西秦岭北缘断裂带的位移累积滑动亏损特征及其破裂分段性研究

根据西秦岭北缘断裂带的水平位移分组特征,定量计算了断裂端部和不连续部位的位移累积滑动亏损率,同时结合断裂带上的障碍体规模,滑动速率的差异,历史地震及古地震特征等,对断裂带进行了破裂分段性研究,结果表明,西秦岭北缘断裂带可以划分为鸳凤断裂,漳县断裂,锅麻滩断裂３条一级破裂段,６条二级破裂段。     

纤磷钙铝石类化合物:来自地球具工艺用途的材料(英文)

纤磷钙铝石类化合物系由自纤磷钙铝石CaAl3 (OH) 6(HPO4) (PO4)本身、经磷钙铝石CaAl3 (OH) 6(SO4) (PO4)到钾明矾石KAl3 (OH ) 6(SO4) 2 等的天然矿物族所组成的。它们表现出具有很大范围的阳离子置换系列 ,其中以Sr2 +和Ba2 +置换Ca2 +,REEs3 +置换Ca2 +和H+,As5 +置换P5 +,S6+/Se6+置换H+P5 +最为重要。随着置换的进行 ,其热动力学稳定性也逐渐增加。由此 ,纤磷钙铝石类化合物成为很能抗风化的矿物 ,在红土中尤其如此。厚的纤磷钙铝石层形成在闪长岩 (富Sr) ,碳酸盐岩 (富REEs)和含金石英脉 (富As)之上 ,从而保护整个磷酸盐红土 ,使之免受风化。以此方式 ,形成了桌状山脉或岛屿 ,他们具有未受覆盖的表面。这些“纤磷钙铝”石化合物为上述及其它元素形成一有效的地球化学障。“纤磷钙铝石”的这种天然地球化学固定作用可以用适当的母体或人工合成晶体来进行模拟 ,即通过金属阳离子交换或就地反应来模拟。这种固定作用还可用于处理天然和人造的放射性裂变产物、有毒的重金属元素、砷酸盐和硒酸盐、硫酸盐等。     

Sedimentological study of the Chernobyl NPP site to schematise radionuclide migration conditions

The approach, methods and results of a sedimentological study of a near-surface stratum of Late Pleistocene-Holocene deposits in the near-zone (5–10 km radius) of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant are presented. Sedimentological analyses are carried out at three levels of detail: regional-, local- and object-scale. The unsaturated zone and unconfined aquifer at the site are composed of two main genetic types of deposits, aeolian and alluvial, including several dynamic facies. Consideration of lithological properties leads to following ranking of the main genetic sediments facies with respect to radionuclide migration retardation potential: aeolian <alluvial channel <alluvial overbank <alluvial abandoned channel. Based on sedimentological interpretations, the geological environment is schematised into a set of typical geological sections possessing different radionuclide retardation potential.     

Asymptotic analysis of hard wave barriers in soil

A simple analytical model is developed to predict the vibration isolation of a hard wave barrier (e.g. filled trench, screen of piles, etc.). The model is, moreover, restricted to asymptotic conditions of high frequencies and soft soils. While the soil's surface wavelength is therefore short, ‘barrier hardness’ implies much longer wavelengths downward along the barrier itself. These conditions permit a number of approximations: the distributed excitation of the barrier by the surface waves is replaced by a concentrated force; the energy passing underneath the barrier is ignored in favor of that re-radiated by the barrier motion itself; and that radiation is approximated as if the barrier were rigid and semi-infinite. Subsurface soil-barrier interaction is accounted for in the barrier dynamic stiffness; both single degree-of-freedom and flexible models are considered. Successful comparisons are made to numerical results from the literature, as well as field measurements near a railway track.     

影响铁渗透反应格栅修复地下水中氯代烃长期运行性能的研究进展

铁渗透反应格栅技术修复地下水中氯代烃,尤其是四氯乙烯和三氯乙烯,已日臻成熟;近年,研究者对该技术的关注已集中到影响格栅长期运行性能的因素上。文章从地下水的常量化学组分、铁表面形成的矿物沉淀、铁渗透反应格栅中的微生物和共存有机污染物4个方面,对影响其长期运行性能的因素进行了综述。分析表明,铁表面矿物的长期积累是降低格栅长期运行性能的主要因素,并对该技术的发展进行了展望。     

宝兴县两河口山体崩塌应急治理方案设计

“4.20”四川芦山地震诱发了大量次生地质灾害,导致宝兴县两河口崩塌危岩体发育,威胁进出地震灾区的生命线工程省道S210,威胁周边企事业单位及居民人数超过500人,严重影响了抗震救灾和灾后的恢复重建。在充分考虑治理区自然情况的基础上,采取预应力锚索锚杆支护,桩板拦石墙与钢轨障桩联合治理,解除了在暴雨作用下,治理区危岩体顶部、崩坡积层和下部坡面上存在的危石灾害,解决了被动网立柱抗弯能力较弱的问题,形成障桩起保护作用。为宝兴县灾后重建赢得了时间。     

世界史视角下青藏高原对我国的地缘安全屏障作用

青藏高原不仅是自然地理上的地球第三极、世界屋脊,也是地缘政治上的一道安全屏障。目前关于青藏高原的历史地缘政治研究鲜少,与其战略价值不相称。本研究重点论述历史时期围绕青藏高原周边及其内部的政治地理事实,从中原王朝和高原地方政权两个不同视角,多尺度对比分析地理环境与地缘安全的关系,得出“青藏高原是我国的地缘安全屏障”这一结论。具体而言,它在历史上对来自中亚和南亚的威胁起到屏蔽或阻隔的作用。大高原的存在和不可逾越性——喜马拉雅山脉若是“城墙”,则青藏高原就是“城郭”——使得它对外部威胁起到阻挡入侵、对内起到新月形保护的作用,即地缘政治屏蔽效应。东亚大陆具有“背高原而面大海”的地理形便。这种形势直至近代新技术革命导致海洋势力的入侵而发生变化。不过,在可预见的时间里,青藏高原的地貌和地理环境不会发生根本改变。总之,青藏高原不仅是我国的生态安全屏障,也是我国的地缘政治安全屏障。中华文明长达两千年的相对安全发展,很大程度上得益于青藏高原的屏障功能。     

论强化垂直聚焦测深法

本文首先讨论了强化垂直聚焦测深法（简称聚焦测深法）的视电阻宰表达式,提出了在实际工作中代换该法的简单装置及其观测方案。其次,详细分析了利用线性滤波法计算的聚焦测深法ρs理论曲线,指出了似增层性质及多种因素对ρs曲线的形状和特征点极距的影响作用。最后阐明了聚焦测深法在地质效能上不具有定勘探深度的原因。     

Grain‐size distributions and coastal morphodynamics along the southern Maryland and Virginia barrier islands

This study examined grain‐size distributions to address questions regarding geological and oceanographic controls on island morphodynamics along one of the longest undeveloped, mixed‐energy barrier island systems in the world. In particular, statistical analyses (i.e. analysis of variance, Tukey honest significant difference multiple comparison tests, nonparametric statistics and linear regression analysis) of 230 barrier island samples from Ocean City Inlet, Maryland, to the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay and 134 nearshore samples (d ≤ 10 m) identified grain‐size trends related to the morphodynamic characteristics of these systems. In general, the Virginia barrier islands north of Wachapreague Inlet and Assateague Island form a statistically different subset of grain sizes (medium‐grained to coarse‐grained sand) from the islands south of Wachapreague Inlet (fine‐grained sand). These textural trends corroborate the Pleistocene headlands of the Delmarva coastal compartment as the sediment source and indicate that some of the coarse‐grained to medium‐grained sediment bypasses the large sinks in the net southward longshore sediment transport system (i.e. Fishing Point and Chincoteague Inlet). This research also demonstrates that the preferential accumulation of coarse‐grained to medium‐grained sand on the ebb‐tidal delta at Wachapreague Inlet probably controls the erosional morphodynamics of the islands located downdrift (south) of the inlet. These results suggest that an increase in tidal prism, set up by sea‐level rise and/or a shift in wave climate/refraction patterns, may lead to barrier island fragmentation and a runaway transgression of this predominantly natural barrier island system. Consequently, a grain analysis of major coastal compartments, across multiple driving forces, can be used to assess coastal morphodynamics and the potential impact of climate change on coastal systems.     

中国沙障研究进展与热点分析：基于Vosviewer和Citespace的图谱量化分析

基于Vosviewer和Citespace的图谱量化分析,选取1980—2020年以中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据、维普资讯为数据源的1 462篇关于中国沙障研究的文献,以及2000年后发表在外文期刊上的关于沙障的高被引文章50篇为样本,统计并绘制文献产出量变化、关键词共现、作者合作共现、机构合作以及突变和时区变化图谱等,厘清中国沙障研究的现状及挖掘热点问题。结果表明：中国沙障研究文献产出量可分为4个阶段：1980—1990年处于起步阶段、1990—2000年处于发展阶段、2000—2010年处于迅猛发展趋势、2010—2020年处于高平稳发展趋势;关键词共现主要在沙漠治理、植物固沙、乌兰布和沙漠和库布齐沙漠、风洞和数值模拟、沙障自动铺设机;作者和机构之间的合作表现为整体分散、部分集中的形式,缺乏成员、组织之间的相互交流和合作;突变分析表明,2013年后,中国沙障的研究热点为水土保持、植被恢复、数值模拟、风速流场、输沙量、防沙治沙措施以及防沙治沙政策的制定,以上热点也必将是未来一段时间的热点问题。展望未来,尽管中国荒漠化总体趋势有所遏制,但荒漠化治理依然任重道远。