A Method for Automatically Selecting Aids to Navigation Based on their Spatial Influence Domains

To address the limitations of manually selecting aids to navigation (AtNs) on charts, a method for automatically selecting AtNs based on their spatial influence domains (SIDs) is proposed. First, the associations between the spatial attributes of an AtN are analyzed. Second, an SID of the AtN is defined, and a model of the SID is constructed based on the associations between the spatial attributes. Third, the importance of the location of the AtN is weighted based on the SID model. Fourth, an algorithm to automatically select AtNs based on the maximum coverage of the SIDS of preselected AtNs is developed. Finally, several AtNs are selected automatically using the algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that (1) the proposed method can automatically select AtNs and the results comply with the requirements; (2) the automatic selection can eliminate the human-induced errors or the inconsistent results of manual selections from different operators; and (3) the efficiency of the proposed method is higher than that of current manual methods.     

基于浮标数据的卫星雷达高度计海浪波高数据评价与校正

卫星雷达高度计是海浪有效波高（significant wave height,SWH）观测的重要手段之一,本文利用时空匹配方法对T/P、Jason-1、Envisat、Jason-2、Cryosat-2和HY-2A共6颗卫星雷达高度计SWH数据与NDBC（National Data Buoy Center,NDBC）浮标SWH数据进行对比验证,并对雷达高度计SWH数据进行校正。全部卫星雷达高度计SWH数据时间跨度为1992年9月25日到2015年9月1日,对比验证NDBC浮标共53个,包括7个大洋浮标。精度评价发现除T/P外,各卫星雷达高度计SWH的RMSE都在0.4~0.5 m之间,经过校正后,RMSE都有显著下降,下降程度最大为13.82%;对于大洋浮标,评价结果RMSE在0.20~0.28 m之间,结果明显优于全部NDBC浮标的精度评价结果;HY-2A卫星雷达高度计SWH在经过校正后数据质量与国外其他5颗卫星雷达高度计SWH数据质量差异较小。     

南极长城站验潮站数据处理和潮汐特点初步分析

继在南极中山站建成我国南极首个永久性验潮站后,2012年1月在南极长城站又建成了我国南极第二个永久性验潮站。通过对长城站验潮站相关数据进行分析处理,得到了验潮基准系统的水准网平差结果和验潮仪零点标定结果,以及长城站附近海域海洋潮汐170个分潮的调和常数,并据此进行了潮汐预报,同时分析了长城站潮汐余水位的变化特征,探讨了利用附近的Antarctic Base Prat验潮站的余水位改正长城站潮汐预报的可行性,结果表明使用Antarctic Base Prat验潮站余水位改正长城站潮汐预报,可以显著提高长城站验潮站潮汐预报的精度,余水位改正后2014时段的潮汐预报中误差为±3.42 cm,明显好于改正前的预报中误差±10.43 cm。     

基于无人船的大洋中尺度涡观测系统展望

中尺度涡在大洋中普遍存在,研究发现其能量比大尺度海洋环流的能量大一个量级,在海洋物质能量输运和全球气候变化中起着重要的作用。受观测条件限制,目前对中尺度涡的观测主要通过卫星高度计实现,只能从海面高度来推算中尺度涡大小、分布、强度及其伴随的水体和能量输送,而卫星高度计对中尺度涡垂直结构特征认识不足,也导致了对中尺度涡所引起的上层海洋能量、热量输送估计误差偏大。目前对中尺度涡三维结构观测认识不足,展望未来将会出现基于无人船平台的大洋中尺度涡三维结构自动观测系统,该平台将集成自动水下剖面观测功能等先进技术,以便观测中尺度涡的垂直结构特征及其时空变化特征,进而可对中尺度涡带来的物质和能量输送进行系统认识。     

Automated Extraction of a Five‐Year LA‐ICP‐MS Trace Element Data Set of Ten Common Glass and Carbonate Reference Materials: Long‐Term Data Quality,Optimisation and Laser Cell Homogeneity

LA‐ICP‐MS is increasingly applied to obtain quantitative multi‐element data with minimal sample preparation, usually achieved by calibration using reference materials (RMs). However, some ubiquitous RMs, for example the NIST SRM 61× series glasses, suffer from reported value uncertainties for certain elements. Moreover, no long‐term data set of analyses conducted over a range of ablation and tuning conditions exists. Thus, there has been little rigorous examination of the extent to which offsets between measured and reported values are the result of error in these values rather than analytically induced fractionation. We present new software (‘LA‐MINE’), capable of extracting LA‐ICP‐MS data with no user input, and apply this to our system, yielding over 5 years of data (~ 5700 analyses of ten glass and carbonate RMs). We examine the relative importance of systematic analytical bias and possible error in reported values through a mass‐specific breakdown of fourteen of the most commonly determined elements. Furthermore, these data, obtained under a wide range of different ablation conditions, enable specific recommendations of how data quality may be improved, for example the role of diatomic gas, the effect of differential inter‐glass fractionation factors and choice of transport tubing material. Finally, these data demonstrate that the two‐volume Laurin ablation cell is characterised by no discernible spatial heterogeneity in measured trace element ratios.     

Calibration of cyclic constitutive models by oscillating functions

Most structures are subjected to more cyclic loads during their life time than static loads. These cyclic action could be a result of either natural or man-made activities and may lead to soil failure. In order to understand the response of the foundation and its interaction with these complex cyclic loadings, various researchers have over the years developed different constitutive models. Although a lot of research is being carried out on these relatively new models, little or no details exist in literature about the model-based identification of the cyclic constitutive parameters which to a large extent govern the quality of the model output. This could be attributed to the difficulties and complexities of the inverse modeling of such complex phenomena. A variety of optimisation strategies are available for the solution of the sum of least-squares problems as usually done in the field of model calibration. However, for the back analysis (calibration) of the soil response to oscillatory load functions, this article gives insight into the model calibration challenges and also puts forward a method for the inverse modeling of cyclic loaded foundation response such that high-quality solutions are obtained with minimum computational effort.     

Probabilistic calibration of a coupled hydro-mechanical slope stability model with integration of multiple observations

Multiple types of responses, such as displacements, ground water level, pore water pressures, water contents, etc., are usually measured in comprehensive monitoring programmes for rainfall-induced landslide prevention. In this study, a probabilistic calibration method for coupled hydro-mechanical modelling of slope stability is presented with integration of multiple types of measurements. A numerical example of a soil slope under rainfall infiltration is illustrated to compare the effects of single and multiple types of responses on parameter estimation and model calibration. The results show that the soil parameters can be estimated with less uncertainty and total uncertainty bounds are narrower with multiple types of responses than with a single type of response. Model calibration based on multiple types of responses can compromise different responses and hence the means and standard deviations of model error are the smallest. A feasible correlation coefficient between soil modulus and permeability can be obtained from model calibration with multiple types of responses and single type of response as long as the responses include displacement data.     

基于弱光栅技术的地面沉降自动化监测系统

光纤监测技术具有分布式、精度高等特点,在地面沉降监测中具有独特优势。但受限于监测成本较高与监测环境复杂,目前地面沉降光纤监测多通过人工采集数据,限制了在特殊环境变化情况下地面沉降的实时信息获取。文章在地面沉降钻孔全断面光纤监测技术的基础上,设计并建立了基于弱光栅技术的地面沉降自动化监测系统。该监测系统利用弱反射光栅、时分复用、物联网和数据库等技术,通过4G无线通信手段实现了地面沉降在线自动化监测和远程数据实时采集,并通过客户端系统软件实现数据的存储、查询和分析。将其应用到衡水地区地面沉降监测中,结果表明:钻孔内土层压缩变形主要发生在以黏性土为主的隔水层（Ad2、Ad3、Ad4）;受季节性地下水开采的影响,钻孔100～400 m深度范围内砂土含水层存在波动变化,在监测期内,冬季略回弹,随后春季地下水开采量增大,地下水位下降,土层呈现压缩趋势。监测结果验证了该系统的可行性与准确性,使得整个地面沉降监测流程趋于自动化、规范化和低成本化,具有广泛的应用前景。     

区域自动气象站蓄电池异常状态判别方法

针对天津市一种常见的CAWS600型区域自动气象站对其供电及功耗进行了详细分析,利用对电池放电特性曲线的归一化处理,得到了针对12V38AH铅酸蓄电池的剩余容量估算方法,同时利用该站蓄电池工作电压的统计规律,提出了针对蓄电池工作电压的极值判定、时间/空间一致性质量控制方法,并对2017年逐10min观测数据进行检验。检验结果显示,文章提出的质量控制方法可以有效识别出蓄电池异常站点,针对2017年个站蓄电池持续放电情况可提前10d定位。     

基于北斗的自动气象站报文传输方案设计

针对北斗卫星下行通信受4G和WIFI信号带内干扰导致传输成功率低的情况,设计了基于增加传输次数来降低误码率的自动气象站报文北斗传输方案。首次提出并建成用于传输自动气象站报文的双北斗指挥机用户群,根据北斗用户机的传输能力设计专用的气象报文编码格式,利用冗余频度开展报文重发,实现单个时次报文的4次重复接收,稳定地保证了较高的传输成功率。方案同时实现了观测报文1min内到达预报员桌面,在稳定性和时效性上均取得了突破。