东南沿海地震带b值统计

本文讨论可信的历史地震资料和现代化仪器记录资料的统一使用问题。     

Evolutionary relationship between the γ-ray flares and millimeter wave outbursts in PKS 0528+134

During the period of 1991–1993 two strong high energy b3;-ray flares were observed by the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory in the flat spectrum radio source PKS 0528+134. They were associated with strong mm-radio outbursts with a few months time-delays. In this paper the spectral energy distributions (SED) of the radiations in the b3;-hand X-ray and the IR-optical bands are analysed. It is shown that the high energy b3;-ray radiation may be due to the inverse Compton scattering of the ambient UV and soft X-ray photons by the relativistic electrons in the jet. Basing on the comparison between the properties of the synchrotron radiation of the b3;-ray source and the spectral evolution of the mm-radio outbursts, the evolutional relationship between the b3;-ray emitting blobs and the mm-radio emitting blobs is discussed.     

The luminosity of γ-ray pulsars

We point out that in the polar cap model, the visible part is only part of the cap and this fact should be taken into account when calculating the pulsar luminosity. When this is done, the calculated luminosities are in basic agreement with the observed values. Based on our calculations we give a list of 12 possible b3;-ray candidates.     

Average attenuation of 0.7–5.0 Hz Lg waves and magnitude scale determination for the region bounding the western branch of the East African Rift

The investigation of L g attenuation characteristics in the region bounding the western branch of the East African rift system using digital recordings from a seismic network located along the rift between Lake Rukwa and Lake Malawi is reported. A set of 24 recordings of L g waves from 12 regional earthquakes has been used for the determination of anelastic attenuation, Q b>br> Lg br>b> , and regional body-wave magnitude, m b>br>b Lg br>b> , scale. The events used have body-wave magnitudes, m b>br>bbr>b> , between 4.6 and 5.5, which have been determined teleseismically and listed in ISC bulletins. The data were time-domain displacement amplitudes measured at 10 different frequencies (0.7–5.0  Hz). Q b>br> Lg br>b>and its frequency dependence, η , in the region can be represented in the form Q b>br> Lg br>b> = (186.2 ± 6.5)  f  ^{br>(0.78±0.05)br>}. This model is in agreement with models established in other active tectonic regions. The L g -wave-based magnitude formula for the region is given by m b>br>b Lg br>b> = log   A + (3.76 ± 0.38)  log   D − (5.72 ± 1.06), where A is a half-peak-to-peak maximum amplitude of the 1  s L g wave amplitude in microns and D is the epicentral distance in kilometres. Magnitude results for the 12 regional earthquakes tested are in good agreement with the ISC body-wave magnitude scale.     

海城地震余震活动的再研究

截止１９９５年４月，海城－营口地震区已发生ＭＬ≥３．６级余震４２５次。西方对余震ｂ值随时间的变化、余震时空发展的特点、大余震发生前后的余震特征等做了进一步研究，所得主要结果如下：（１）随着时间的推移，余震ｂ值逐渐增大，并趋于稳定。（２）今后仍有可能发生２－３次ＭＬ５．０级左右的余震。     

新疆测震台网历史监测能力及现状

文中计算了新疆从始建区域测震台网到１９９４年止主要几次变动的台网监测能力。总结出震级Ｍ＿Ｌ、震中距、周期和最大Ｓ波振辐之间的关系。最后又把新疆区域台网和新建的乌鲁木齐遥测台网组合到一起，展望了新疆测震台网未来的监测能力。     

地震活动性新指标η,c在综合概率预报中的应用

将近几年提出的地震活动性新指标η、ｃ及ｂ值直接用在地震综合概率预报中，经计算分析，效果较好。在利用地震活动性指标进行综合概率预报时应考虑实际的预报模式。这种模式就是不同的地区可能有不同的ｖ值范围。通过在不同ｖ值下计算结果的综合判别才可能得出较为正确的预报意见。作为例子，文末给出了新疆喀什地区的实际预报计算结果。     

Discharge and water table predictions using a generalised TOPMODEL formulation

A simple, generalized saturated zone formulation is presented in this paper to relax the assumption of an exponential function originally made in TOPMODEL. This saturated zone model is based on the concept of a ‘discharge:relative storage’ (QΔS) function which is derived empirically, using recession curve analysis, and may be of arbitrary form. The generalized formulation is applied to the Seternbekken MINIFELT catchment in Norway, where detailed distributed water table data have been measured. These water table data are used to suggest an empirical, power law modification of the topographic a/tan β index. Results for the simulation through time of discharges and water table depths at a few locations show that the generalized saturated zone formulation is as efficient a simulator of the observed data as a conventional TOPMODEL, but requires one parameter less to be calibrated. The simulation of detailed water table distributions is only approximate in both cases. The modified power law index shows only a small improvement but provides a basis for a discussion of possible sources of error in the TOPMODEL assumptions for this site. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Estimating past leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit from terrestrial plant δ13C

δ¹³C was determined in lignin extracted from present-day cladodes of Phyllocladus alpinus (a small coniferous tree) from seven well-lit sites across New Zealand. The δ¹³C values ranged from −30.9‰ to −23.6‰ and were compared with monthly means of temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and vapour pressure deficit from the nearest recording stations. Of these parameters, the leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit of the first month of cladode growth and expansion proved to be the most significantly correlated with lignin δ¹³C, over a range of 0.3 to 0.8 kPa, confirming the importance of atmospheric moisture content on stomatal conductance. The carbon isotopic signature of lignin from fossilised cladodes preserved under the Kawakawa Tephra (22.6 k ¹⁴C yr BP) on the North Island is identical to that of the whole tissue, suggesting that for this species at least, fossil material can be used to approximate the lignin δ¹³C. The δ¹³C of species- and organ-specific fossil terrestrial plant material therefore provides an excellent method to quantify past changes in leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地震活动性的定量化及其在地震中期预报中的应用

在分析描述地震活动性的各类参数的基础上,认为Ａ（ｂ）值可以较好地定量描述一个地区的地震活动增强和平静特征。作者用１９７２￣１９９６年期间华北地区地震资料进行Ａ（ｂ）值空间扫描。结果表明绝大部分中强以上地震前２￣３年,在未来震中周围出现较大范围Ａ（ｂ）值中期异常区域,有很好的预报效果。文中还就Ａ（ｂ）值进行中期预报的有关问题进行了讨论。