沉积盆地成岩作用系统及其时空属性

含油气盆地的勘探开发对认识沉积成岩作用和储层发育规律提出了很高的要求。然而,迄今为止沉积学家和石油工程师还很难如认识沉积过程及其结构那样认识盆地尺度或宏观尺度上成岩作用的时空分带。为此,本文探讨了成岩作用类型的时空属性和主控因素等理论问题,提出了成岩系统分级（类）的有关准则,试图以此探索成岩作用时空分布与演变研究的新思路。结合中国东、西部有关中-新生代沉积盆地实例分析,阐述了盆地域（尺度）、层序域、亚层序域、层内域等成岩作用系统的客观存在,并对盆地域、层序域成岩作用系统动力学研究的思路和方法作了进一步阐释。在盆地尺度上成岩作用的时空分布主要与盆地大地构造位置及其控制的温压场、物源、剥蚀-搬运气候背景、埋藏历史、水文体制叠置方式密切关联：层序域成岩作用系统的时空分异则主要取决于埋藏深度、层序结构与宏观物理-化学障、沉积体系（配置）、水文体制。研究认为,成岩系统的层次分析是认识不同类型沉积盆地成岩结构的重要基础,而对于确定的盆地类型而言,盆地尺度水文体制与流体-岩石相互作用研究是解析成岩作用时空属性的关键。成岩系统研究目前还面临许多关键问题亟待解决,如成岩系统及其边界奈件的划分;成岩作用系统关键要素及其制约机制的厘定;盆地尺度上精细构造演化和温压历史恢复;盆地流体属性和活动期次的准确鉴别;盆地尺度上成岩作用数值模拟和动力学过程研究。     

基于支持向量机分类的嘉陵江草街水库甲藻水华预警

嘉陵江草街水库自建成后2011-2013年连续3年发生甲藻水华现象,给当地经济发展和生态安全带来影响.根据2011年5月至2013年7月草街水库大坝上、下游8个断面的逐月调查数据,利用支持向量机在处理小样本问题、非线性分类问题和泛化推广方面的优势,构建了基于支持向量机分类的草街水库甲藻水华预警模型.结果表明,利用本月理化数据和本月倪氏拟多甲藻(Peridiniopsis niei)密度数据建立的模型,对测试样本取得了80%以上的判别正确率,且对甲藻水华样本的判别正确率为100%.因此,支持向量机作为新兴的机器学习方法,可以为环境管理部门发布水华预警信息提供科学依据,并在环境保护领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

An interdisciplinary approach to reservoir characterisation; an example from the early to middle Eocene Kaimiro Formation,Taranaki Basin,New Zealand

The Kaimiro Formation is an early to middle Eocene, NE-SW trending reservoir fairway in Taranaki Basin, and comprises a range of coastal plain through to shallow marine facies. A time of regional transgression is observed across the Paleocene–Eocene transition, which is linked to a general global warming trend and to regional thermal relaxation-related subsidence in New Zealand. The earliest Eocene transgressive deposits pass upwards into a series of cyclically stacked packages, interpreted as 3rd and 4th order sequences. Maximum regression occurred within the early Eocene and was followed by punctuated retrogradational stacking patterns associated with shoreline retreat and subsequent regional transgression in the middle Eocene.The Kaimiro Formation is considered a good reservoir target along most of the reservoir fairway, which can largely be attributed to a consistently quartz-rich, lithic-poor composition and reasonably coarse sand grain size. Correlations demonstrate that within the early Eocene the main reservoir facies are channel-fill sandstones overlying candidate sequence boundaries in paleoenvironmentally landward (proximal) settings, and upper shoreface/shoreline sandstones in relatively basinward (distal) settings. Middle Eocene reservoir facies are not represented in distal wells due to overall transgression at this time, yet they form a significant target in more proximal well locations, particularly on the Taranaki Peninsula.Depositional facies is one of the principal controls on sandstone reservoir quality. However, while reservoir facies have been proven along the length of the reservoir fairway, it is evident that diagenesis has significantly impacted sandstone quality. Relatively poor reservoir properties are predicted for deeply buried parts of the basin (maximum burial >4.5 km) due to severe compaction and relatively abundant authigenic quartz and illite. In contrast, good reservoir properties are locally represented in reservoir facies where present-day burial depths are <4 km due to less severe compaction, cementation and illitisation. Within these beds (<4 km) the presence of locally occurring authigenic grain-coating chlorite (shallow marine facies) and/or well-developed secondary porosity are both favourable to reservoir quality, while pervasive kaolinite and/or carbonate are both detrimental to reservoir quality.These results illustrate how an interdisciplinary approach to regional reservoir characterisation are used to help reduce risk during prospect evaluation. Assessment of both reservoir distribution and quality is necessary and can be undertaken through integrated studies of facies, sequence stratigraphy, burial modelling and petrography.     

三峡水库十年生态调度(2011—2020年)期间下游沙市江段产漂流性卵鱼类自然繁殖变化

2011—2020年,三峡水库共开展了14次促进坝下江段四大家鱼自然繁殖的生态调度试验,于每年5—7月在长江中游沙市江段开展鱼类早期资源调查研究,旨在掌握生态调度实施以来产漂流性卵鱼类自然繁殖的响应变化,评估生态调度对长江中游鱼类自然繁殖的贡献。十年间共采集到鱼卵35种,其中典型产漂流性卵鱼类有25种,主要种类包括贝氏?(Hemiculter bleekeri)、鯿(Parabraims pekinensis、银鮈(Squalidus argentatus)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)和花斑副沙鳅(Parabotia fasciata);鱼卵群落多样性指数H、均匀度指数E和稳定性指数ICV在年际间呈现先降低后升高的变化趋势,优势度指数D恰好相反,变化拐点出现在2017年,表明2017年以来群落多样性趋于增加,群落结构趋于稳定;产漂流性卵鱼类繁殖规模总体呈先减少后增加变化,有8个类群的繁殖规模逐年增加,鱼类繁殖高峰频次逐渐升高,大规模繁殖出现的时段逐渐延长...     

大型深水贫营养水库——新丰江水库浮游动物群落分析

新丰江水库是位于广东省境内的一座大型深水贫营养水库.为了解这一典型贫营养水体的浮游动物群落特征,于2002-2003年对该水库的轮虫和浮游甲壳动物进行了研究.新丰江水库的浮游动物主要为广布性种类,优势类群是桡足类,其幼体的数量高于成体,优势种为舌状叶镖水蚤、温中剑水蚤和微小近剑水蚤.枝角类优势种是长额象鼻溞、短尾秀体溞和角突网纹溞.轮虫优势种为个体较小的螺形龟甲轮虫和彩胃轮虫.优势种的个体体长为50-1450 μm,个体最大的是舌状叶镖水蚤,平均体长为1190 μm,个体最小的是彩胃轮虫,平均体长为80 μm.在12月份,可能由于银鱼的摄食强度较高,导致大个体(主要为舌状叶镖水蚤及其大个体的哲水蚤幼体)的数量和生物量较低.在其余3个采样月份,浮游动物受银鱼影响相对较小,舌状叶镖水蚤的数量和生物量均远高于透明溞,可能与它们临界食物浓度及滤食方式的差异有关.根据对优势种的分析,新丰江水库的浮游动物群落具有典型的贫营养水体特点.     

Application of the Double-difference Relocation Method Combined with Waveform Cross-correlation on the Three Gorges Reservoir Seismicity

In this paper, we use the double difference location method based on waveform cross-correlation algorithm for precise positioning of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) earthquakes and analysis of seismic activity. First, we use the bi-spectrum cross-correlation method to analyze the seismic waveform data of TGR encrypted networks from March, 2009 to December, 2010, and evaluate the quality of waveform cross-correlation analysis. Combined with the waveform cross-correlation of data obtained, we use the double difference method to relocate the earthquake position. The results show that location precision using bi-spectrum verified waveform cross-correlation data is higher than that by using other types of data, and the mean 2 sig-error in EW, NS and UD are 3.2m, 3.9m and 6.2m, respectively. For the relocation of the Three Gorges Reservoir earthquakes, the results show that the micro-earthquakes along the Shenlongxi river in the Badong reservoir area obviously show the characteristics of three linear zones with nearly east-west direction, which is in accordance with the small faults and carbonate strata line of the neo-tectonic period, revealing the reservoir water main along the underground rivers or caves permeated and induced seismic activity.The stronger earthquakes may have resulted from small earthquakes through the active layers.     

三峡库区蓄水运行前后水土流失时空变化模拟及分析

利用三峡库区水土流失预测模型和250m的MODIS-NDVI数据,模拟三峡库区蓄水运行前后水土流失时空变化,结果表明:三峡库区2000-2008年水土流失波动较大,总体上水土流失面积、总量和强度都旱减弱趋势,2006-2008年年均水土流失总量和面积分别比2000-2002年减少4.10×106t和1129.6km2;...     

流动单元研究进展

提高油藏描述的精度、确定剩余油的分布、改善开发效果的关键是认识油藏的非均质性。介绍了一种研究油藏非均质性的新方法——流动单元研究方法的国内、国外研究进展及流动单元的概念、各种研究方法和流动单元研究的应用,并提出了针对大型陆相油田、非均质性较强的储层流动单元划分方法设想。     

松辽盆地中央坳陷及邻区三维地热地质建模与地热资源靶区优选

三维地热地质建模能够直观反映地质体温度场分布格局, 有助于圈定地热资源有利靶区。本文利用地球物理及钻孔资料、岩石热物性数据对松辽盆地中央坳陷区进行三维地质建模及温度场模拟, 通过钻孔测温和实测大地热流数据, 验证了地热地质模型的可靠性。结果表明, 中央坳陷在1.0~4.0 km深度的温度分别为30.3℃~62.8℃、68.2℃~120.2℃、110.5℃~166.7℃、158.4℃~214.2℃。4.0 km深度内地温梯度介于36.9℃/km~57.4℃/km之间, 平均地温梯度为48.4℃/km。嫩江组、姚家组二段-三段、青山口组二段-三段和泉三段-四段4套主力热储底板温度分别介于15.8℃~71.4℃、23.6℃~88.6℃、31.8℃~107.4℃和48.9℃~133.4℃, 其中华字井阶地、大庆长垣、宾县王府凹陷为热储温度高值区。研究区现今地温场主要受基底起伏的控制, 基底和沉积层热导率的差异引起的热流"折射"效应促进了浅部热量的再分配, 形成了凹凸相间的地温场分布格局; 此外, 断裂构造对地温场高异常区的分布也有显著影响。结合热源、通道和储盖组合特征, 圈定大庆长垣中部地区泉头组三段-四段为松辽盆地中央坳陷地热资源开发有利靶区。     

三峡库区重庆段水土流失的时空格局特征

Soil and water loss has been the most serious eco-environmental problem in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing. In this paper the authors studied the spatiotemporal features of soil and water loss from 1999 to 2004 based on RS and GIS techniques. The results showed that: (1) The soil and water loss area decreased from 1999 to 2004. (2) Soil and water loss mainly exists in purple soil, yellow soil, limestone soil, paddy soil and yellow brown soil distributed areas. (3) The dry slope land and sparse woodland that are intensively influenced by human activities experienced most serious soil and water loss. (4) Soil and water loss in the study area indicated an obvious vertical differentiation characteristic. (5) There is a significant correlation between soil and water loss and slope. (6) There is no obvious correlation between soil and water loss and aspect. (7) Soil and water loss mainly exists in the values of R between 300 and 340 distribution area. The very-high soil and water loss has obvious correlation with R. Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40801077; Science & Technology Research Project Supported by Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, No.KJ070811; Doctoral Fund of Chongqing Normal University, No.06XLB004; Project by Chongqing Water Conservancy Bureau Author: Li Yuechen (1974–), Ph.D and Associate Professor, specialized in the study of remote sensing application and land use/land cover change.