The paleoenvironmental significance of spatial distributions of grain size in groundwater‐recharged lakes: A case study in the hinterland of the Badain Jaran Desert,northwest China

For lakes in desert hinterlands that are not recharged by river runoff, sediment input solely comes from wind transport. While the processes of sediment transport and deposition in these lakes differ significantly from those with river discharge, the spatial distribution of sediment grain size in these groundwater‐recharged lakes remains largely unknown. Moreover, whether the grain size distribution in these lake sediments can be used as a proxy in the study of past climatic change and environmental evolution studies is unclear. In this study, five lakes with a range of surface areas that had no runoff recharge were selected from the hinterland of the Badain Jaran Desert of north‐western China, and a total of 108 samples of lake surface sediments were collected to examine the spatial distribution of grain size. Moreover, an end‐member‐modeling algorithm was used to calculate end members from all grain size measurements. Our results showed that both the median and mean grain sizes in the lake sediments decreased from the nearshore to the offshore, deep‐water zone. However, the lowest median and mean grain sizes were not found in the center of the lakes, in contrast to lakes recharged by surface runoff. The median grain size of sediment in the lake center was negatively correlated with lake level, and thus could help reveal lake evolution at low resolutions. Moreover, EM1 and EM2 were interpreted as wind transported sediment, and sediment perturbed by lake waves after wind transport, respectively. The modal grain size of EM1 varied slightly between lakes, while changes in the modal grain size of EM2 were related to lake area. Given the positive relationship found between EM2 content and lake level, changes in the EM2 content (%) can serve as a rough indicator of lake level fluctuations at low temporal resolutions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Failure simulation of shear‐critical RC columns with non‐ductile detailing under lateral load

Reinforced concrete columns with non‐ductile detailing typically exhibit a softening behavior characterized by severe degradation when subjected to cyclic lateral loads. Whether the response is brittle or ductile, shear failure occurs with an inclined through crack along which sliding occurs coupled with loss of horizontal and vertical load‐bearing capacity of the member. The rapid loss of resistance after the peak strength is reached is because of one or more of the following local failure mechanisms: brittle failure of poorly confined concrete; buckling of longitudinal reinforcing bars because of lack of adequate transverse reinforcement or following opening of stirrups after spalling of cover concrete; bond failure. In this study, a modeling strategy to build a detailed 3D finite element model capable of capturing all of the above‐mentioned local failure mechanisms is presented. In particular, a steel–concrete interface model for representing the interaction within the member between concrete core, cover and longitudinal and transverse reinforcement is proposed. Comparison with results of an experimental test of a shear‐sensitive column demonstrates the effectiveness of the simulation up to failure of the element. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

铜陵矿集区块状硫化物矿床的二元结构特征

铜陵矿集区含金铜-硫-铁块状硫化物矿床,具有明显的地质地球化学二元结构性.与块状硫化物矿床的双层结构相对应,从下部浸染状-脉状矿化岩石到上部层状矿石,CaO、MgO、Fe2O3、FeO、Cu、Au、As等含量和δ18O、δ13C、δ30Si、Pb同位素逐渐增高,流体包裹体温度307.1℃→159.8℃和δ34S值逐渐降低.地质地球化学的二元结构特征,可以作为块状硫化物矿床找矿与勘探的重要标志.     

Pore Size Distribution of a Tight Sandstone Reservoir and its Effect on Micro Pore-throat Structure: A Case Study of the Chang 7 Member of the Xin’anbian Block,Ordos Basin,China

Pore distribution and micro pore-throat structure characteristics are significant for tight oil reservoir evaluation, but their relationship remains unclear. This paper selects the tight sandstone reservoir of the Chang 7 member of the Xin’anbian Block in the Ordos Basin as the research object and analyzes the pore size distribution and micro pore-throat structure using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), high-pressure mercury injection(HPMI), highpressure mercury injection, and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) analyses. The study finds that:(1) Based on the pore size distribution, the tight sandstone reservoir is characterized by three main patterns with different peak amplitudes. The former peak corresponds to the nanopore scale, and the latter peak corresponds to the micropore scale. Then, the tight sandstone reservoir is categorized into three types: type 1 reservoir contains more nanopores with a nanopore-to-micropore volume ratio of 82:18;type 2 reservoir has a nanopore-to-micropore volume ratio of 47:53;and type 3 reservoir contains more micropores with a nanopore-to-micropore volume ratio of 35:65.(2) Affected by the pore size distribution, the throat radius distributions of different reservoir types are notably offset. The type 1 reservoir throat radius distribution curve is weakly unimodal, with a relatively dispersed distribution and peak ranging from 0.01 μm to 0.025 μm. The type 2 reservoir’s throat radius distribution curve is single-peaked with a wide distribution range and peak from 0.1 μm to 0.25 μm. The type 3 reservoir’s throat radius distribution curve is single-peaked with a relatively narrow distribution and peak from 0.1 μm to 0.25 μm. With increasing micropore volume, pore-throat structure characteristics gradually improve.(3) The correlation between micropore permeability and porosity exceeds that of nanopores, indicating that the development of micropores notably influences the seepage capacity. In the type 1 reservoir, only the mean radius and effective porosity have suitable correlations with the nanopore and micropore porosities. The pore-throat structure parameters of the type 2 and 3 reservoirs have reasonable correlations with the nanopore and micropore porosities, indicating that the development of these types of reservoirs is affected by the pore size distribution. This study is of great significance for evaluating lacustrine tight sandstone reservoirs in China. The research results can provide guidance for evaluating tight sandstone reservoirs in other regions based on pore size distribution.     

小口径涡轮钻具减速器非对称齿轮弯曲强度分析

小口径涡轮钻具减速器是小井眼深井钻探钻具的重要部件,具有体积小、承载大的特点。采用非对称齿轮代替传统齿轮是提高减速器承载能力的有效手段。非对称齿轮两侧的齿根圆角半径和压力角是区别于对称齿轮的关键参数,通过改变齿轮的齿形结构进而影响了齿轮的齿根弯曲强度。为了进一步研究齿根圆角半径和工作侧压力角对齿根弯曲应力的影响规律,以φ127 mm涡轮钻具减速器中太阳轮为研究对象,建立非对称齿轮的受力模型,基于平截面法得到非对称齿轮齿根弯曲应力的理论计算公式,并通过有限元法对对称齿轮和非对称齿轮进行对比分析,仿真结果表明：增大齿根圆角半径能增大齿轮齿根过渡曲线的曲率半径,从而改善齿根处的应力集中;工作侧压力角的增大能有效降低齿根弯曲应力,但压力角超过一定值时,齿根弯曲应力逐渐趋于稳定。理论分析和仿真结果基本吻合,研究结果可以为优化减速器非对称齿轮的主要参数提供依据和参考。     

天宫二号三维成像微波高度计大气斜距时延校正

2016-09-15随天宫二号空间实验室发射升空的三维成像微波高度计（简称天宫二号成像高度计）是国际上第一个采用小入射角、短干涉基线实现宽刈幅海面高度测量的高度计。由于天宫二号没有为成像高度计配备用于大气校正的微波辐射计,因此需要采用模型方法对大气时延进行精确估计。传统高度计采用星下点观测,通常只考虑大气折射率的改变引起传播速度变化的时延。天宫二号成像高度计采用偏离星下点1°—8°的小角度观测,因此在进行大气传输时延校正时不仅要考虑雷达信号传播速度的改变,还应考虑由于传播方向改变带来的路径弯曲效应。本文针对天宫二号成像高度计的观测几何特性,提出基于数值天气模型校正大气斜距时延的算法：采用欧洲中期天气预报中心的天气数据和大气分层模型,通过气象参数计算大气折射率;根据高度计参数和各层大气折射率,依赖折射定律和信号传播的几何关系在路径上逐层积分,计算大气斜距时延的估值。通过对天宫二号成像高度计的陆地角反射器定标实测数据进行处理,经大气斜距时延校正后,角反射器的剩余距离误差的标准差约为6.2 cm,达到厘米量级的斜距测量精度,验证了在不同入射角情况下,所提出的大气斜距时延校正算法的有效性和可靠性。     

北部湾盆地海中凹陷流三段沉积相研究及其意义

以频率、连续性、振幅、几何形态为划分依据,将海中凹陷流三段划分为6类地震相。通过区域沉积背景研究,分析其可能发育的沉积相类型,并根据其自身的地震反射特征和浅层有井层段沉积相分析,进行了地震相到沉积相的转化。海中凹陷流三段发育的沉积相类型主要有辫状河-冲积平原、滨浅湖、辫状河三角洲、近岸水下扇和半深湖。研究的意义在于证实了海中凹陷流三段储集层发育,同时推测凹陷深处发育的半深湖和大面积分布的浅湖可能发育大套湖相烃源岩。     

Application of clan member signal method in structural damage detection

It is well known that in most cases, a reference is necessary for structural health diagnosis, and it is very difficult to obtain such a reference for a given structure. In this paper, a clan member signal method (CMSM) is proposed for use in structures consisting of groups (or clans) that have the same geometry, i.e., the same cross section and length, and identical boundary conditions. It is expected that signals measured on any undamaged member in a clan after an event could be used as a reference for any other members in the clan. To verify the applicability of the proposed method, a steel truss model is tested and the results show that the CMSM is very effective in detecting local damage in structures composed of identical slender members.     

长江河口淡水端溶解态无机氮磷的通量

1998年2和9月在长江河口淡水端连续观测了DIN(NO₃-,NO₂-,NH₄+),PO₄3-,流速和流向.结果表明,溶解态无机氮、磷浓度的时空变化较复杂;1998年2月NO₃-,NO₂-,NH₄+和PO₄3-的月通量分别为168241,974.4,19335和2648t,9月的月通量分别为905678,8317,5797和6281t;1998年NO₃-,NO₂-,NH₄+和PO₄3-年通量分别为497.1×104,3.911×104,10.22×104和4.155×104t.     

川北广元须家河组一段沉积相与沉积环境演化分析

四川盆地北部三叠系—侏罗纪发育,出露良好,是三叠纪—侏罗纪转换时期古气候与古环境变化的良好物质记录.其中,晚三叠世诺利期是四川盆地海陆转换的重要过渡期,尤其是对陆地生态系统的影响更加显著.以川北广元剖面为研究对象,对晚三叠世诺利期末须家河组须一段进行沉积相及沉积环境演化的分析,结果表明:研究剖面发育潟湖沼泽—三角洲平原...