井震结合古地貌恢复方法及应用——以辽河滩海西部地区沙一段为例

古地貌恢复研究是油气储层预测的重要内容,古地貌恢复的准确性直接影响物源、古水流等沉积特征的判断.针对辽河滩海西部地区钻井分布不均的特点,在钻井资料地层厚度压实校正基础之上,提出利用地震资料进行井间古地貌趋势补偿,将钻井资料和地震资料有机地融合.通过在辽河滩海西部沙一段应用表明,该方法效果良好,能够较真实地反映古地貌分布特征.     

An exceptional rocky shore preserved during Oligocene (Late Rupelian) transgression in the Upper Rhine Graben (Mainz Basin,Germany)

The Early Oligocene (Late Rupelian) Alzey Formation (Mainz Basin, Upper Rhine Graben, Germany) records the development of a rocky coast depositional system during transgression. The formation unconformably overlies Permian bedrock across a composite transgressive ravinement surface. Exposure of the surface shows a succession of subplanar bedrock terraces, separated by near‐vertical risers. Terraces show a broad staircase geometry and display wave‐erosional features (notches, sea stacks, furrows). Detailed sedimentological and palaeoecological investigations reveal prograding beachface and shoreface depositional units that overlie terraces and are adjacent to risers. Terraces are interpreted as wave‐cut platforms, backed by palaeocliffs. The staircase architecture records the episodic landward migration of palaeoshorelines onto palaeotopographic highs during the Early Oligocene. Stacking patterns of gravelly beach and shoreface associated units (facies tracts) indicate successive episodes of terrace cutting, beach development, drowning and shoreline backstepping during an overall relative sea‐level rise. The exceptional preservation of the stair‐cased rocky shore may be attributed to a highly jerky rising relative sea‐level, as the result of the conjugated effects of rift‐controlled tectonic subsidence and eustatic sea‐level oscillations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

博兴洼陷沙四上亚段滩坝砂岩次生孔隙形成机制

根据砂岩铸体薄片、扫描电镜、地层压力分析,研究了博兴洼陷沙四上亚段滩坝砂岩次生孔隙的形成机制.研究表明博兴洼陷地层中的上升流为滩坝砂岩次生孔隙的形成创造了条件,硅酸盐和碳酸盐矿物在CO2和有机酸作用下的溶蚀是次生孔隙形成的主要因素,黏土矿物的转化也为次生孔隙的发育做出了贡献.在构造高部位碳酸盐胶结程度较低或断层较发育的区域次生孔隙较发育,在构造高部位侧翼的厚层滩坝砂岩次生孔隙也较发育.依据次生孔隙的结构特征、胶结物的性质和产状、碎屑颗粒的性质将博兴洼陷滩坝砂岩划分为4种成岩相:其中不稳定碎屑溶蚀成岩相控制的区域次生孔隙最为发育,可成为较好的油气聚集区;碳酸盐胶结和压实-溶蚀成岩相控制的地区次生孔隙发育次之,但也可以成为油气聚集区;压实成岩相基本不具储集性能.     

Grain-size information from the statistical properties of digital images of sediment

The autocorrelation technique for estimating grain-size from digital images of sand beds has been extended and validated for use on coarse sand (0·7 mm) and gravel (up to ∼20 mm). A number of aspects of the technique have been explored and some potential improvements suggested. Autocorrelation is just one suitable statistical method sensitive to the grain-size of sediment in digital images; four additional techniques are presented and their relative merits discussed. A collective suite of techniques applicable to the general problem of grain-size estimation from digital images of sediment might broaden the applicability to more sedimentary environments, as well as improve its accuracy. These techniques are compared using a large data set from a gravel barrier beach in southern England. Based on over 180 samples, mean grain-size of sieved and imaged sediments correspond to within between 8% and 16%. Some theoretical aspects of the spatial arrangement of image intensity in digital images of natural sediments are addressed, including the fractal nature of sediments in images, which has potential implications for derivation of grain-size distributions from images of sand-sized material through segmentation and thresholding. The methods outlined in this contribution may also find application in further uncovering the geometric structure of sediment beds, as well as in the simulation of sedimentation processes.     

川东北飞仙关鲕滩气藏储层流体包裹体与成藏特征

对川东北地区飞仙关组储层成岩作用特征、流体包裹体均一温度、盐度和阴离子的分析表明,海槽区、鲕粒坝相区和澙湖区等不同沉积相带的成岩作用类型和特征存在较大差别。多数井区至少发生了两次溶蚀作用,晚期胶结作用和包裹体欠发育。孔隙胶结物和裂缝方解石脉中包裹体的发育在时间序列上均不完整。HCO3-与SO24-含量总体呈互为消长的关系,表明富HCO3-和富SO24-代表不同溶蚀作用期次的流体。断裂和裂缝在发育时间上具有阶段性和不连续性,体现在所记录的包裹体信息不具完整性。伴随成岩、成藏演化,总体上成岩流体盐度逐渐增大,即成岩演化阶段越高,流体盐度越高。     

大连石槽岩滩附植小型动物的初步研究

定量分析从大连石槽岩礁潮间带共采得１４种海藻和２５个附植小型动物样品。指出海洋线虫和底栖桡足类是永久性小型动物中占优势的类群，平均相对丰度分别占４１％和２８．３％。共鉴定出４６种海洋线虫。沉积食性的锐棘线虫（Ｔｈｅｒｉｓｔｕｓａｃｅｒ）的优势和普遍分布，指出本研究海域的隐蔽性，海藻上沉积了较多的有机碎屑和沉积物。将附植小型动物的数量与其他海域进行比较，并讨论了附植小型与附植大型动物的关系。     

海南岛南渡江三角洲北部沿岸的泥沙转运和岸滩运动

南渡江三角洲海岸可分为东部废弃侵蚀岸、北部泥沙转运岸和西部淤涨堆积岸等三个岸段。北部岸段为了连接东、西部岸段，存在大规模的、有节奏的沿岸泥沙向西和向岸转运及其相应的岸滩运动现象，泥沙主要来自南渡江干流河口及其以东的废弃侵蚀岸。文中还结合对北部岸段河口和沿岸泥沙转运现律的分析，讨论了波浪优势型河口三角洲特征及其堡岛海岸的形态、动态和泥沙来源以及人类活动对该岸段的影响等问题。     

Experimental Research on the Erosion Pattern and Protection Using the Extended Modelling Method

-In the paper the extended modelling method with serial sands is used in an experimental re-search on the erosion patterns at the discharge outlet of a beach Hua-Neng power plant.The theoretical ba-sis for the extended modelling method with serial sands is systematically presented in the paper and themethod has been successfully employed in the sediment experiment of coastal works.According to theFroude Law,the model is designed to be a normal one with movable bed,the geometric scaleλ_L=λ_H=15,and three scales of sediment grain size are chosen,i.e.,λ_(d1)=0.207;λ_(d2)=0.393;andλ_(d3)=0.656.The median particle diameter of sea beach prototype sand d_(50p)=0.059mm and the dis-changed water flow of the power plant is 21.7m~3/s.Three types of natural sea sands have been chosen asthe serial modelling sands to extend the simulation of the prototype,thus replacing the conventional test inwhich artificial lightweight sands are used.As a result,this method can not only reduce the costsignificantly,but also it     

砾石海滩的沉积和形态动力特征

天然砾石海滩的物质主要来源于河流输入，海岸侵蚀，海底侵蚀，沿岸输送，人类活动及冰川搬运等，砾石海滩在地貌上表现出明显的分带性，海滩坡度的大小随物源和动力条件发生变化，砾石的磨蚀速率与岩性及周围沉积物粒度组成有关，人工砾石海滩建设可借鉴天然砾石海滩的形成和演化过程，合理地设计物质组成，砾石形状和大小，以便能更快地使人工海滩达到平衡状态并维持海滩的稳定性。     

伶仃洋大铲湾潮滩冲淤遥感反演研究

由于潮滩范围广、变化频繁、缺乏常规的地形测量资料,给潮滩开发建设带来极大不便.以伶仃洋大铲湾为研究区,使用美国陆地卫星MSS,TM及ETM三类数据源,共计17个时相,时间跨度为1978～2001年,在国内首次利用多时相卫星遥感图像水边线高程反演技术,确定了大铲湾岸线变化,并进行了滩涂分带及面积的估算、滩涂利用状况及淤涨速度的确定、不同部位潮滩坡度及淤积速度的反演,为深圳港大铲湾的开发建设提供了理论依据.