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采用高温模拟技术,对原油样品进行模拟实验,并对其裂解过程中正构烷烃的组成和变化特征进行了地球化学研究。结果表明,原油大量裂解生成气态烃之前,原油中的高分子量正构烷烃已经开始裂解,以C1+5烃类裂解成C6~C14化合物为主。随成熟度的增加,C6~C14化合物进一步转化为C1~C5化合物,并伴随苯系物的产出,最终形成甲烷和裂解沥青。在正构烷烃的裂解过程中,苯及其同系物的丰度呈明显增加趋势,可以作为原油裂解程度的潜在判识标志。此外,利用同样的实验条件对正十六烷进行了对比模拟实验,其产物的组成和变化特征与原油中正构烷烃的基本相同。 相似文献
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In this study, the fate and transport of aqueous benzene was investigated in a laboratory‐scale homogeneous aquifer by conducting a two‐dimensional plume test. Benzene solution was introduced as a pulse type along the width of the aquifer model through a recharge zone situated at the upper‐left part of the model and followed by a steady state flow. Solution samples were collected at various locations on the front side of the model to capture two‐dimensional plumes at discrete time intervals. The benzene plumes showed a moderate retardation relative to chloride plumes observed from the previous study conducted for the same aquifer model. The retardation factor was obtained from the ratio of travel distances of benzene peaks to chloride peaks from the injection point, computed using a line integral method. Mass recovery of aqueous benzene revealed that there was a significant reduction of benzene mass, indicating the occurrence of volatilization and/or irreversible sorption during transport. Thus, retardation along with volatilization and/or irreversible sorption may be important processes affecting the fate and transport of aqueous benzene in the aquifer model. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Based on a previous study of the irreversible sorption of benzene in sandy aquifer materials, we further investigated a method to quantify an irreversible sorption coefficient of aqueous benzene. Assuming that the rate of irreversible loss from the solution to the sorption sites followed first‐order kinetics, the irreversible sorption coefficient was derived from a kinetic batch sorption test conducted for an appropriate soil‐to‐solution ratio to reflect the flow conditions imposed on a column test. Simulation results revealed that the irreversible sorption coefficient estimated from the kinetic batch test provided a good agreement with the measured data obtained from the column test, indicating that the method proposed in this study can be used to quantify the irreversible sorption coefficient. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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为解决化学驱油体系中无机碱引起地层黏土膨胀、注采系统结垢等问题,充分发挥碱的作用,降低由传统无机碱带来的不利影响,以乙二胺(EDA)作为碱剂,与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)复配,与孤东油田原油制备乳状液,考察温度、含水率、SDBS及EDA单独使用和复配使用时的质量分数、乙醇助剂等因素对乳状液的影响,使用析水率和微观结构观测相结合的方法分析乳状液的稳定性.结果表明,当温度低于70℃时,随着温度的升高,原油黏度下降很快;乳状液黏度随含水率的增大先升高后降低,含水率为50%时的黏度最高;50℃、油水质量比为1∶1时,质量分数不超过0.100%的SDBS和EDA单独使用时乳状液的析水率达到50%以上,乳化油滴数量较少;二者复配使用时乳状液的析水率可降至38%,且乳化油滴数量多,稳定性增强;质量分数为0.100%的乙醇助剂的加入可进一步使乳状液的析水率降至30%. 相似文献
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近来利用微生物原位修复受石油污染的含水层已被广泛关注,然而地下水中含有许多离子成分,这些无机离子对微生物降解有机污染物的影响机制还不清楚。本文采用批量实验研究了淄博齐鲁石化污染地下水中常见的7种无机离子(NO3-、PO4 3-、SO4 2-、Cl-、Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe3+)对微生物生长及生物降解苯的影响规律,利用高通量测序技术进一步探究了苯降解菌的种群特征。结果表明:7种离子都存在一个最适宜微生物生长的离子浓度,低于或超过该浓度苯的去除率明显降低,其中NO3-、SO42-、Fe3+最适宜浓度为0. 4mmol/L,PO4 3-、Cl-、Ca2+、Mg2+最适宜浓度分别为0. 2mmol/L、0. 1mol/L、2. 5mmol/L、2mmol/L;从微生物含量及其变化幅度来看,地下水环境中的NO3-离子对微生物的生长及苯的去除影响最显著,其他离子的影响则较小,但微生物对Cl-的耐受浓度较高。高通量测序结果显示驯化出的苯降解菌主要属于脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio sp)、脱硫芽胞弯曲菌属(Desulfosporosinus sp)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter sp)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp)中的菌株。研究结果可为石油污染地下水的原位生物修复提供一定的科学依据。 相似文献
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以溴化十六烷基三甲铵为改性剂,对天然钙基膨润土进行有机化改性,系统地研究了改性剂用量以及钠化,热活化和酸活化对有机膨润土吸附苯酚、苯胺、苯、甲苯和二甲苯的影响,并初步探讨了有机膨润土与有机物间的作用机理。实验结果表明,改进剂用量是影响有机膨润土对有机物吸附性能的主要因素;改性剂用量相同时,钠化土的吸附效果明显好于直接改性的6.0%土,而热活化和酸活化对于有机膨润土吸附不同的有机物时影响程度也不同。应用有机膨润土建造垃圾填埋场防渗衬层具有一定的可行性。 相似文献
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胶束电动毛细管色谱法测定海底表层沉积物中的苯系化合物 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
用胶束电动毛细管色谱法对海底表层沉积物中的苯系化合物进行了分析测定。采用57cm×50μm毛细管柱,以50mmol/L十二烷基硫酸钠-2.0mmol/L四硼酸钠溶液(pH9.16)作为操作缓冲溶液,并加入φ=20%的甲醇作为有机改性剂,电压25kV,检测波长200nm,15min内苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯可获得良好的分离。用峰面积定量,线性范围为2~100mg/L,最小检测浓度分别为0.75mg/L苯,0.45mg/L甲苯,0.39mg/L乙苯,0.1mg/L邻-二甲苯,0.31mg/L对-二甲苯。将该法用来分析石油勘探远景区域海底表层沉积物中的苯系化合物,检测浓度范围为(0.0x~0.x)μg/g。 相似文献