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71.
伏牛山地区森林生态系统服务权衡/协同效应多尺度分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
森林生态系统服务权衡与协同研究已成为当前相关学科的研究热点和前沿,对服务权衡与协同关系的多尺度分析有助于更加有效地实施森林资源管理。综合森林类型图、NDVI、气象和土壤等多源数据,借助CASA模型、InVEST 3.2模型和ArcGIS 10.2软件,开展伏牛山地区森林生态系统服务评估,运用空间叠置方法从多个空间尺度(区域、南北坡、垂直带)探讨服务权衡与协同效应。结果表明:① 研究区森林生态系统平均蓄积量为49.26 m 3/hm 2,碳密度为156.94 t/hm 2,供水深度为494.46 mm,土壤保持量为955.4 t/hm 2,生境质量指数为0.79。② 区域尺度上,28.79%的森林服务之间存在高协同效应,10.15%的森林存在低协同效应,61.06%的森林存在强权衡和弱权衡效应。③ 南北坡尺度上,南坡服务之间的协同关系优于北坡。垂直带尺度上,南坡中山落叶阔叶林带(SIII)服务之间协同关系最好,北坡低山落叶阔叶林带(NI)协同关系最差。 相似文献
72.
73.
K. -C. Yeh J. -C. Yang Y. -K. Tung 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1997,11(2):173-192
Hydrologic model parameters obtained from regional regression equations are subject to uncertainty. Consequently, hydrologic
model outputs based on the stochastic parameters are random. This paper presents a systematic analysis of uncertainty associated
with the two parameters, N and K, in Nash's IUH model from different regional regression equations. The uncertainty features
associated with N and K are further incorporated to assess the uncertainty of the resulting IUH. Numerical results indicate
that uncertainty of N and K from the regional regression equations are too significant to be ignored. 相似文献
74.
75.
以兰州市区96条主要的泥石流沟为例,利用分形理论的统计自相似性对泥石流沟数的累计分布随沟谷形态要素沟道比降、汇水面积和沟道长度的变化进行了分析;并与不同流域形态要素的分维进行了比较,探讨了分维不同的原因。兰州市区泥石流沟三个形态要素均具有统计意义上的自相似性,其中以汇水面积显示出分维最小(0.46),沟道长度次之(0.71),沟道比降最大(1.09)。分维的大小描述了作为系统的沟谷及其泥石流的形成的空间结构,即分形结构,同时也反映了不同形态要素对系统所起作用的差异,分维越小,所起作用越显著。其结果对西北干旱半干旱地区石流灾害的进一步研究与防治提供了新的思路。 相似文献
76.
利用1958-2017年长江中下游地区426个国家站逐日降水资料,通过线性趋势分析法、EOF分解法,使用五个降水特征量,分析了60 a来长江中下游地区降水的变化规律。结果表明:(1)长江中下游地区年降水量呈上升趋势,线性趋势为2.21 mm·a-1,夏季的线性趋势为2.03 mm·a-1,冬季雨量略增,而春、秋两季雨量略减;(2)年降水日数的线性趋势为-0.46 d·a1,春、秋、冬三季降水日数均有减少,夏季持平;(3)降水强度呈弱上升趋势,降水强度的高值中心在江西以东大部以及湖北东部、安徽南部边缘,夏季的降水强度最大,冬季的最小,四季的降水强度均有弱增加趋势;(4)降水变异系数的高值中心位于安徽西北部边缘,最高值为0.25,低值中心位于湖南西部,最低值为0.14;春季的降水变异系数最低,夏季整体稳定,秋冬两季的波动性较大;(5)以年降水量作为指标可以把长江中下游地区划分为三种空间分布型,即长江中下游流域区域一致型、长江中下游北部和南部南北反相变化空间型以及长江中下游东部和西部东西反相变化空间型。
相似文献77.
78.
Natural resource management and conservation programs that promote building capacity and social learning among participants often lead to the formation of learning networks: a type of social network where learning is both a goal and potential outcome of the network. Through forming relationships and sharing information, participants in a learning network build social capital that can help a network achieve social and environmental goals. In this study, we explored social capital in a learning network that emerged through a large-scale marine governance effort, the Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries, and Food Security. Through a mixture of social network analysis and key informant interviews, we examined the major patterns of information exchange among individuals who had participated in regional learning exchanges; evaluated whether the network's structure resulted in information sharing; and considered implications for strengthening network sustainability, capacity building, and learning. We found that the Regional Exchange network fostered information sharing among participants across national and organizational boundaries. While the network had individuals who were more central to information sharing, the network structure was generally decentralized, indicating potential resilience to changes in leadership and membership. Participants stressed the importance of the knowledge and connections they had acquired through the learning network; however, they expressed doubts regarding its sustainability and stressed the need for a strong coordinating entity. Our findings suggest that conservation learning networks have the ability to bridge cultural divides and promote social learning; however, a strong network coordinator and continuing efforts to support information sharing and learning are crucial to the network's strength and sustainability. The tangible learning and capacity development outcomes cultivated through Regional Exchange network underscore the value of and need to invest in conservation networks that support peer-to-peer learning. 相似文献
79.
基于ASTER GDEM数据喀斯特区域地貌类型划分与分析 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
以30 m分辨率ASTER GDEM数据为基础,通过GIS空间分析和非监督分类的方法进行地貌基本类型的自动划分。研究结果表明:①ASTERGDEM数据能够满足1∶10万比例尺下喀斯特区域的地表形态表达;②以流域为单位提取地形因子符合地貌发育的基本规律,提取的地形因子能客观的反应地表真实形态;③采用非监督分类法能够有效的实现1∶10万比例尺下地貌基本形态的定量化、自动化分类。 相似文献
80.
The paper presents the prediction of total energy production and consumption in all provinces and autonomous regions as well as determination of the variation of gravity center of the energy production, consumption and total discharge of industrial waste water, gas and residue of China via the energy and environmental quality data from 1978 to 2009 in China by use of GM(1,1) model and gravity center model, based on which the paper also analyzes the dynamic variation in regional difference in energy production, consumption and environmental quality and their relationship. The results are shown as follows. 1) The gravity center of energy production is gradually moving southwestward and the entire movement track approxi-mates to linear variation, indicating that the difference of energy production between the east and west, south and north is narrowing to a certain extent, with the difference between the east and the west narrowing faster than that between the south and the north. 2) The gravity center of energy consumption is moving southwestward with perceptible fluctuation, of which the gravity center position from 2000 to 2005 was relatively stable, with slight annual position variation, indicating that the growth rates of all provinces and autonomous regions are basically the same. 3) The gravity center of the total discharge of industrial waste water, gas and residue is characterized by fluctuation in longitude and latitude to a certain degree. But, it shows a southwestward trend on the whole. 4) There are common ground and discrepancy in the variation track of the gravity center of the energy production & consumption of China, and the comparative analysis of the gravity center of them and that of total discharge of industrial waste water, gas and residue shows that the environmental quality level is closely associated with the energy production and consumption (especially the energy consumption), indicating that the environment cost in economy of energy is higher in China. 相似文献