三峡库区（重庆段）城镇化综合水平评价与战略选择

随着三峡水库成功蓄水,百万移民宣告结束,各项事业百业待兴。重庆三峡库区生态环境要求标准高,库区农村人口数量多,就现阶段和未来很长的一个时期内加快重庆三峡库区城镇化进程,不失为一条保护库区生态环境和解决库区移民就业的有效途径。以人口、经济、城镇建设和生活质量为基础指标,建立城镇化评价指标体系,运用主成分分析法对城镇化综合水平进行评价,将重庆三峡库区15个区县城镇化综合水平划分成四种类型。结果表明：城镇化综合水平在空间上呈现出＂西高东低＂的格局。最后以劳动地域分工理论为原则,分析城镇化动力机制,确定未来一阶段城镇化重点战略。     

基于遥感技术的三峡库区土壤侵蚀量评估及影响因子分析

基于遥感和地理信息系统技术,利用修正通用土壤流失方程对三峡库区的土壤侵蚀进行定量评估,并进一步分别利用MODIS、TRMM遥感数据对其变化影响的主要因子植被覆盖和降雨侵蚀力变化进行了分析.结果表明:2005年土壤侵蚀总量为11 979.19×104t,平均土壤侵蚀模数为2 087 t/(km2·a),与2000年土壤侵蚀模数2 381 t/(km2·a)相比,减少了294 t/(km2·a).库区东部长江两岸大部分地区植被出现增长趋势,位于研究区边缘附近植被变化不明显;库区降雨侵蚀力总体呈增加趋势,同时降雨侵蚀力年际变化存在较明显的空间差异性.     

The Influence of Seasonal Changes and Headwaters on Physico-chemical Dynamics of Temengor Reservoir, Malaysia

A study on physico-chemical dynamics of Temengor Reservoir was conducted to determine whether headwaters and seasonal changes play a major role in regulating physico-chemical dynamics of Temengor Reservoir. Temengor Reservoir receives water from its surrounding water catchments and headwaters. Then, the water flows into a series of hydroelectric dams, namely the Bersia, Kenering and Chenderoh dams. Generally, water quality in Temengor Reservoir can be classified as Class I. Physico-chemical trends showed that water quality in euphotic zone of Temengor Reservoir is stable and consistent. Two-way ANOVA analyses showed that seasonal variations only affected water temperature, Secchi disc’s depth and nitrate-nitrogen. Based on Tukey’s post-hoc test, all three headwaters in this study exert no influence to the reservoir’s water quality. These insignificant differences were probably due to water temperature and the size of the headwaters and the reservoir itself. In situ parameters profiling showed that the epilimnion zone in Temengor Reservoir is from the surface to 6 m depth, the metalimnion zone is from 6 m to 12 m depth and the hypolimnion zone is from 12 m depth onwards to the bottom of the reservoir. Thus, continuous water profiling monitoring that covers high and low water levels need to be conducted to determine characteristics of the physico-chemical dynamics in the water column and also to analyse changes in reservoir layers. Through these studies, discontinuity trends in the Perak River could be determined and suggestions to the respective agencies could be made to conserve and to sustain downstream biodiversity.     

卡拉高莱斯油田U油组储层特征及其评价

以取心井的毛管压力曲线等分析资料为基础 ,结合储层物性测井参数解释结果 ,对卡拉高莱斯油田U油组储层从岩性组成、物性特征、孔隙类型及孔隙结构、非均质性等方面进行了综合评价。认为该储层为一套中高孔、中高渗储层 ,其物性主要受沉积微相、粒度中值、泥质含量等因素影响 ,其层内、层间和平面非均质性均较强。     

油气成藏年代学研究进展及发展趋势

成藏年代学是当代石油地质学的一个前沿领域。80年代以来，随着油藏地球化学、流体包裹体方法、同位素测年法、油气水界面追溯法等多种新方法或新技术的引入，成藏年代学研究取得了重要进展，实现了由传统的间接向直接研究、宏观向微观研究，以及定性向定量（或定期向定年）研究的重要转变。间接研究与直接研究相结合、宏观与微观研究相结合、定性与定量（或定期与定年）研究相结合，已成为现代成藏年代学研究发展的重要趋势，这对于叠合盆地的成藏年代与成藏史研究尤为必要。就各种成藏年代学研究方法的应用及其存在的问题进行了简要分析和讨论。     

Multi-tier interactive genetic algorithms for the optimization of long-term reservoir operation

Genetic algorithms (GAs) are well known optimization methods. However, complicated systems with high dimensional variables, such as long-term reservoir operation, usually prevent the methods from reaching optimal solutions. This study proposes a multi-tier interactive genetic algorithm (MIGA) which decomposes a complicated system (long series) into several small-scale sub-systems (sub-series) with GA applied to each sub-system and the multi-tier (key) information mutually interacts among individual sub-systems to find the optimal solution of long-term reservoir operation. To retain the integrity of the original system, over the multi-tier architecture, an operation strategy is designed to concatenate the primary tier and the allocation tiers by providing key information from the primary tier to the allocation tiers when initializing populations in each sub-system. The Shihmen Reservoir in Taiwan is used as a case study. For comparison, three long-term operation results of a sole GA search and a simulation based on the reservoir rule curves are compared with that of MIGA. The results demonstrate that MIGA is far more efficient than the sole GA and can successfully and efficiently increase the possibility of achieving an optimal solution. The improvement rate of fitness values increases more than 25%, and the computation time dramatically decreases 80% in a 20-year long-term operation case. The MIGA with the flexibility of decomposition strategies proposed in this study can be effectively and suitably used in long-term reservoir operation or systems with similar conditions.     

Intensive Observation of Reservoirinduced Seismicity and Preliminary Analysis on the Causes of Earthquakes in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,Yangtze River

In accordance with the requirements of the National Key Technology R&D Program of the 11th "Five-year Plan",a densified seismic network consisting of 26 seismic stations was established at the Three Gorges Reservoir area in the section of Hubei Province in March 2009(21 short-period seismographs,5 broadband digital seismographs).From March to December,2009,a total of 2,995 ML-0.8~2.9 earthquakes were detected during the trial impounding of the Three Gorges Reservoir(water level rose from 145 m to 172.8m).Using the double difference earthquake location algorithm,2,837 earthquakes were precisely re-located.The results show that the pattern of small local earthquake swarms in the Three Gorges Reservoir area took on a linear distribution or mass-like cluster distribution,the mass-like clusters of events were generally within a distance of 5 km from waterfront,and the linear distribution of the earthquakes could be extended to a distance of 16 km away from the waterfront.In the Hubei section of the Three Gorges Reservoir,earthquakes were mainly concentrated in the northern end of the Xiannvshan and Jiuwanxi faults near the Xiangxihe River,and along the banks of the Yangtze River at the west of Xietan township and the Shenlongxi area on the northern bank in the Badong region,with focal depths less than 10km,and 4km in average.Earthquake frequency in the reservoir region had a positive correlation with reservoir water level fluctuations,indicating that the seismicity belongs to reservoir induced earthquakes.Along the Shenlong River in the reservoir area,earthquakes showed three linear distributions in the northern Badong county,and distributed according to Karst distribution.There are underground rivers in the carbonate strata.When the reservoir was impounded,water permeated into the underground rivers,thus inducing earthquakes.Earthquakes in the areas on the cross-river segment of Xiannvshan fault,the Jiuwanxi fault and at the areas west of Xietan,Shazhen and Xizhen,may be related to the softening of discontinuities,such as the Nukou fault,the Xiannvshan fault,or the bedding joints,which would lead to failure of rock masses,thus,inducing earthquakes.However,convincing conclusions about the triggering mechanism still need further study.Additionally,near the areas south of Wenhua and Yanglin of Zigui county and at Rangkou town east of Badong county,mining-induced earthquakes occurred at the mines nearby,and on the shores of the reservoir are some collapse earthquakes.     

孔隙结构对低渗-特低渗砂岩储层渗流特征的影响段储层为例——以鄂尔多斯盆地东部上古生界盒8段储层为例

通过铸体薄片显微镜下观察、孔喉图像、毛细管压力、恒速压汞、气水相对渗透率、核磁共振等多种分析实验手段,研究了鄂尔多斯盆地东部上古生界盒8段低孔、低渗-特低渗砂岩储层的微观孔隙结构和渗流特征,探讨了孔隙结构对储层渗流特征的影响。结果表明,孔隙结构特征是影响低孔、低渗-特低渗砂岩储集性能与渗流特征的主要因素。而砂岩的孔隙结构特征主要受砂岩原生矿物组合与成岩演化过程及其产物的控制,盒8段各砂岩类型由于其矿物成分不同导致孔隙结构的差异,也是各砂岩类型储集性能与渗流能力存在差别的直接原因。在孔隙结构参数中,喉道的大小、有效孔隙与喉道的体积及其连通性是决定储层储集与渗流能力的关键。大孔喉对储层渗流能力的贡献更大,中-小孔喉则对储集能力的贡献相对较高。微裂缝是除孔隙结构以外影响砂岩储集性能与渗流特征的重要因素。     

浅水湖盆三角洲储层构型模式探讨

针对浅水湖盆三角洲储层构型模式研究的不足,在考察鄱阳湖现代浅水湖盆三角洲沉积和解剖扶余油田扶余油层古代浅水湖盆三角洲储层构型的基础上,综合应用卫星照片、岩心、测井等资料,建立了浅水湖盆三角洲平原分流河道和三角洲前缘水下分流河道的沉积构型模式。研究结果表明:浅水湖盆三角洲主要发育三角洲平原上部曲流型分流河道、三角洲平原下部顺直型分流河道和三角洲前缘顺直型水下分流河道3种砂体类型,曲流型分流河道主要为侧积的点砂坝沉积构型模式,顺直型分流河道主要为垂积的心滩坝沉积构型模式,顺直型水下分流河道主要为垂积的分流砂坝沉积构型模式。同时从沉积亚相、砂体几何形态、夹层倾向及倾角、废弃河道、决口扇、粒度分析等几个方面总结了不同类型的分流河道及水下分流河道砂体的判别标志,为浅水湖盆三角洲储层内部构型及地质建模研究工作奠定了基础。     

准噶尔盆地中-东部石炭系火山岩储集空间特征研究

通过岩心观察、显微鉴定、扫描分析和成像测井等对准噶尔盆地火山岩油气储层的储集空间进行系统分类并分析其组合特征。结果表明,准噶尔盆地火山岩储层的储集空间可划分为原生孔隙、次生孔隙和裂缝3大类,进一步可细分出4种原生孔隙、5种次生孔隙和4种裂缝。其中,次生孔隙和裂缝对火山岩储集性能的改善具关键作用;储集空间组合类型包括构造缝-溶蚀缝-溶孔组合、原生气孔-构造缝-溶蚀缝-溶蚀孔组合和晶间孔-原生孔-构造缝-溶蚀孔组合等3种类型;孔缝组合整体表现为类型多样、形态各异、结构复杂、分布不均、连通性差、裂缝改善明显等特点。