基于SPH-FEM耦合法的土体爆炸效应数值研究

岩土体爆炸破坏问题是岩土工程领域的研究热点,为开展小当量集团装药在不同埋置深度时的土中爆炸效应分析研究,在LS-DYNA框架内建立基于光滑粒子流体动力学-有限元耦合方法（SPH-FEM）的砂土地基爆炸效应分析模型。计算结果表明：浅埋装药时最大爆坑深度到达时刻远在最大爆坑直径之前,地基表层砂土体剪切流场对爆坑直径的发展具有决定性作用;随着药包埋置深度的增加存在一个临界爆坑直径,爆坑直径近似认为只与药包当量和埋置深度相关,经简化与经验假定之后得到的爆坑直径与埋药深度之比与比例距离近似呈直线关系;砂土中爆炸波在近区表现为强间断的冲击波形式,压缩作用是造成近区砂土大变形流动的主要因素,而在爆炸远区则转变为连续的应力波形式;土中爆炸波峰值压力随比例爆距的衰减规律与经验曲线基本一致。研究结果可以为地基工程的抗爆设计及加固提供参考。     

饱和黏弹性地基土中管桩纵向振动研究

用解析方法在频率域内研究考虑质量耦合效应的饱和黏弹性地基土中管桩的纵向振动特性。基于Biot理论,采用薄层法,推导得到饱和黏弹性地基土的位移、应力等的表达式。将管桩等效为一维弹性杆件处理。根据界面连续性条件,给出饱和黏弹性地基土中管桩的纵向振动一般分析方法和桩顶动力复刚度的表达式。在该基础上,对比分析饱和地基土中实心桩和管桩纵向振动特性。通过算例分析,考察桩周土和桩芯土的力学参数对桩顶刚度因子和等效阻尼的影响。研究表明,饱和黏弹性地基土中实心桩和管桩的纵向振动有明显的差异。     

可控震源的互补组合激发技术

在浅层地震勘探领域,便携式可控震源的研制和应用目前仍没有达到实用化水平,震源激发能量与便携性之间的相互制约一直是困扰人们的一个棘手问题。振动式可控震源采用扫频方式激发,具有良好的相关特性,但若要增加输出力必须以增大自身重量、牺牲便携性为代价;冲击式可控震源采用冲击序列方式激发,具有能量强的特点,但若要减小解码地震记录中的相关噪声,必须增加冲击序列的长度,从而增加了勘探施工成本。研究冲击式与振动式可控震源的互补组合激发技术,保持了冲击式可控震源在能量与便携性方面的优势,在不增加冲击序列长度的前提下降低了解码记录中的相关噪声。相关分析、频谱分析、地震数值模拟和实际地震实验的结果均证实了互补组合激发方法的有效性。     

A nonlinear vortex induced vibration model of marine risers

With the exploitation of oil and gas in deep water, the traditional vortex induced vibration (VIV) theory is challenged by the unprecedented flexibility of risers. A nonlinear time-dependent VIV model is developed in this paper based on a VIV lift force model and the Morison equation. Both the inline vibration induced by the flow due to vortex shedding and the fluid-structure interaction in the transverse direction are included in the model. One of the characteristics of the model is the response-dependent lift force with nonlinear damping, which is different from other VIV models. The calculations show that the model can well describe the VIV of deepwater risers with the results agreeing with those calculated by other models.     

波浪对泥沙作用的数值研究及在渤海区域的检验

针对渤海海域开展了波致底切应力对泥沙作用的数值估计。针对浅水条件,通过理想试验估算了波致底切应力对波流耦合底切应力的贡献。针对渤海大风过程,利用ECOMSED模式,通过波流耦合底边界层模型模拟了渤海区域的泥沙浓度,并利用遥感资料对表层泥沙浓度的数值模拟进行了检验。对比结果表明,考虑波浪作用的情况下,模拟结果在总体分布上得到明显的改善。在大风过程中波浪对0~20 m近岸区域的泥沙再悬浮起主导作用。     

考虑浮体升沉及张紧环运动深海立管固有振动特性研究

研究深海顶张力立管(TTR)的固有振动特性。通过考虑两种不同的分析模型,研究沿水深变化的轴力以及张紧环运动对于立管固有振动频率和振型的影响。考虑立管顶端动边界条件及立管轴力随水深变化,提出了计算深水顶张力立管固有振动频率的方法,给出考虑浮体升沉及张紧环运动时顶张力立管的固有振动特性。结果表明,考虑变轴力和张紧环的影响是计算立管固有频率需要考虑的;立管浮体的运动,导致立管频率显著变化,从而改变立管的共振特性。     

深水半潜式生产平台耦合动力特性对比研究

应用数值模拟与模型试验相结合的方法研究半潜式生产平台系泊状态下的耦合动力特性。建立耦合分析模型,时域内计算求解平台的动力响应,选取缩尺比为1∶60,采用等效截断模型方法对数值模拟结果进行验证。通过对比模型试验与数值模拟结果发现:等效截断系泊系统可以较好地模拟平台的位移响应,但在系泊张力方面却差异较大,此外极端海况下平台的甲板上浪问题也必须得到充分重视。     

耦合Schr(o)dinger方程组的一个高精度算法

对耦合Schr?dinger方程组提出1个线性差分格式并对其进行分析,证明格式保持原方程组的守恒律,证明格式依L2模稳定性和先验误差估计,对孤波碰撞的多种现象进行模拟,得到较为满意的结果.     

Seismic response of structures with coupled vertical stiffness–strength irregularities

Several seismic design codes around the world restrict the use of theit Equivalent Lateral Force analysis method to structures satisfying structural regularity limits. These regularity limits are based on engineering judgement and lack quantitative justification. One common irregularity is that of a change in vertical stiffness over the building height. This stiffness irregularity is almost always associated with a change in vertical strength over the building height. For this reason, the effect of various realistic combinations of stiffness–strength irregularity in shear‐type buildings is evaluated to quantify regularity limits. Structures analysed had 3, 5, 9 and 15 storeys, and the floor mass at all the levels were kept the same. Both regular and irregular structures were designed in accordance with the Equivalent Lateral Force procedure to produce the same engineering demand parameter. Structural ductility factors of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6, and target (design) interstorey drift ratios ranging between 0.5 and 3%, were used in this study. The irregular structures were created by modifying specific storey lateral stiffnesses from that of the regular structure. Strengths at these storeys were also modified to ensure realistic relationships between stiffness and strength. The modified structures were then redesigned until the target interstorey drift ratio was achieved at the critical storey. Inelastic dynamic time‐history analysis was conducted to compare the maximum interstorey drift ratio demands of the regular and irregular structures. Simple equations were developed to estimate possible variations in demand due to vertical stiffness–strength irregularity applied at critical locations in structures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Shaking table test of the effects of multi‐unit particle dampers attached to an MDOF system under earthquake excitation

This paper presents the results of an experimental and analytical/computational study of the performance of multi‐unit particle dampers with an MDOF system. A series of shaking table tests of a three‐storey steel frame with the particle damper system were carried out to evaluate the performance of the system and to verify the analysis method. An analytical solution based on the discrete element method is also presented. A comparison between the experimental and computational results shows that reasonably accurate estimates of the response of a primary system under earthquake excitations can be obtained. These results also indicate that the excitation characterization influences the performance of the particle damper system, for example, particle dampers have good performance in reducing the seismic response of structures and particle movements of plug flow pattern can yield good vibration attenuation effects. It is shown that by using properly designed multi‐unit particle dampers, a lightly damped primary system can achieve a reasonable reduction in its response, with a small weight penalty. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.