A Generalized Point Conforming Rectangular Plate Element

- A generalized point conforming rectangular element for plate bending is proposed. The present element displacement field can not only satisfy the continuity of normal displacement and its derivative at the element node, but also satisfy the generalized continuity at the middle point of each element boundary, where the generalized conforming condition is to make the non-conforming residual to be minimum. Numerical results show that the proposed element is more accurate than the ordinary 4-node non-conforming rectangular plate element (ACM element).     

Effects of bedrock groundwater discharge on spatial variability of dissolved carbon,nitrogen, and phosphorous concentrations in stream water within a forest headwater catchment

The quantitative evaluation of the effects of bedrock groundwater discharge on spatial variability of stream dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphorous (DIP) concentrations has still been insufficient. We examined the relationships between stream DOC, DIN and DIP concentrations and bedrock groundwater contribution to stream water in forest headwater catchments in warm-humid climate zones. We sampled stream water and bedrock springs at multiple points in September and December 2013 in a 5 km² forest headwater catchment in Japan and sampled groundwater in soil layer in small hillslopes. We assumed that stream water consisted of four end members, groundwater in soil layer and three types of bedrock groundwater, and calculated the contributions of each end member to stream water from mineral-derived solute concentrations. DOC, DIN and DIP concentrations in stream water were compared with the calculated bedrock groundwater contribution. The bedrock groundwater contribution had significant negative linear correlation with stream DOC concentration, no significant correlation with stream DIN concentration, and significant positive linear correlation with stream DIP concentration. These results highlighted the importance of bedrock groundwater discharge in establishing stream DOC and DIP concentrations. In addition, stream DOC and DIP concentrations were higher and lower, respectively, than those expected from end member mixing of groundwater in soil layer and bedrock springs. Spatial heterogeneity of DOC and DIP concentrations in groundwater and/or in-stream DOC production and DIP uptake were the probable reasons for these discrepancies. Our results indicate that the relationships between spatial variability of stream DOC, DIN and DIP concentrations and bedrock groundwater contribution are useful for comparing the processes that affect stream DOC, DIN and DIP concentrations among catchments beyond the spatial heterogeneity of hydrological and biogeochemical processes within a catchment.     

河南禹州早二叠世山西组二1煤组植物化石

报道了河南省禹州市神垕镇马垌剖面山西组二₁煤组的植物化石21属42种。该植物群以真蕨纲和种子蕨纲繁盛为特征,楔叶纲、瓢叶目、科达纲、苏铁纲及石松纲植物亦有一定的数量,属于华夏植物群中期组合特征,地质时代为早二叠世亚丁斯克期。结合国内同期植物群的对比,首次将该植物群的发育与全球气候变化及海平面升降相联系:当气候由冰室气候转变为暖室气候、海平面上升时,植物群演替加快,光合效率增加引起O₂剧增及CO₂剧降。     

准噶尔盆地阜东斜坡头屯河组二段沉积微相及主控因素

准噶尔盆地阜东斜坡头屯河组是重要的油气勘探目的层。基于岩心、测井及地震等资料,探究研究区的沉积特征及其展布规律,对该区今后油气滚动勘探有重要意义。研究表明:研究区目的层岩性以泥岩、粉砂岩及细砂岩组合为主,总体表现出“泥包砂”的特点;其中砂岩成分成熟度低,具有近物源特征;粒度概率累计曲线主要为跳跃悬浮式,水动力类型为牵引流;测井曲线可分为钟形、箱形和线形3类。综合岩性、粒度、测井及地震反射特征等明确了研究区主要发育曲流河沉积,可识别出曲流河道、点坝、泛滥平原和废弃河道4种沉积微相。研究区沉积物源来自东北方向,曲流河展布特征主要受地形坡度、物源远近及粒度特征影响。曲流河由北东向南西延伸,且西南部的河道弯曲度有增大的特征,河道逐渐呈现网状分布特征,点坝砂体也更加发育;同时,西北部也出现了连片分布的曲流河沉积。因此,后续油气勘探优质储层的找寻应重点考虑西北部与西南部的点坝砂体。     

柴达木盆地团鱼山地区浅湖油页岩特征、成因及成矿模式-以青柴地2井为例

我国陆相油页岩资源丰富,通常沉积于深湖-半深湖、湖沼以及浅湖环境,其中浅湖油页岩主要发育于柴达木盆地、老黑山盆地、黄县盆地等地区。为研究浅湖油页岩的特征和成因,分析其成矿模式,对柴达木盆地团鱼山地区的青柴地2井石门沟组含煤段浅湖油页岩样品分别开展了有机碳、热解、含油率、灰分、挥发分、密度、发热量、主微量元素、X衍射等测试分析。结果显示,研究区油页岩为中灰分、高挥发分、低密度、高发热量、低-中等含油率的油页岩。该油页岩的有机质丰度高,有机质类型为Ⅱ₂型,成熟度为未成熟。其矿物组成主要为粘土矿物和石英,组成元素以SiO₂、Al₂O₃和TFe₂O₃为主,具有P₂O₅、Co、Cu、Zn、Ga、Mo、Ba、Th、U等元素富集,SiO₂、TFe₂O₃、MgO、Na₂O、CaO、K₂O、TiO₂、...     

Genesis of Fibrous Calcite in the Chang 7 Member of the Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China

To explore the genesis of the laminated calcite veins developed in the black shale of Chang 73 submember of the Ordos Basin, the petrology, microstructure and geochemistry of calcite veins are studied using thin sections, fluid inclusions, trace elements and isotopic geochemistry. The source, the time of formation, the mechanism of formation, and the dynamic background of the veins are discussed. The veins are mostly made up of calcite, mixed with lenticular or spindle-shape solid wall rock inclusions. Three structures are identified in the calcite minerals: fibrous, rhombic cleavage, and wedge-like structure. Trace elements and isotopes of carbon and oxygen confirm that the calcite veins were formed from a high density hydrothermal fluid. It is assumed that calcite veins formed prior to wall rock consolidation during the formation of the Qinling Orogenic Belt in the Middle and Late Triassic. The results show that the sedimentary sources of Chang 73 submember were influenced by hydrothermal materials besides terrigenous detritus. The fibrous calcite is different from the fibrous calcite reported in the morphology and mechanism of formation. In this way, the research complements and improves the morphology and the mechanism of formation of fibrous calcite.     

煤矿井下套铣打捞技术研究与应用

基于煤矿开采深度的增加,在复杂地层中进行定向钻孔施工发生卡钻事故的风险也在急剧增加。采用套铣打捞技术进行卡钻事故处理,能够提高事故处理的成功率,并起到保护原钻杆的作用,降低经济损失。文章分析研究了套铣打捞钻具的选择、冲洗液选择、工艺参数以及工艺方法,结合在玉溪矿和临涣矿打捞实例,优化了套铣打捞工艺及相关参数。     

某斜柱式栈道旅游安全评价

旅游景区栈道由于设计、施工技术资料不详,并经常发生超员现象,存在安全隐患。结合案例工程,根据结点连结方式不同,建立斜柱式栈道力学分析模型。按照实际栈道调查,分别对八种模型在相应荷载下的弯矩、轴力和剪力对比分析,发现最大弯矩和剪力出现在水平横粱上,最大轴力出现在斜支撑上,进而提出栈道最不利内力验算模式。评价认为要保证其结构安全,须确保游人在栈道上单列行走并保持间隔在0．5m以上。但考虑旅游实际需要可增设斜支撑。     

松辽盆地龙西地区泉四段砂岩岩石学特征及其对储层物性的影响

松辽盆地龙西地区泉四段主要为岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩,成份成熟度较低,粒度较细,分选中等偏差,填隙物主要为粘土矿物和方解石。研究表明,储层物性随着石英含量的增加而变好,而随着岩屑含量的增加而变差,说明成份成熟度影响岩石的抗压性,进而影响储层的物性。泉四段砂岩中的长石主要通过钾长石的溶蚀作用改善储层物性。粒度大小和均匀程度与储层物性呈正相关关系,砂岩粒度的均匀程度也是形成低孔低渗储层的内在因素之一。     

A method for assessing kinematic bending moments at the pile head

The conventional design methods for seismically loaded piles still concentrate in providing adequate resistance from the pile to withstand only the inertial bending moments generated from the oscillation of the superstructure, thus neglecting the effect of kinematic interaction between pile and soil. By contrast there has been extensive research on kinematic effects induced by earthquakes and a number of simplified methods are available for a preliminary evaluation of kinematic bending moments at the interface between two soil layers. Less attention has been paid to the effects of kinematic interaction at the pile‐head. The paper summarizes recent research work on kinematic response analysis of fixed‐head piles aimed at the performance evaluation of a piled foundation. Results from an extensive parametric study, undertaken by means of three‐dimensional FE analyses, suggest a new criterion to predict kinematic bending effects at the pile head, where the combination of kinematic and inertial effect may be critical. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.