反倾层状岩质边坡倾倒破坏力学模型

在地质调查基础上,将反倾边坡的各岩块概化为受自重弯矩及外力作用的悬臂梁,利用弯曲-拉裂模型研究其破坏模式。通过力学分析,建立了反倾层状岩质边坡各条块的力学模型。基于最大拉应力理论,给出条块倾倒失稳判据,以此判定边坡的稳定性,并定量分析了反倾边坡倾倒破坏的影响因素。结果表明:反倾边坡倾倒破坏发生在每个条块的上边界处,条块所受拉应力大小与其容重呈线性关系,与高度呈二次幂函数关系,与其宽度呈-1次幂函数关系,即板梁容重越大、高度越大、宽度越小,其倾倒破坏越明显。而当条块底面倾角满足一定条件时,才会发生倾倒破坏,其范围边界值与条块的高度和宽度有关。     

松辽盆地黒帝庙地区姚一段浅水三角洲沉积特征及沉积演化

根据岩心、测井解释、录井资料和地震资料,对姚一段的沉积微相类型、展布特征及其沉积演化规律进行了系统研究,结果表明黒帝庙地区姚一段发育浅水三角洲沉积体系。本次研究建立了浅水三角洲沉积体系的沉积模式,其可划分出浅水三角洲平原、浅水三角洲前缘和前浅水三角洲,根据不同的沉积特征,各亚相可进一步划分为多种沉积微相。与正常三角洲不同的是,浅水三角洲前缘河口沙坝不发育,且在该地区前浅水三角洲地带发育出露湖面的浅滩。     

东濮凹陷文南—刘庄地区沙二下亚段浅湖风暴沉积

风暴沉积是一种特殊的事件沉积,反映了区域特定时期的古地理环境和古气候变化.通过区域古地理研究和精细地层对比,探讨了东濮凹陷文南—刘庄地区沙二下亚段沉积时期浅湖风暴沉积证据及特征,在此基础上总结了风暴沉积模式.结果表明:沙二下亚段沉积时期湖盆沉积层序主要受气候条件控制,气候频繁变化导致风暴沉积广泛分布、多期发育;风暴沉积主要发育在湖侵体系域和高水位体系域,沉积早期发育在深水区,而到沉积晚期分布范围扩大;风暴沉积一般发生在每期砂组的边界附近,作为短期、等时的一种事件沉积,可以用来作为层序划分的辅助标志;研究区风暴沉积模式主要有Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类两种;Ⅰ类风暴沉积为类深水风暴沉积,发育A-D段沉积的类鲍马序列层序,但粒度要较深水风暴沉积细得多,多见于漫湖沉积环境相对深水区;Ⅱ类风暴沉积不发育Ⅰ类风暴的B和D段沉积;风暴流在风暴停止时越靠近湖盆中央,其沉积特征就越类似深水风暴沉积,反之则越类似Ⅱ类风暴沉积.     

The transfer matrix method applied to steel sheet pile walls

This paper proposes two subgrade reaction models for the analysis of steel sheet pile walls based on the transfer matrix method. In the first model a plastic hinge is generated when the maximum moment in the retaining structure is exceeded. The second model deals with a beam with an asymmetrical cross‐section that can bend in two directions. In the first part of this paper the transfer matrix method is explained on the basis of a simple example. Further the development of two computer models is described: Plaswall and Skewwall. The second part of this paper deals with an application of both models. In the application of Plaswall the effect of four current earth pressure theories to the subgrade reaction method is compared to a finite element calculation. It is shown that the earth pressure theory is of major importance on the calculation result of a sheet pile wall both with and without a plastic hinge. In the application of Skewwall the effectiveness of structural measures to reduce oblique bending is investigated. The results are compared to a 3D finite element calculation. It is shown that with simple structural measures the loss of structural resistance due to oblique bending can be reduced. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Characteristics of Holocene Loess-Palaeosol Particle Size Composition and Paleoclimatic Significance in East Guanzhong,Shaanxi Province

This paper made an end-member analysis of particle size data collected from 150 samples based on the continuous Holocene Loess-Paleosol profile (Yaohecun profile) in east Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province. Wavelet analysis was also performed for the EMs along the time scale of depth.The result shows that three end members can be separated from different sediment particle sizes. Based on comparative analysis of magnetic susceptibility and geochemical index, it was considered that the End-member 1 might indicate the weathering and pedogenic remoulding after sediment deposition under the east Asian summer monsoon. The End-member 2 might indicate dynamic effect of dust storm accumulation under the influence of northwest monsoon, representing typical component characteristics of aeolian loess.The End-member 3 indicated the stronger transporting force for coarse components, which should belong to the northeasterly winds for the coarse-grained near-source sediments from the Yellow River flood plain. Results of wavelet analysis show that each EM has different periodic characteristics at 1.5 ka, 3.0 ka and 4.5 ka scales.The End-element analysis method has a good effect in indicating the sedimentary environment and provenance characteristics of sediments. The combination characteristics of each End-member can reflect the characteristics of sedimentary dynamics combination and can well reflect the Holocene dynamic change course. At the same time, it hasreference significance to reconstruct the paleoclimate on the longer time scale.The wavelet analysis method provides significant results in terms of inversion cycles and trends of dynamics change of sedimentary particle size within each EM.     

Palaeomagnetic and structural constraints on 90° anticlockwise rotation in SW Mongolia during the Permo–Triassic: Implications for Altaid oroclinal bending. Preliminary palaeomagnetic results

New and published paleomagnetic measurements from Trans Altai and South Gobi zones in south Mongolia document large tectonic motions in between Late Carboniferous and Triassic. Magnetic inclinations confirm equatorial position of south Mongolian terranes in Late Carboniferous–Permian times. The evolution of magnetic declinations indicates 90° anticlockwise rotation in between latest Carboniferous and Early Triassic of all studied tectonic units around the Eulerian pole located close to axis of Mongolian orocline. The anticlockwise rotation continues in Triassic being accompanied by a major drift to the north. The structural and published geochronological data suggest Carboniferous E–W shortening of the whole region resulting in N–S trend of all continental and oceanic geological units followed by orthogonal N–S shortening during Late Permian to Early Jurassic. Both paleomagnetic and geological data converge in a tectonic model of oroclinal bending of Mongolian ribbon continent, westerly back arc oceanic domain and Mongol–Okhotsk subduction zone to the east. The oroclinal bending model is consistent with the coincidence of the Eulerian pole of rotation with the structural axis of Mongolian orocline. In addition, the Mesozoic collisional tectonics is reflected by late remagnetizations due to formation of wide deformation fronts and hydrothermal activity.     

川中低孔渗砂岩成岩相定量评价与快速预测——以遂宁—蓬溪须二段为例

四川盆地中部上三叠统须家河须组须二段砂岩储层是中国低渗致密砂岩的突出代表,成岩作用对于砂岩致密化具有重要影响。借助铸体薄片、阴极发光、电子探针、扫描电镜等实验分析手段,分析不同成岩作用类型及特征,以控制孔隙演化的主要或特征的成岩作用划分出6种成岩相;引入视压实率、视胶结率、视微孔率、成岩系数结合孔渗参数,定量评价不同成岩作用强度,区分不同成岩相类型;探索地应用稳健回归方法建立孔渗-成岩系数解释模型;利用成岩系数解释模型解释未取心井参数,绘制成岩系数等值线平面图,预测有利成岩相区域分布。绘制储层(孔隙度6%)成岩系数等值线平面图,预测有利成岩相-有利储层发育区,实现了成岩作用、成岩相定量评价,成岩相的快速预测,并为有利储层发育区的筛选提供了依据,对于致密砂岩气藏勘探开发具有指导性意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地长9烃源岩发育与排烃效率

鄂尔多斯盆地长9优质烃源岩主要集中在志丹—英旺地区,但目前仅在志丹地区发现了典型长9源岩所生原油。对源岩排烃效率的定性和定量研究表明,英旺地区长9烃源岩排烃效率明显低于志丹等其他地区,仅为44%,其余地区平均为82%。排烃效率低应是英旺地区长9原油勘探未能取得突破的重要原因。沉积埋藏史和测井资料研究证实,与其他地区相比,英旺地区地质时期所经历的最大埋深明显较小,由此造成源岩孔隙度较高,残留烃量较大,导致英旺地区排烃效率低。另外,与志丹地区相比,英旺地区单位源岩生烃量较小,由此会造成其残烃量相对较高,这也是造成英旺地区排烃效率较低的一个原因。     

涠西南凹陷涠洲11区南部流沙港组流一段沉积微相特征

涠西南凹陷涠洲11区南部流沙港组油气特征明显,但目的层段岩性复杂,储层横向变化快,连通性差,因此对沉积微相与砂体的成因分析很有必要。本文通过岩心精细观察描述,结合粒度资料、测井资料和地震资料的分析,对流一段沉积相类型进行了探讨,识别出两种沉积相类型：水进型扇三角洲和正常三角洲。其中扇三角洲可划分为扇中和扇端两个亚相,三角洲划分为三角洲前缘和前三角洲两个亚相,并在各相带内共识别出11种微相类型。探讨了流一段4个亚段的沉积微相特征、平面展布及垂向演化：早期（L1下）为湖平面逐渐上升的扇三角洲沉积,晚期（L1h ）为不断向前讲积的三角洲沉积。     

渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷古近系沙一段物源-沉积体系重建

采用布格重力异常手段宏观地区分物源区和沉积区,根据重矿物特征分析物源区位置及影响范围,依据地震反射特征识别物源运移方向,通过砂分散体系精细分析和表征物源-沉积体系特征,并利用岩石地球化学资料进一步佐证物源-沉积体系分析。综合研究表明,渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷沙一段时期存在五个物源区,分别为葛沽物源、小站物源、增福台物源、钱圈物源和北大港潜山物源。葛沽物源为板桥次凹提供沉积物,且沉积物主体呈两支向歧口主凹进一步推进;小站物源、增福台物源和钱圈物源影响范围较小,均呈两支进入板桥次凹;北大港潜山物源为歧北次凹提供沉积物,向马棚口和高尘头地区推进时物源频繁分叉。综合岩芯、录井、测井和古生物等沉积成因标志,认为板桥次凹发育扇三角洲沉积体系,歧口主凹和歧北次凹发育深湖浊流体系。