. Remote sensing approach could be applicable tool for choromite prospecting in Iranian ophiolitic zones with intensely rugged topography, where systematic sampling and conventional geological mapping are limited. In this study, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite data were used for chromite prospecting and lithological mapping in the Neyriz ophiolitic zone in the south of Iran. Image transformation techniques, namely decorrelation stretch, band ratio and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to Landsat TM and ASTER data sets for lithological mapping at regional scale. The RGB decorrelated image of Landsat TM spectral bands 7, 5, and 4, and the principal components PC1, PC2 and PC3 image of ASTER SWIR spectral bands efficiently showed the occurrence of major lithological units in the study area at regional scale. The band ratios of 5/3, 5/1, 7/5 applied on ASTER VNIR‐SWIR bands were very useful for discriminating most of rock units in the study area and delineation of the transition zone and mantle harzburgite in the Neyriz ophiolitic complex. Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) technique was implemented to ASTER VNIR‐SWIR spectral bands for detecting minerals of rock units and especially delineation of the transition zone and mantle harzburgite as potential zones with high chromite mineralization in the Neyriz ophiolitic complex. The integration of information extracted from the image processing algorithms used in this study mapped most of lithological units of the Neyriz ophiolitic complex and identified potential areas of high chromite mineralization (transition zone and mantle harzburgite) for chromite prospecting targets in the future. Furthermore, image processing results were verified by comprehensive fieldwork and laboratory analysis in the study area. Accordingly, result of this investigation indicate that the integration of information extracted from the image processing algorithms using Landsat TM and ASTER data sets could be broadly applicable tool for chromite prospecting and lithological mapping in mountainous and inaccessible regions such Iranian ophiolitic zones.     

甘肃1∶20万区域化探扫面分析技术回顾

本文在回顾和总结我省1∶20万区域化探扫面分析技术和成果的基础上,从化探分析方法研究、微痕量元素分析技术进展和技术推广应用3个方面对其分析技术和应用成果进行了介绍和评述。同时,对化探分析中存在的问题及今后的研究方向进行了简述。对指导我省乃至全国地球化学样品分析方法和微痕量元素分析技术及其应用具有重要的现实意义和实用价值。