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11.
Juerg M. Brunnschweiler 《Marine Ecology》2006,27(1):89-94
It is not known whether sharksuckers have positive or negative effects on their hosts, partly because this association is difficult to study in free‐ranging fish. I observed the behaviour of sharks with and without sharksuckers, to determine whether the hosts actively avoid sharksuckers. Wild blacktip sharks, Carcharhinus limbatus, took evasive actions when sharksuckers, Echeneis naucrates, attached to them, presumably to escape from skin irritation or hydrodynamical drag caused by the sharksuckers. Sharksuckers were most often attached to the belly or back of the shark, and sharks reacted most strongly to sharksuckers on their heads, sides, and dorsal fins. Observations of two captive bull sharks, Carcharhinus leucas, indicated that swimming speed increased when sharksuckers were attached. This paper supports the hypothesis that sharksucker attachment irritates sharks, and that the relationship between the two is best viewed as a subtle host–parasite interaction. 相似文献
12.
本文根据胶州湾东北部岸滩目前污染严重、脏乱不堪的现状及城市总体规划的要求.提出了胶州湾东北部岸滩的改造意见.着重从海洋动力、生态、水量平衡的角度论证了改造工程的必要性和可行性。 相似文献
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K. G. Robertson 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1990,12(1-2):3-8
Accurate navigation forms an essential part of all research at sea and the deep ocean imposes it's own unique problems. This chapter discusses several of the techniques in current use on the research vessels of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), concentrating on those systems which provide global navigation facilities, as opposed to the more localised, coastal aids. Whilst most of the systems rely on surface propagation of radio waves, the use of acoustics and sea-bed mapping instruments constitute accurate alternatives for some sub-sea applications. 相似文献
15.
We study the reaction of a global ocean–sea ice model to an increase of fresh water input into the northern North Atlantic under different surface boundary conditions, ranging from simple restoring of surface salinity to the use of an energy balance model (EBM) for the atmosphere. The anomalous fresh water flux is distributed around Greenland, reflecting increased melting of the Greenland ice sheet and increasing fresh water export from the Arctic Ocean. Depending on the type of surface boundary condition, the large circulation reacts with a slow-down of overturning and gyre circulations. Restoring of the total or mean surface salinity prevents a large scale redistribution of the salinity field that is apparent under mixed boundary conditions and with the EBM. The control run under mixed boundary conditions exhibits large and unrealistic oscillations of the meridional overturning. Although the reaction to the fresh water flux anomaly is similar to the response with the EBM, mixed boundary conditions must thus be considered unreliable. With the EBM, the waters in the deep western boundary current initially become saltier and a new fresh water mass forms in the north-eastern North Atlantic in response to the fresh water flux anomaly around Greenland. After an accumulation period of several decades duration, this new North East Atlantic Intermediate Water spreads towards the western boundary and opens a new southward pathway at intermediate depths along the western boundary for the fresh waters of high northern latitudes. 相似文献
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17.
B. Shuttleworth A. Woidt T. Paparella S. Herbig D. Walker 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,64(4):131
Australia's largest river, the River Murray, discharges to the southern ocean through a coastal lagoon and river-dominated tidal inlet. Increased water extractions upstream for irrigation have led to significantly reduced flows at the mouth and, as a result, the area is undergoing rapid change, particularly with regard to the rate at which sediment is being transported into the lagoon. Based on detailed and accurate bathymetric surveys it has been possible to estimate that the rate of lagoon in-filling is of the order of 100,000 m3 per year for the period June 2000 to May 2003, although the actual rate shows significant year to year variability. Dredging of the lagoon commenced in 2000 in an attempt to reverse the trend.In an effort to understand the behaviour of the inlet a one-dimensional numerical model of the inlet has been developed. The model extends the original of van de Kreeke by including a dynamic inlet throat area based on predicted river flows and a sediment transport module to predict the resulting net sediment transport. Comparisons with water level data collected on both the ocean and lagoon sides of the mouth have shown that the model is able to predict the attenuation and lag of the tidal signal reasonably well. The sediment transport model was based on predicted sediment concentrations in the surf zone and was found to predict the rate of sediment in-filling to an acceptable level of accuracy. It is envisaged that the model will be a useful management tool, especially since it is possible to manipulate river discharges to the mouth. 相似文献
18.
Variations of the Kuroshio Axis South of Kyushu in Relation to the Large Meander of the Kuroshio 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The characteristics of the Kuroshio axis south of Kyushu, which meanders almost sinusoidally, are clarified in relation to
the large meander of the Kuroshio by analyzing water temperature data during 1961–95 and sea level during 1984–95. The shape
of the Kuroshio axis south of Kyushu is classified into three categories of small, medium, and large amplitude of meander.
The small amplitude category occupies more than a half of the large-meander (LM) period, while the medium amplitude category
takes up more than a half of the non-large-meander (NLM) period. Therefore, the amplitude and, in turn, the curvature of the
Kuroshio axis is smaller on average during the LM period than the NLM period. The mean Kuroshio axis during the LM period
is located farther north at every longitude south of Kyushu than during the NLM period, with a slight difference west of the
Tokara Islands and a large difference to the east. A northward shift of the Kuroshio axis in particular east of the Tokara
Islands induces small amplitude and curvature of the meandering shape during the LM period. During the NLM period, the meandering
shape and position south of Kyushu change little with Kuroshio volume transport. In the LM formation stage, the variation
of the Kuroshio axis is small west of the Tokara Islands but large to the east due to a small meander of the Kuroshio. In
the LM decay stage, the Kuroshio meanders greatly south of Kyushu and is located stably near the coast southeast of Kyushu.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
在洋浦近岸海域计算潮流场基础上,计算预选排污口附近海水质点运动轨迹及预测污染物浓度分布,最后,从环保角度出发,推荐了洋浦地区各开发区的排污口位置,为洋浦近岸海域污染控制规划方案的制定及其优化提供了依据。 相似文献
20.