Autonomous software: Myth or magic?

We discuss work by the eSTAR project which demonstrates a fully closed loop autonomous system for the follow up of possible micro‐lensing anomalies. Not only are the initial micro‐lensing detections followed up in real time, but ongoing events are prioritised and continually monitored, with the returned data being analysed automatically. If the “smart software” running the observing campaign detects a planet‐like anomaly, further follow‐up will be scheduled autonomously and other telescopes and telescope networks alerted to the possible planetary detection.We further discuss the implications of this, and how such projects can be used to build more general autonomous observing and control systems. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

改进的约束单纯形-模拟退火剩余静校正

非线性单纯形和模拟退火算法的结合形成了一种新的适合非凸集连续不受约束和受约束函数的全局最优化算法．静校正问题中的相位转移与模拟退火法有明显的相似之处．由非线性单纯形来产生系统的各个状态,在缓慢冷却过程中得到目标函数的全局最优解．所采用的目标函数是道集间的相关,解决了零空间现象．单纯形模拟退火(SIMPSA)算法应用于剩余静校正,收敛速度快,适于解决大剩余静校正．     

王家岗—八面河地区潜山残留地层发育特征及控制因素

东营凹陷南坡王家岗-八面河地区潜山勘探程度很低,复杂的残留地层结构及其发育模式认识不清严重制约潜山的精细勘探。本文综合运用野外岩石地层对比、古生物时代划分与地震资料标定和追踪等多方法联合分析,初步明确残留地层的平面展布特征,同时基于构造演化恢复技术明确多期构造运动对地层剥蚀、残留的控制作用。研究表明：研究区遭受印支运动挤压成山、燕山运动拉张裂陷等多幕构造运动影响,残留地层表现为近东西向"跷跷板"式的产状模式;一系列北西向断层控制着中-古生界沿北西向展布,北西向断层上升盘地层普遍剥蚀严重,下降盘中生界具有"近厚远薄"特征、上古生界具有"薄底或凸底"特征而下古生界厚度则较为稳定。     

基于经验模态分解削弱多波束残余误差的方法

针对多波束水深数据中存在的系统性残余误差,提出了基于经验模态分解方法来削弱残余误差的方法:首先利用经验模态分解方法对多波束测深数据作一维分解,将非线性、非平稳的多波束测深数据分解成准线性子波,然后构建水深数据趋势项与残余项,利用中央波束趋势项建立整体数据趋势项,最后加以水深数据残余项还原海底地形,削弱残余误差影响。通过实测多波束测深数据验证方法的有效性。     

苏北盐阜地区中、古生界地层分布特征

应用钻井、测井及古生物资料,对下扬子苏北盐阜地区中、古生界地层进行研究,同时综合了重、磁、电、二维地震、MT二维剖面等资料,探讨盐阜地区中生界残留地层展布规律。研究结果表明,中生界白垩系浦口组在研究区广泛分布,厚度较大,且分布稳定,而赤山组、葛村组及侏罗系、三叠系局部零星分布;上古生界地层残存在滨海隆起—建湖隆起引水沟凸起一带,下古生界地层残存在淮阴凹陷—盐城凹陷地区。     

香炉山钨矿残采区地压灾害微震监测技术应用分析

香炉山钨矿东区形成了形状复杂、体积巨大的采空区,地压灾害问题突出。为了确保矿山生产安全,该矿成功地建立了国内最大、最先进的48通道全数字型微震监测系统。本文简要介绍了多通道微震监测系统的组成、传感器的优化布置,分析了微震监测系统对微震事件的定位误差和效果;论文进一步对采区内微震定位事件、非定位事件进行了初步的应用研究;论文还对西区大爆破对东区地压的影响程度进行了监测。最后,论文对井下岩体破裂类型与释放的弹性波波形进行了辨识与频谱分析。初步的地压微震监测与分析结果表明,微震监测技术能对香炉山钨矿残采区进行动态的地压监测,可以预见该技术将在今后的矿山安全管理中起到更加重要的作用。     

承压稳定井流计算的无网格局部Petrov-Galerkin法

本文基于移动最小二乘形函数和加权残量法,针对承压稳定井流问题,构造了无网格局部Petrov-Galerkin法,并对井点采用了控制面积法。通过具体模型计算显示,该方法实施过程简单,又有较高的精度。     

GPS芯片开发及授时性能分析

GPS接收机的核心器件即为GPS OEM板(即GPS芯片),对其直接进行开发,在使用上具有灵活方便、经济实用、便于融合等优点。本文以Motorola M12MT+TIMING ONCORE型GPS OEM板为例,论述了GPS OEM板的具体开发使用过程和相关注意事项,并对其授时性能、1pps(秒脉冲)输出的特点等进行了研究,提供了用其实现精确授时的方法,并对授时精度进行了分析,对于测量中精确数字授时的实现具有一定的实际意义。     

A wide-field corrector at the prime focus of a Ritchey-Chrétien telescope

We propose a form of a lens corrector at the prime focus of a hyperboloidal mirror that provides a flat field of view up to 3° in diameter at image quality D₈₀<0.8 arcsec in integrated (0.32–1.1 µm) light. The corrector consists of five lenses made of fused silica. All lens surfaces are spherical in shape, so the system is capable of achieving better images, if necessary, by aspherizing the surfaces. The optical system of the corrector is stable in the sense that its principal features are retained when optimized after significant perturbations of its parameters. As an example, we calculated three versions of the corrector for the Blanco 4-m telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory with \(2\mathop .\limits^ \circ 12\), \(2\mathop .\limits^ \circ 4\) and \(3\mathop .\limits^ \circ 0\) fields of view.     

The Earth's Climate in the Next Hundred Thousand years (100 kyr)

One of the most striking features of the Quaternary paleoclimate records remains the so-called 100-kyr cycle which is undoubtedly linked to the future of our climate. Such a 100-kyr cycle is indeed characterised by long glacial periods followed by a short-interglacial (10–15 kyr long). As we are now in an interglacial, the Holocene, the previous one (the Eemian, which corresponds quite well to Marine Isotope Stage 5e, peaking at 125 kyr before present, BP) was assumed to be a good analogue for our present-day climate. In addition, as the Holocene is 10 kyr long, paleoclimatologists were naturally inclined to predict that we are quite close to the next ice age. Simulations using the 2-D climate model of Louvain-la-Neuve show, however, that the current interglacial will most probably last much longer than any previous ones. It is suggested here that this is related to the shape of the Earth's orbit around the Sun, which will be almost circular over the next tens of thousands of years. As this is primarily related to the 400-kyr cycle of eccentricity, the best and closest analogue for such a forcing is definitely Marine Isotopic Stage 11 (MIS-11), some 400 kyr ago, not MIS-5e. Because the CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere also plays an important role in shaping long-term climatic variations – especially its phase with respect to insolation – a detailed reconstruction of this previous interglacial from deep sea and ice records is urgently needed. Such a study is particularly important in the context of the already exceptional present-day CO₂ concentrations (unprecedented over the past million years) and, even more so, because of even larger values predicted to occur during the 21st century due to human activities.