车辆荷载作用下隔震沟隔震效率影响因素分析

基于动力学基本方程,运用有限单元法（FEM）和Newmark隐式积分方法,对隔震沟对车辆荷载（FWD荷载）引起的地基振动的隔震效率的影响因素进行了弹塑性数值分析。考虑到人工边界上波反射对计算结果的影响,分别用有限单元和半无限单元离散计算区域内部和边界,分析中主要考虑了隔震沟的位置、深度、宽度三个主要影响因素,基于计算结果总结出其影响规律。     

抗浮锚杆应力-应变状态的线弹性理论分析

假定抗浮锚杆各部分贡献的位移与锚杆轴力均呈线弹性关系,运用力学原理分析锚杆轴力与锚侧摩阻力、锚-土变形之间的相互关系,推导出锚杆的摩阻力、轴力及各部分变形与锚杆各参数的相互关系。实例验证结果表明：基于线弹性模型基础上建立的摩阻力、轴力和位移公式能够较好地描述垂向抗浮锚杆在弹性变形阶段的内力和变形形态;获得了抗浮锚杆摩阻力和剪切位移沿锚固长度的分布规律;证实了锚土界面处变形为土层抗浮锚杆变形的主要部分。     

Automatic generation of the axial lines of urban environments to capture what we perceive

Based on the concepts of isovists and medial axes, we developed a set of algorithms that can automatically generate axial lines for representing individual linearly stretched parts of open space of an urban environment. Open space is the space between buildings where people can freely move around. The generation of the axial lines has been a key aspect of space syntax research, conventionally relying on hand-drawn axial lines of an urban environment, often called axial map, for urban morphological analysis. Although various attempts have been made towards an automatic solution, few of them can produce the axial map that consists of the least number of longest visibility lines, and none of them really works for different urban environments. Our algorithms provide a better solution than existing ones. Throughout this article, we have also argued and demonstrated that the axial lines constitute a true skeleton, superior to medial axes, in capturing what we perceive about the urban environment.     

基于GNSS-RTK的在建超高层风载动态变形监测

首先以海星达H32全能型GNSS-RTK接收机为试验仪器,进行不同星系组合的RTK定位精度试验研究。然后以在建的天津高银117大厦为监测对象,采用GPS+GLONASS+BDS三星系组合对其进行现场强风作用下的RTK动态变形监测。利用巴特沃斯滤波对实测数据进行去噪处理,得到各测点的位移曲线。分析结果表明:GPS单星系定位的平面坐标精度相对较差,双星系组合定位的平面坐标精度与三星系组合定位的平面坐标精度基本相当,但GPS+GLONASS+BDS三星系组合定位的稳定性和可靠性最强;由于施工阶段大厦结构的刚度和整体性与竣工后存在差异,故在强风作用下其按一定施工步距滞后的低矮外框的振动位移幅度大于其高耸内筒结构的振动位移幅度;大厦外框和内筒均存在横风向振动位移,且横风向振动位移与顺风向振动位移的大小相近;监测环境对监测结果有着一定的影响,66层各点的监测值误差要大于95层各点的监测值误差。     

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黏弹性地基中PCC桩扭转振动响应解析方法研究

考虑土体材料的黏性阻尼和桩-土扭转耦合振动,把桩看作一维杆,将土体视作三维轴对称黏弹性介质,对黏弹性地基中现浇混凝土大直径管桩（简称PCC桩）扭转振动频域特性进行了理论研究,采用Laplace变换和分离变量的方法求得了桩顶扭转频域响应解析解。将所得解完全退化到实心桩的解,并与经典平面应变解进行对比,验证了解析解的合理性。分析了桩长以及土体黏性阻尼系数对桩顶速度导纳和复动刚度的影响,得到了各参数对桩扭转振动特性影响的规律。分析表明：桩周土黏性阻尼系数增大可以显著提高桩顶扭转复动刚度和减小速度导纳振荡幅值,而桩芯土黏性阻尼系数的影响不明显;桩长越长,桩顶复动刚度越大,速度导纳振荡幅值越小,但当桩长增大到一定程度时,再继续增加桩长,桩顶复动刚度基本没有改变。     

Analysis of Blast Vibration Characteristics Across a Trench and a Pre-Split Plane

This paper presents the influence of various discontinuities, natural or artificial, on magnitude and frequencies of blast induced ground vibrations. These discontinuities were geological faults, a pond, a shaft incline, a trench and a pre-split plane interposed in the path of vibration propagation. In the post-trench region, ground vibrations in terms of peak particle velocity were significantly reduced and dominant frequencies in higher bands were consequently observed. Depth of trench with respect to blastholes were varied and consequent vibration characteristics were analyzed. The techniques of creating a trench and pre-split plane were successfully implemented in controlling vibration and in increasing the explosives charge to meet the scheduled production target of an opencast mine. Comparisons of ground vibration characteristics affected by a trench and a pre-split plane of the same depth are described in the text. The findings lead to the conclusion that such experimental data are necessary for production blasting in open cast mines under constrained conditions.     

安徽五河地区天井湖铅金矿床原生晕地球化学特征

系统采集安徽五河地区天井湖铅金矿床16个钻孔的岩石、矿石样品,选择钻孔数量较多、矿体连续性较好的90勘探线为研究对象,绘制原生晕地球化学剖面图,建立了5个铅金矿体的原生晕轴向分带序列,结合相关指示元素的分布规律,对铅金矿体的深部延伸进行预测。通过研究,总结出矿床前缘晕元素为As,主成矿元素为Au、Pb,尾晕元素为Bi。根据矿体原生晕特征和相关指示元素的分布规律,推测该矿床为多期成矿的中低温热液矿床,预测Ⅰ号和4号矿体的延伸方向及ZK9004、ZK9006孔深部As异常的延伸方向有盲矿体存在。     

地铁列车振动作用下近距离平行隧道的弹塑性动力响应

利用有限元数值方法,对地铁列车振动荷载作用下近距离平行隧道结构的二维弹塑性动力响应进行模拟,分析了单列列车荷载以及双列列车荷载作用下土体-隧道结构体系的加速度和内力响应时程曲线。研究表明,列车动力荷载作用下的内力值要比无列车荷载作用下的内力值有较大程度的增加;在单列列车荷载作用下,另一相邻平行隧道的加速度响应、弯矩、轴力峰值要比列车运行所在隧道相应点处的响应值要小;在双列列车荷载作用下隧道结构体系动力响应值要比单列列车荷载作用下的动力响应值有显著增加。     

爆破振动下围岩支护锚杆动力响应解析解

为了研究爆破掘进施工对巷道支护锚杆的影响,采用结构动力学理论,从理论上推导出了锚杆在爆破地震波作用下的振动规律,计算出锚杆上的位移、振速、轴力随时间的变化,研究了黏结式锚杆在爆破动荷载作用下的动力响应特征。结果表明：自由段锚杆的轴力和轴向振速呈现指数型衰减,而锚固段锚杆的轴力和轴向振速以及剪应力呈现正弦变化,整体表现为先增大后减小。锚固长度对锚杆振动效应影响较大,不同锚固长度时锚杆受力状态不同,在锚杆满足抗拉强度的前提下,可以适当减小锚固段长度。剪切刚度对锚杆的振动有一定的影响,剪切刚度越大,锚杆与锚固砂浆之间的剪应力也越大。故为了防止锚杆不发生剪切破坏,尽量选择剪切刚度较小的锚固剂材料。研究成果对掘进爆破安全技术的提高具有一定的指导意义。