断裂和裂缝的分形特征

在详细剖析断裂和裂缝组成和结构相似性的基础上, 计算了贝尔断陷T₅和T₂两层构造图上断裂信息维和10口井布达特群岩心裂缝信息维, 分析了影响断裂和裂缝信息维的因素, 达到了从断裂信息维去预测裂缝分布的目的.影响断裂和裂缝信息维的因素包括密度、延伸长度、断层性质以及岩性, 但从根本上讲断层性质及岩性对信息维影响体现在断裂的密度上, 因此信息维应该是断裂发育程度的度量, 利用断裂信息维与裂缝信息维关系、裂缝信息维与裂缝密度关系预测裂缝的分布, 有利的裂缝发育带有3个区域, 与现今见油气井分布吻合.      

准噶尔盆地西北缘扇体形成演化与扇体油气藏勘探

准噶尔盆地西北缘广泛发育二叠纪-侏罗纪冲积扇、水下扇、扇三角洲等砾质粗碎屑沉积,其形成演化严格受不同时期活动的同生断裂控制.二叠纪以乌尔禾组扇体最为发育,呈由盆缘向盆地方向逐渐增强的前展式推覆冲断及渐进式扇体迁移响应模式.三叠纪-侏罗纪以百口泉组、克拉玛依组扇体最为发育,呈由盆内向盆缘方向逐渐减弱的退覆式冲断活动及后退式扇体迁移响应模式.已知扇体油气藏主要富集于水下扇扇根及扇中、扇三角洲平原及前缘4个亚相带,及二叠系佳木河组、乌尔禾组、三叠系百口泉组、克拉玛依组、侏罗系八道湾组、头屯河组6个层位.二叠-三叠纪扇体含油层多、规模大、储量丰度高,侏罗纪扇体反之.受断裂、不整合、岩相岩性、物性4种因素控制,扇体主要形成断块、地层不整合及构造岩性油气藏.断阶带及扇根-扇中相带主要发育构造(断块)油藏,为扇体与断层相配置的垂向运聚成藏模式;斜坡区及扇中-扇缘相带主要发育岩性油藏,为扇体与不整合相配置的侧向运聚成藏模式.西北缘扇体成藏条件好,探明程度总体较低,剩余资源潜力大,进而指出了七大有利勘探区块和方向.     

江南造山带中段地壳结构特征——来自武宁—吉安深反射地震随机介质相关长度分析的认识

江南造山带位于扬子和华夏地块中间,受华南陆块及其周缘多期次的碰撞、裂解及再造过程影响,经历了复杂的构造运动和变形,于中生代期间受区域构造-岩浆事件影响,发生成矿“大爆发”,是研究陆内深部过程、成矿作用的关键地区。受沉积覆盖、出露较少等因素影响,江南造山带中段地壳结构、深部过程及其边界范围等还存在争议。为进一步提高对江南造山带中段中生代深部构造背景、动力学过程及成矿作用的认识,本文利用武宁—吉安深反射地震数据,进行随机介质参数的计算,获得了相关长度剖面。结果发现江南造山带中段地壳厚度沿剖面由北向南逐渐减薄,结合前人研究推测研究区受控于燕山期晚期伸展构造体制,在伸展构造背景下,导致地壳减薄,诱发幔源物质上涌,受地幔上涌影响由南往北逐渐减弱。同时揭示了宜丰—景德镇断裂深大断裂极性,进一步证明了萍乡—广丰断裂为江南造山带中段与华夏地块的边界。最后综合分析了中生代区域构造对成矿的影响,认为在伸展构造背景下,幔源物质沿断裂上涌控制了该区金、钨等矿床的形成。     

A new understanding of Demala Group complex in Chayu Area,southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Evidence from zircon U-Pb and mica 40Ar/39Ar dating

The Chayu area is located at the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This region was considered to be in the southeastward extension of the Lhasa Block, bounded by Nujiang suture zone in the north and Yarlung Zangbo suture zone in the south. The Demala Group complex, a set of high-grade metamorphic gneisses widely distributed in the Chayu area, is known as the Precambrian metamorphic basement of the Lhasa Block in the area. According to field-based investigations and microstructure analysis, the Demala Group complex is considered to mainly consist of banded biotite plagiogneisses, biotite quartzofeldspathic gneiss, granitic gneiss, amphibolite, mica schist, and quartz schist, with many leucogranite veins. The zircon U-Pb ages of two granitic gneiss samples are 205 ± 1 Ma and 218 ± 1 Ma, respectively, representing the ages of their protoliths. The zircons from two biotite plagiogneisses samples show core-rim structures. The U-Pb ages of the cores are mainly 644 –446 Ma, 1213 –865 Ma, and 1780 –1400 Ma, reflecting the age characteristics of clastic zircons during sedimentation of the original rocks. The U-Pb ages of the rims are from 203 ± 2 Ma to 190 ± 1 Ma, which represent the age of metamorphism. The zircon U-Pb ages of one sample taken from the leucogranite veins that cut through granitic gneiss foliation range from 24 Ma to 22 Ma, interpreted as the age of the anatexis in the Demala Group complex. Biotite and muscovite separates were selected from the granitic gneiss, banded gneiss, and leucogranite veins for ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating. The plateau ages of three muscovite samples are 16.56 ± 0.21 Ma, 16.90 ± 0.21 Ma, and 23.40 ± 0.31 Ma, and the plateau ages of four biotite samples are 16.70 ± 0.24 Ma, 16.14 ± 0.19 Ma, 15.88 ± 0.20 Ma, and 14.39 ± 0.20 Ma. The mica Ar-Ar ages can reveal the exhumation and cooling history of the Demala Group complex. Combined with the previous research results of the Demala Group complex, the authors refer that the Demala Group complex should be a set of metamorphic complex. The complex includes not only Precambrian basement metamorphic rock series, but also Paleozoic sedimentary rock and Mesozoic granitic rock. Based on the deformation characteristics, the authors concluded that two stages of the metamorphism and deformation can be revealed in the Demala Group complex since the Mesozoic, namely Late Triassic-Early Jurassic (203 –190 Ma) and Oligocene –Miocene (24 –14 Ma). The early stage of metamorphism (ranging from 203 –190 Ma) was related to the Late Triassic tectono-magmatism in the area. The anatexis and uplifting-exhumation of the later stage (24 –14 Ma) were related to the shearing of the Jiali strike-slip fault zone. The Miocene structures are response to the large-scale southeastward escape of crustal materials and block rotation in Southeast Tibet after India-Eurasia collision.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

海底光缆的地震影响分析

根据我国地震台网测定,北京时间2006年12月26日20时26分和34分,在南海海域发生7.2、6.7级地震。受强烈地震影响,多条国际海底通信光缆中断,造成附近国家和地区的国际和地区性通信受到严重影响。这次地震以前,海底光缆故障主要是由渔船造成,而地震的影响常常被忽视。本文在总结海底光缆3次震害经验的基础上,提出了地震影响海底光缆的主要因素以及海底光缆的抗震措施。     

地面预注断层破碎带井筒工艺研究

地面预注断层破碎带研究采用控制性高压劈裂、小段高、水玻璃预处理、钻孔分叉综合技术和工艺，成效显著。     

疏勒河断裂中段VLF响应特点及地质解释

疏勒河断裂带中段为一隐伏基底断裂。由于规模较大，并且充填了低阻的构造角砾岩，因此对ＶＬＦ有很好的响应。本文分析了该构造的ＶＬＦ响应特点，指出在本区用ＶＬＦ方法寻找隐伏构造的有效性和局限性。     

湘东─赣西NNE向走滑构造

湘东─赣西构造岩浆带位于郯庐断裂南延的关键性部位。中生代以来，该区 NNE向左旋走滑构造主要由会聚走滑和 K─ E离散走滑构造叠加而成。会聚走滑作用造就了 NNE向雁列式剪切断裂系、剪切弯曲和旋转构造、压剪性煤盆地以及断层动热变质─剪切重熔型花岗岩；而离散走滑作用则控制了该区广泛发育的张剪性红盆地、盆岭式构造地貌、以及大规模中低温热液矿床的形成。湘东─赣西复杂的平移构造型式很可能与该区地壳结构分层特征、前期断裂构造格局、平移幅度和多期走滑构造作用四个因素有关。     

高边坡岩体各向异性和动力特性的测试研究

以李家峡大坝工程为例，对高边坡岩体的各向异性和动力牧场生进行了较详细的测试研究。在对层状岩体的各向异性系数对比分析的基础上，确定了爆破对岩体的破坏影响深度，并采用不同的测试参数综合地反映了断层的动力特性，这些测试成果不仅为大坝岩体的动力稳定分析提供了充足的数据，同时对大坝的建设也有重要的参考价值。