Uncertainties in the geographic context of health behaviors: a study of substance users’ exposure to psychosocial stress using GPS data

ABSTRACT

This study examined how contextual areas defined and operationalized differently may lead to different exposure estimates. Substance users’ exposures to environmental stress (in terms of two variables: community social economic status and crime) were assessed from global positioning systems (GPS) data. Participants were 47 outpatients with substance use disorders admitted for methadone maintenance at a research clinic in Baltimore, Maryland. From 35.2 million GPS tracking points, we compared 7 different methods for defining activity space. The different methods yielded different exposure estimates, which would lead to different conclusions in studies using only one method. These results have important implications for future research on the effect of contextual influences on health behaviors and outcomes: whether a study observes any significant influence of an environmental factor on health may depend on what contextual units are used to assess individual exposure.     

海域基准价格评估:厦门案例研究

近年来,随着国家资源管理体制改革的加快,海域资源市场化配置程度不断提高,海域招拍挂即将成为海域使用权出让的主要方式。对海域基准价格进行研究,可以科学确定海域使用权的价格,为海域资源市场化配置提供科学支撑。本文建立了海域定级和海域基准价格评估方法,并利用建立的方法评估了厦门市货运港口用海、客运港口用海、游乐场用海和游艇泊位用海的海域基准价格。结果显示,厦门市各级各类海域基准价格差异很大,各地区各类用海的海域基准价格在11.04～89.32万元/公顷之间。从区域看,同一区域不同用海类型的海域基准价格相差很大,厦门岛周边海域基准价格普遍较高,与陆域的经济发展水平相对一致;从用途看,同级别海域游艇泊位用海年均海域基准价格最高,货运港口用海最低。     

含辐射和扁率的圆型限制性三体问题的轨道稳定性研究

基于最小二乘法原理的速度因子方法是保流形结构算法中效率最高、稳定性最好、应用最广的方法.利用速度因子方法讨论了主星为辐射源,伴星为扁球的平面圆型限制性三体问题的稳定性问题.数值研究表明:(1)仅考虑扁状摄动项时,系统混沌运动的轨道数量会增多;(2)仅考虑辐射项时,系统有序运动的轨道数量会增多;(3)同时存在辐射和扁状摄动时,辐射占主导作用,系统有序运动的几率会增加.     

我国高等GIS教育:问题、创新与发展

随着地理信息科学技术的发展,地理信息系统专业得到广泛的普及,GIS高等教育面临着创新和发展。本文首先分析了我国高等GIS教育在课程整合、理论教育、技术教育、人才定位、教学方法等方面存在的问题,重点论述了我国高等GIS教育应从GIS学科、理论技术、教育体制、教育模式、教育方法和人才培养等方面开展GIS教育创新,最后对我国GIS高等教育的发展作了展望。     

运用Hoek-Brown经验准则分析圆形硐室围岩弹塑性应力和位移

Hoek-Brown经验准则能够较容易地用来估计节理岩体的强度,在岩石工程界已得到广泛的应用和认可。只要用定量指标合理地描述岩体质量,就可确定岩体的强度,因此Hoek-Brown经验准则为通过岩体质量评分评价岩体稳定性架起了一座桥梁,并对需要采取的加固支护措施提出建议。地下硐室开挖后改变了岩体的初始应力状态,围岩应力产生应力重分布现象。当硐室周边围岩应力状态超过岩体弹性极限状态而进入塑性状态时,塑性区内岩体的应力满足极限平衡条件。本文简单回顾了当侧压力系数为1时,圆形硐室围岩的弹性应力和位移,在此基础上以Hoek-Brown经验准则为极限平衡条件,得到圆形硐室轴对称平面应变问题的围岩弹塑性应力和位移的分析解。     

Solution of the Sitnikov Problem

A new analytic expression for the position of the infinitesimal body in the elliptic Sitnikov problem is presented. This solution is valid for small bounded oscillations in cases of moderate primary eccentricities. We first linearize the problem and obtain solution to this Hill's type equation. After that the lowest order nonlinear force is added to the problem. The final solution to the equation with nonlinear force included is obtained through first the use of a Courant and Snyder transformation followed by the Lindstedt–Poincaré perturbation method and again an application of Courant and Snyder transformation. The solution thus obtained is compared with existing solutions, and satisfactory agreement is found.     

Poisson重力边值问题

提出了Poisson重力边值问题,即关于扰动位的Poisson方程的Stokes问题和Neumann问题。作为导引,先研究Poisson方程的Dirichlet问题．再分别引入一种辅助函数,将Stokes问题和Neumann问题改化为Dirichlet问题,从而立即得到它们的积分解。最终解式表现为两部分叠加：一部分仅与边界观测相关,另一部分为对地形测量的响应,为研究地形测量对外部重力场和大地水准面的精化提供新的途径。     

基于约束满足神经网络的整体影像匹配

将影像匹配看作一个约束满足问题（ＣＳＰｓ）,并用约束满足神经网络（ＣＳＮＮ）来实现整体影像匹配。根据新松弛标号法对网络的结构和迭代方式进行了改进,使其能够处理复杂地形条件下影像匹配中存在的“零匹配”和“多匹配”问题。实验表明,该匹配算法可快速、有效地处理复杂地形条件下的影像匹配问题     

2.5维电阻率成像的新方法

以作者提出的正演方法为基础,给出一种新的2.5维电阻率成像方法,节省了计算时间,使成像迭代过程很稳定,可以对实际上广泛存在的大电性对比度的介质成像,从而提高了电阻率层析成像技术的实用性.     

The Upper Stratospheric Ozone Budget: An Update of Calculations Based on HALOE Data

On the basis of data obtained by the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) box model calculations are performed to investigate the ozone budget in the upper stratosphere. The HALOE data comprise measurements of major source gases and key chemical species involved in the ozone destruction cycles. In comparison to earlier calculations using version 17 of the HALOE data, the calculated ozone destruction rate increases when the updated data version 18 is used. However, as with the previous study using version 17 of the HALOE data, no evidence for a significant model ozone deficit is found.