免烧粉煤灰滤料的制备及其性能的研究

为了扩大粉煤灰的应用范围,减少其对环境的污染,并且寻求一种新的水处理滤料的配方与制备方法,以粉煤灰、粘土为主要原料,以生石灰、石膏、水泥为激发剂,以H₂O₂（双氧水）、NaHCO₃为发泡剂,经搅拌、成型、自然冷却等工艺在实验室制备了免烧粉煤灰滤料.结果表明,如果以孔隙率作为主要的性能评价指标,制备免烧粉煤灰滤料的最佳质量配比为：粉煤灰46.30%,粘土13.89%,生石灰18.52%,水泥13.89%,石膏1.85%,纯H₂O₂ 5.55%,此时所制滤料的孔隙率为72.24%.     

多尺度地图空间居民地语义相似度计算方法

地图综合的本质是一种空间相似变换,制图者在相似原则的指导下实施概括,读图者从包含相似性的地图中形成心象地图、重构现实世界。因此,多尺度地图空间中的相似关系研究非常重要。然而,由于相似的可计算性差,且其计算的目的在于揭示更深层次的信息,地图综合中相似关系尤其是语义相似关系的研究相对较少。针对这一问题,本文以语义功能区约束下的大比例尺街区式居民地合并（1∶1750至1∶4000）为例,基于匹配距离模型计算建筑物合并中的语义相似度,得到语义相似度在关键比例尺节点的值,并对结果进行分析、评价。试验表明,语义功能区约束下的建筑物合并符合读图者的地图认知需求,本文所述方法有助于地图更好地发挥信息传输载体的作用。     

农村土地调查基本农田上图方法

土地是人类赖以生存和社会发展的物质基础,耕地是农业生产最基本、不可替代的生产资料。基本农田调查是农村土地调查最为重要的一个部分,基本农田上图工作对于政府部门制定土地政策、优化土地结构、保护耕地、提高耕地质量具有十分重要的意义。本文从基本农田概念的引入、基本农田上图技术流程、基本农田保护块上图以及图件编制、数据汇总几个方面阐述了农村土地调查基本农田的上图方法。     

Chemical composition and leaching characteristics of granules made of wood ash and dolomite

 In 1995, the central heating plant Draken in Kalmar, Sweden, started manufacturing a granular ash product for nutrient recycling to forest soil, instead of dumping the ash in landfills. Chemical composition, leaching and dissolution characteristics were determined for the Draken wood ash, the dolomite used in granule manufacturing and the final granule product. The heavy metal concentrations in fly ash were within the limit values recommended by the Swedish National Board of Forestry for ash recycling, except for Cd and As levels which occasionally exceeded the limit values. The Ca, Mn and P levels were too low for nutrient recycling at the time. Adding dolomite insures that the levels of the important nutrients Ca and Mg are sufficient in the granules. After 7 months in the field, about 60 % of Na and K was leached out from granules. Between 20 and 60% of trace elements Mo, Sc, V, Y and Zr were leached out after 7 months. The release of Ca and Mg was low, 1–5% during 7 months. Received: 12 July 1999 · Accepted: 31 August 1999     

Estimation of snow ablation under a dust layer covering a wide range of albedo

Ablation processes of snow under a thin dust cover are complicated compared with those under a thick cover, mainly owing to the effects of aggregation (redistribution) of dust particles on the conditions of surface melting. Aggregation of dust particles causes the snow surface to brighten after the initial dust configuration, thus affecting the relationship between initial dust concentration and surface albedo. In order to estimate snow ablation rate under a thin dust cover, we used a composite energy balance model in which the surface albedo is taken as a measured input variable. The estimated results of snow ablation agreed reasonably well with the observation, considering the measurement errors inherited in the snow depressions. Comparison of the two cases, that is, one considering the aggregation of dust particles (observation: albedo variable) and the other without aggregation (assumption: albedo constant), showed that the ablation rates were noticeably lower on the former case. This suggests that the aggregation of dust particles induces a reduction of snow ablation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

氢化物发生—原子荧光光谱法快速测定粉煤灰中微量硒

随着环境科学与人体健康研究的深入,硒作为人体必需的15种微量元素之一,尤为科技工作者所重视。硒属于一种稀散微量元素,主要用于电子和电器工业以及导弹,高空通讯设备等。在半导体﹑橡胶﹑石油工业中,硒也有着广泛的用途。人体硒水平偏低,可致老年期衰减速度加快,合理地补充硒可以预防和治疗心血管疾病,增强体液的免疫力,并能有效地防止肿瘤的扩展,起到预防和治疗癌症的作用。本文应用专属性强的AFS方法分析证实,对测定粉煤灰中的硒,具有简单快速﹑准确灵敏、取样量少、测定范围宽等优点。其加标回收率在:90.0%~101.0%之间,RSD为:3.36%~6.02%。     

基于聚合点的网络多媒体业务拥塞控制

当前广泛开展的网络多媒体业务都存在不同程度的服务不稳定情况,其原因是架构于网络上的多媒体业务缺乏整体有效的网络控制机制.基于研究提出了一种基于聚合点的拥塞控制方法,能对网络多媒体业务进行有效的拥塞控制.与现有业务实施机制相比,该方案实现简单,能更有效保证业务的开展.     

Effects of Volcanic Ash on Computers and Electronic Equipment

Computers and electronic equipment are an important component of the infrastructure of our modern environment. It is therefore essential that we know the effects of volcanic ash on such equipment. This paper presents the results of a pilot study to test computers and cooling fans in an ash-charged environment to assess their vulnerability. In the experiment, ash was poured on to computers and cooling fans in a sealed 0.216 m³ perspex box, with the effects on both the ash and the equipment monitored. Three different types of ash (1996 Ruapehu andesitic ash, Sakurajima andesitic ash and Kaharoa rhyolitic ash) were used in the experiments.In the first experiment each type of ash was photographed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), then passed through the bearing unit of a cooling fan and photographed again afterwards. The bearings within the cooling fan continued to work even after 720 h of testing and there was no significant abrasion of the fan-shaft bearing. The ash was however fragmented, suggesting that the brittle ash shattered to fine dust, which caused significantly less abrasion to the bearings or shaft than expected. Three computers were then tested in the sealed box. Ash was introduced at increasing rates to simulate catastrophic entry of ash into a work environment, and computers were tested throughout using the BURNIN^® testing programme. Failure times ranged from 100 to 150 h; most failures occurring when humidity was increased by spraying water mist into the airflow. If dried out the computers continued to operate again if failure was not catastrophic. Card slot edge connectors proved to be one of the weakest links, as a bridge of ash formed across the gap. They were also subject to abrasion with some of the gold plating being removed. This did not however cause operating difficulties.The conclusions are that computers are more resilient than originally thought, unless the ash is moist. Simple low-tech procedures should be adequate to protect computers from small amounts of dry and moist ash contamination.     

佛山市南海区国土资源“多图合一”的探讨

本文按“统一坐标原点、统一坐标体系、统一比例尺精度、统一数据格式”以及业务环环相扣的图形建库原则,以实践的方式探讨了国土资源管理中多图合一的可行性,并通过建立业务规则、图形规则,实现了多图合一中所有图层的互动与更新。     

‘Surface Drag in the Arctic Marginal Sea-ice Zone: A Comparison of Different Parameterisation Concepts’

Two parameterisation schemes for the turbulent surface fluxes and drag coefficients over the Arctic marginal sea-ice zone (MIZ) are (further) developed, and their results are compared with each other. Although the schemes are based on different principles (flux averaging and parameter averaging), the resulting drag coefficients differ only slightly in the case of neutral and stable stratification. For unstable stratification and sea-ice conditions being typical for the north-eastern Fram Strait, the drag coefficients resulting from the parameter-averaging concept are 5–10% larger than those of the flux-averaging concept. At a sea-ice concentration of 45%, the parameter-averaging method overestimates the heat fluxes by a factor of 1.2. An inclusion in the schemes of form drag caused by floe edges and ridges has a much larger effect on the drag coefficient, and on the momentum fluxes, than the choice between the parameter-averaging or flux-averaging methods. Based on sensitivity studies with the flux-averaging scheme, a simple formula for the effective drag coefficient above the Arctic MIZ is derived. It reduces the computational costs of the more complex parameterisations and could also be used in larger scale models. With this simple formula, the effective drag coefficient can be calculated as a function of the sea-ice concentration and skin drag coefficients for water and ice floes. The results obtained with this parameterisation differ only slightly from those using the more complex schemes. Finally, it is shown that in the MIZ, drag coefficients for sea-ice models may differ significantly from the effective drag coefficients used in atmospheric models.