鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾区块延长组长81储层成岩作用特征及其对储集物性的影响

鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾区块上三叠统延长组长81储层具有成分成熟度低,结构成熟度中等到好的特点,岩性以岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主.长81砂岩属于特低孔特低渗储层,以次生溶蚀粒间孔为主要储集空间.目前储层正处于中成岩阶段A期,主要发育压实、胶结、溶解和交代4种成岩作用类型.机械压实作用是造成长81储层埋深小于2000 m砂岩...     

三峡澎溪河水域CO2与CH4年总通量估算

以2010年6月~2011年5月三峡澎溪河回水区CO₂与CH₄通量监测数据为基础,参考澎溪河高阳平湖水域全年4次的24 h昼夜连续跟踪观测结果,对每月各采样点的日通量值进行估算。提出了水下地形划分法和环境因素控制法,将各采样点日通量数据外延至整个回水区水域,并估算了澎溪河回水区水域CO₂与CH₄年总通量值。研究期间,澎溪河回水区全年各采样点CO₂通量均值为(3.05±0.46)mmol/(m2·h);CH₄为(0.050 1±0.009 6)mmol/(m2·h)。以水下地形法为基础,该水域全年CO₂和CH₄总通量分别为40 060.5 t和540.9 t;以环境因素控制法为基础,全年CO₂与CH₄总通量分别为39 073.0 t和467.2 t。以环境要素控制法为参考,该水域CO₂全年平均释放强度为43.26 mmol/(m2·d),在全球水库数据序列中处于中等略偏高水平,CH₄全年平均释放强度为1.42 mmol/(m2·d),在全球水库序列中处于中等水平。     

山区的山地经济协同开发研究——以重庆市三峡库区为例

山区是生态环境和经济社会发展问题集中的区域。以国家有关资源型城市发展、重庆市近年来区域经济城乡统筹发展、三峡库区治理贯彻实施的大政方针为宏观背景,以三峡库区山地资源系统开发为个案,并将该区域资源状况进行统计学意义上的分析综合,从具体到抽象,再从抽象到具体,为我国山地资源系统开发与山地区域经济发展的科学整合做了探索性研究。最后,有针对性地提出了相应对策措施。     

The effects of hurricane hugo on suspended-sediment loads,Lago loíza Basin,Puerto Rico

Runoff generated from large storm events, such as hurricanes, is expected to transport large quantities of suspended sediment. Observations of suspended-sediment loads transported during Hurricane Hugo in the Lago Loìza (Lake Loiza) basin, Puerto Rico, indicate that loads were lower than expected. In the two main tributaries that enter Lago Loìza, Rio Grande de Loìza and Rio Gurabo, 99 600 tonnes of suspended sediment was transported by 58·2 × 10⁶ m³ of runoff in a 48 h period. The storm-average suspended-sediment concentration in the Río Grande de Loìza for Hurricane Hugo was 2290 mgl⁻¹, the second lowest for the 12 storms that have been monitored at this site. In Río Gurabo the storm-average suspended-sediment concentration was 1420 mgl⁻¹, the sixth lowest recorded out of 15 monitored storms. In Quebrada Salvatierra, a small tributary to Río Grande de Loìza, suspended-sediment concentrations were as low as 33 mgl⁻¹ during the peak runoff of 20 m³ s⁻¹. Normally the suspended-sediment concentrations at this discharge are 3000 mgl⁻¹. Hurricane force winds seem to be the most important factor contributing to the lower than expected suspended-sediment loads in the Lago Loìza basin. The high winds caused vegetation and debris to be dislodged and displaced. Debris accumulated on hillslopes and in small channels, blocked bridges and formed debris dams. These dams caused local backwater effects that reduced stream velocities and decreased suspended-sediment loads.     

适应水文非一致条件的水库防洪优化调度

为完善变化环境下水库防洪调度方案,建立了集水文非一致性诊断、水文模型还现、设计洪水计算与水库调度规则优化于一体的水库适应性调控方法体系,并应用于沂沭泗水系仕阳水库.结果表明,仕阳水库入库洪水变异点发生在1975年;利用新安江模型对水文序列还现处理,得到满足一致性的设计洪水,其洪峰、最大24 h和最大72 h洪量均值,较原设计分别增大了 19.7%、14.5%和10.0%;建立了以防洪效益最大为目标函数的水库优化调度模型,采用动态规划进行求解.提出的适应性调度方案在20年、100年、1000年和5000年一遇设计洪水条件下,较水库现行设计方案最高洪水位分别降低了0.32、0.11、0.19和0.11 m.     

鄂尔多斯盆地靖西地区马家沟组中组合储层特征及主控因素

以靖西地区钻遇或钻穿中组合储层的钻井资料为基础,通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、物性分析等手段,对该区奥陶系马家沟组中组合的白云岩储层特征及主控因素进行了研究。储集层岩性主要为粉晶白云岩、泥粉晶白云岩及泥晶白云岩等,它们在薄片资料统计中出现的频率分别为33%、21%、15%,属于白云岩型储层。储集空间以晶间孔和晶间溶孔为主,溶洞和溶缝次之,具有低孔、低渗特征,孔隙度以1%～3%居多,占45%,渗透率以(0.001～0.1)×10-3μm2最多,占74%。储层的形成明显受沉积相和成岩作用控制,白云岩坪和颗粒滩是储层发育的有利相带,白云石化作用和表生岩溶作用是储层孔隙发育的主要成因。     

三峡水库区巫山县淌里滑坡监测与变形分析

淌里滑坡是三峡水库区地质灾害防治监测预警工程Ⅱ期专业监测点。监测方法为地表位移监测及滑体深部位移监测,同时开展长期地表宏观变形迹象监测调查。通过3a来监测资料的对比分析,各GPS变形监测点均在水平及垂直方向上有变形。即2007年2月位于滑坡前缘的WS-74、WS-75点水平位移分别达到726.91mm及170.88mm,平均年变形速率分别为340mm和80mm;位于滑体下部的WS-75钻孔滑带位置变形明显。该钻孔在2005年5月由于深部位移变形超出测试量程而无法继续监测。在2003年10月至2005年5月20个月内,该钻孔滑带位置累计位移量达46mm以上,月平均变形率达2.3mm。以此变形速率发展,至2006年12月,滑带累计位移变形量将在100mm左右。滑坡的变形集中在滑坡的前缘地带及次级滑坡,从2003年至今,宝子滩崩滑体附近已有将近20×10^4m^3的崩塌堆积层滑入江中。目前滑坡处于匀速变形阶段,为不稳定状态,滑坡区内的4户18人和宝子滩民用码头的安全受到威胁。     

浅析小浪底水库蓄水对库区济源段煤矿采空塌陷区的影响

小浪底水库建成运行后，引起区域地下水位抬升，库水通过一1煤底板和其采空区顶板裂隙进入其它煤层和采空区，造成采空区顶板岩石的软化，引发地裂缝及地面塌陷等地质灾害，严重影响了村民的生命财产安全及煤矿生产的安全。本文就小浪底水库蓄水后，对库区济源段煤矿采空塌陷区及煤矿生产的影响进行了分析，并提出了防治对策。     

水库诱发地震最大震级的预测

水库蓄水诱发地震虽然是水利工程建设伴生的少见现象,但有时会诱发6级以上地震,加之震中距小,震源浅,成为水利工程抗震设防的重要因素。已有震例还证明,水库规模越大,诱震的可能性越大,诱震的最大震级Mmax(以下简写M)也越高。我们曾提出用水库的“综合影响参数E”来表征水库的“规模”,并给出了M～E回归关系式。本文在补充了部分震例资料,并把M和E以及最大库深Hmax(以下简写H)都视为随机量,经模式识别的分类判别后把所用震例分为两组(第一组为M≥4.5的21个震例:第二组为全部37个震例),把变量E取为确定量或取为随机量和把变量E、lnH取为两个随机量与M进行了回归。回归结果:第一组的双随机量(M、E)模型的回归标准差为口σ_M=0.610,变异系数V=0.118,三随机量(M,E,H)σ_M=0.576。V=0.111;第二组的双随机量的σ_M=1.028,V=0.234,三随机量时σ_M=1.032,V=0.235。说明第一组三随机量模型对可能发生M≥4.5级的新建水库的最大诱震震级的预测是可用的。     

Formation pressure testing at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Operational summary, history matching, and interpretations

In February 2007, the U.S. Department of Energy, BP Exploration (Alaska), and the U.S. Geological Survey, collected open-hole pressure-response data, as well as gas and water sample collection, in a gas hydrate reservoir (the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well) using Schlumberger's Modular Dynamics Formation Tester (MDT) wireline tool. Four such MDT tests, ranging from six to twelve hours duration, and including a series of flow, sampling, and shut-in periods of various durations, were conducted. Locations for the testing were selected based on NMR and other log data to assure sufficient isolation from reservoir boundaries and zones of excess free water. Test stages in which pressure was reduced sufficiently to mobilize free water in the formation (yet not cause gas hydrate dissociation) produced readily interpretable pressure build-up profiles. Build-ups following larger drawdowns consistently showed gas-hydrate dissociation and gas release (as confirmed by optical fluid analyzer data), as well as progressive dampening of reservoir pressure build-up during sequential tests at a given MDT test station.History matches of one multi-stage, 12-h test (the C2 test) were accomplished using five different reservoir simulators: CMG-STARS, HydrateResSim, MH21-HYDRES, STOMP-HYD, and TOUGH + HYDRATE. Simulations utilized detailed information collected across the reservoir either obtained or determined from geophysical well logs, including thickness (11.3 m, 37 ft.), porosity (35%), hydrate saturation (65%), both mobile and immobile water saturations, intrinsic permeability (1000 mD), pore water salinity (5 ppt), and formation temperature (3.3-3.9 °C). This paper will present the approach and preliminary results of the history-matching efforts, including estimates of initial formation permeability and analyses of the various unique features exhibited by the MDT results.