适用于三维隐式叠前深度偏移中矩阵求逆的混合算法

在深度偏移方法中，把二维隐式方法推广到三维，就会面对一个分块对角矩阵求逆问题. 通常，这种矩阵的求逆将耗费大量计算时间，严重制约了三维隐式方法偏移在实际资料处理中的广泛应用. 在螺旋边界条件下，该矩阵H具有Toeplitz结构的正定厄密矩阵，其快速求逆可由谱法LU分解或直解法快速实现. 本文结合谱法LU分解和直接解法方法的优点，提出了一种混合算法. 文中采用谱分解方法建立起矩阵列元素的谱分解表，并采用直解法的递推公式，可以快速给出矩阵的分解. 通过与谱法分解和直解法在分解精度和分解速度两方面的比较表明，本文方法与谱法相比，在非均匀介质中亥姆霍兹算子矩阵分解时的精度提高10倍；在计算速度方面，混合方法比简化后的直解法快. 因此，该方法的提出，在计算精度许可的条件下，最大限度地减少三维隐式差分偏移中矩阵求逆占用的时间，从而使得该方法能真正用于实际地震资料的处理.     

叠前地震数据的平面波深度偏移法

提出了一套基于平面波分解的波动方程叠前地震数据深度偏移方法. 通过对共炮点道集和共偏移距道集地震数据的平面波分解，分别得到适用于单平方根波场外推方程和双平方根波场外推方程的共ps（炮点坐标平面波参数）平面波道集和共ph（偏移距坐标平面波参数）平面波道集. 在对共炮点道集和共偏移距道集地震数据的平面波分解时，不需要进行通常意义下的τ p变换计算. 通过对共ps平面波道集和共ph平面波道集的偏移效果对比，我们认为在速度弱横向变化介质中，两种平面波道集偏移方法的效果相当，但对于速度强横向变化介质，共ps平面波道集偏移方法的效果要优于共ph平面波道集偏移方法. 在计算效率方面，共ps平面波道集偏移方法与共ph平面波道集偏移方法基本相同.     

广西春播期降水与北太平洋海温耦合特征分析

运用奇异值方法 (SVD)对北太平洋前期海温场与广西 2～ 3及 4月降水进行分解 ,分析二者的耦合关系和变化特征 ,得出影响降水空间分布的关键区域。在此基础上 ,对 2 0 0 1年 2 - 4月降水进行试报 ,效果较好     

基于畸变3个因子的MT畸变曲线改正方法与应用

大地电磁测深(MT)曲线畸变是一个普遍存在的现象.文章在总结前人研究的基础上,采用只求取畸变3个因子的方法,就可得到区域阻抗;避免了GB分解方法的一些问题:1)求解参数多;2)需要对求解参数作限制;3)观测误差影响反演结果;4)在有些情况下,不易求解;5)损失三维电性信息.经实测数据的计算,该方法被证实是有效的.     

CO2 efflux from different forest soils and impact factors in Dinghu Mountain, China

CO2 fluxes from soils and related environmental factors were measured in three forest ecosystems of Dinghu Mountain using static chamber-gas chromatograph technique for one year. The seasonal pattern of CO2 flux, contribution of litter on total CO2 flux and the correlations of CO2 flux with soil temperature and soil water content were examined for each type of forest. The results were given as followings: (1) The seasonal patterns of CO2 flux from soil of the three types of forest were similar, with a higher CO2 flux in rainy season than in dry season. The comparative relations of mean annual CO2 fluxes between the three sites were expressed as:monsoon forest ＞ mixed forest ＞ pine forest. (2) CO2 fluxes from litter decomposition in monsoon forest, mixed forest and pine forest accounted for 24.43%, 41.75% and 29.23% of the corresponding total CO2 fluxes from forest floor, respectively. (3) Significant relationships were found between CO2 fluxes and soil temperatures at 5 cm depth for the three types of forest, which could be best described by exponential equations. The calculated Q10 values based on soil temperature at 5 cm depth ranged from 1.86 to 3.24. More significant relationships were found between CO2 fluxes and soil water content when the annual variation coefficients of soil moisture were higher.     

基于GIS的磁测信号奇异值分解应用研究

本介绍了奇号异值分解的原理．采用混合编程的方式．实现了奇异值分解程序与GIS平台的无缝集成；结合鄂尔多斯盆地某地区铀资源勘查项目．基于GIS平台把磁测数据作为二维实矩阵进行奇异值分解。通过对不同奇异值对应的正交空间基进行组合．在区域场与局部场的分离、砂岩型铀矿弱信息提取及断裂构造识别等应用领域取得了较好的试验效果。     

物理大地测量学与地球物理学结合中的有关问题评注

本文依据大地重力学反问题的有关研究，对重力场边界扰动量的本征含义进行分析，由此揭示出它们在逼近地球实际重力场源过程中所具有的物理意义及存在的不足。然后进一步论及正常场源的非物理性上，并对其解决途径进行了探讨，最后对大地得力学反问题研究中的物理核－－正交分解定理描述的场源量所具有的实际意义及其在地球物理反演中的具有的作用进行了分析和评注。     

Empirical Orthogonal Functions Analysis Applied to the Inverse Problem in Hydrogeology: Evaluation of Uncertainty and Simulation of New Solutions

To fulfil the need to generate more realistic solutions, stochastic inverse simulations in hydrogeology are now constrained on both piezometric head and hydraulic conductivity data. These inverse techniques, often based on geostatistics, allow modifications of an initial solution conditioned only on hydraulic conductivity data to arrive at a final solution that also matches observed heads. By repeating the process as many times as necessary with different initial solutions, one generates an ensemble of final solutions thereby addressing the uncertainty of the inverse problem. This requires a method able to handle the whole ensemble and to work on its relevant characteristics. From this standpoint, the analysis by Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) appears promising. The method builds an orthogonal decomposition of the covariance matrix, calculated over the whole set of solutions, and the areas in space where the first functions have a greater influence corresponding to locations of maximum uncertainty in the solutions. These locations depend both on the hydraulic characteristics of the flow problem and on the spatial distribution of available data. The EOF analysis is used on a synthetic problem that mimics a possible behavior of the Culebra aquifer of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP, New Mexico). The method also allows new solutions to be generated at lower computational cost by a random composition of the functions obtained by the EOF analysis. These new solutions keep the main characteristics of the initial ensemble and because they can be conditioned, they return very good results when they are used to solve the direct problem.