Leachate studies on fly ash-stabilised expansive clay liners

This paper presents leachate studies on fly ash-stabilised expansive clay liners. Fly ash in different contents (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) by dry weight of the expansive clay was added to the clay, and the ash-clay blend was compacted as a liner overlying a compacted lateritic clay layer. Deionised water (DIW) and calcium chloride (CaCl₂) solutions of varying concentration (5 mM, 10 mM, 20 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM and 500 mM) were used as the permeating fluids in the leachate studies. Chemical analysis of the leachate was performed. For a given CaCl₂ concentration, the concentrations of both calcium ion and chloride ion in the leachate decreased up to a fly ash content of 20%, and thereafter they increased when the fly ash content was increased to 30%. Further, for a given fly ash content, concentrations of calcium ion and chloride ion increased with increasing CaCl₂ concentration.     

脑啡肽对栉孔扇贝血细胞聚集和附贴的影响

用质量浓度为2,5和25mg/L的脑啡肽对栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)血细胞聚集和附贴的影响进行了研究。结果表明质量浓度为2~25mg/L的脑啡肽均抑制血细胞的聚集,并且随着脑啡肽质量浓度的升高,对血细胞聚集的抑制作用加强。2mg/L的脑啡肽促进血细胞的附贴,5mg/L和25mg/L的脑啡肽抑制血细胞的附贴。实验证明脑啡肽对栉孔扇贝的免疫调节有重要作用。     

基于开放大数据的广州市中心城区职住平衡特征研究

以广州市中心城区为例,借助百度热力图、百度实时路况和百度地图POI数据,从中观层面多角度综合分析广州市中心城区就业与居住的空间分布关系。结果显示：1）工作时间段人口聚集的高值区整体呈带状分布,斑块较为细碎,但绝大部分集中在核心地带;人口主要高度集中于各区的商业繁华地段与交通线路周围。而休息时间段的高值区则相对集中分布,用地效率较高,表现出多中心的圈层结构;人口主要高度集中分布在传统的老城居住区和新开发的商业住宅区,与核心商圈相对错开。2）不管是在上班时段还是休息时段,人口聚集程度越高的地区,POI设施密度表现越显著;这意味着人口的聚集具有一定的选择性,主要集中在城市基础设施发展较完备的区域。3）广州市中心城区各街道的职住比介于0.73~1.54,职住相对平衡,区域之间差异较小。其中,分值较高的街道多分布于核心地带（主要集中在越秀区、荔湾区北部和天河区南部）,分值较低的街道多分布于核心地带的外围或边缘地区（主要在海珠区、荔湾区和白云区零散分布）。4）从城市交通响应上看,广州市中心城区工作日内早高峰的拥堵度大于晚高峰,但总体路况变化跨度不大,区内并没有出现特别严重的“潮汐通勤”现象。     

长江经济带城市群要素集聚能力差异的比较研究

城市群作为当前区域发展的主要空间载体,在区域发展竞争中扮演着越来越重要的角色。论文结合互联网大数据抓取等手段,以长江经济带5个城市群为研究对象,对城市群间要素集聚能力差异进行比较研究,发现：① 长江经济带城市群间要素集聚能力差异与长江经济带社会经济发展的区域差异相吻合,城市群要素集聚格局呈现出由东向西梯度衰减的分布特征;② 城际层面要素集聚能力差异的两极分化现象显著,以城市群首位城市为中心的要素集聚“核心—边缘”空间结构特征较为鲜明;③ 长江经济带城市群内科技创新、对外开放、金融等要素的集聚格局具有明显的差异分化和集聚分布指向特征;④ 长江经济带城市(群)要素集聚能力等级规模结构分布总体符合位序-规模法则,可分为“均衡型”和“离散型”2种类型,首位城市要素集聚首位度随城市群要素集聚能力高低呈现出“两端高、中间低”的特征。     

建筑物白模多边形的自动合并

建筑物白模多边形数据可广泛应用于许多领域,但在实际应用中,由于数据太过细致,且目前使用的建筑物白模多边形数据存在拓扑关系错误,不满足生产要求,这给地图综合中建筑物群的自动合并提出了新的要求.因此提出了一种基于约束性Delaunay三角网的建筑物白模多边形自动合并方法,在保持建筑物整体结构和视觉效果的前提下减少不必要的细...     

Characterization of a new lectin involved in the protoplast regeneration of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bryopsis hypnoides</Emphasis>

A group of coenocytic marine algae differs from higher plants,whose totipotency depends on an intact cell(or protoplast).Instead,this alga is able to aggregate its extruded protoplasm in sea water and generate new mature individuals.It is thought that lectins play a key role in the aggregation process.We purified a lectin associated with the aggregation of cell organelles in Bryopsis hypnoides.The lectin was ca.27 kDa with a pI between pH 5 and pH 6.The absence of carbohydrate suggested that the lectin was ...     

上海洋山建港后港域夏季水文泥沙状况分析

对2007年9月17-26日在上海洋山港海域固定观测点(平均水深13 m)观测得到的水文泥沙要素,以及悬沙和底质样品分析.分析结果为:1)港域有效波高0.21-1.37 m(风速0.6～14.0 m/s),平均0.61 m(平均风速5.5 m/s).平静天气(平均风速小于5.0 m/s)下,波高随水深变化,两者的相关系数为0.899;而在强风天气下,波高受风况控制.2)最大表层流速超过2.00 m/s.大潮涨潮流占优势,小潮时落潮流占优势;与北岛链汉道封堵前相比,大潮涨、落潮平均流速分别减小15%和30%,小潮涨、落潮平均流速均减小30%～40%.各层余流均为西北方向,与涨潮流方向一致;垂向平均余流速0.11 cm/s,表层达0.25 m/s.3)离底高程1.35 m层和0.35m层最大悬沙浓度均大于3 kg/m3,两层平均悬沙浓度分别为0.89和0.95 kg/m3.无论大潮还是小潮涨潮悬沙浓度均大于落潮,这种现象在大潮时更为显著,潮周期中最大悬沙浓度出现在涨急.与工程前相比悬沙浓度明显降低,大、小潮降低均达20%.4)港区底质平均粒径9.0μm,工程后有变细的趋势.     

Effect of Fly Ash on Frost-Resistance and Chloride Ions Diffusion Properties of Marine Concrete

It is necessary to pay more attention to the durability of concrete undergoing freeze-thaw cycles and seawater attack simultaneously.Investigated are the effects of water-binder ratio,fly ash (FA) contents and air-entraining agent on resistance to frost and chloride diffusion of marine concrete blended with FA in natural seawater.The results show that fly ash does not improve the frost resistance of concrete but can improve its resistance to chloride diffusion by addition of less than 30%.The resistance to frost and chloride diffusion of FA concrete can be improved with the decrease of water-binder ratio,and FA may improve both of them simultaneously only being mixed with air-entraining agent.A ratio (named as R) of the frost-resisting durability factor to chloride diffusion coefficient can be used to evaluate the durability of marine concrete.Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses are consistent with the evaluations by the value of R.     

Resolving physically and biologically driven suspended particulate matter dynamics in a tidal basin with a distribution-based model

Understanding suspended particulate matter (SPM) dynamics in coastal waters is crucial to assess changes in coastal sediment budgets and biogeochemical fluxes. SPM dynamics are subject to various physical and biological factors and processes such as, e.g. tidal currents and aggregation which can be enhanced by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that are produced by algae and bacteria. It is still unclear how the different factors and processes interact and together determine SPM dynamics. To unravel the interacting processes and factors, we propose a new distribution-based modeling approach. Based on the derivation of explicit equations for size distribution characteristics of SPM such as the average radius, we derived a model of reduced complexity characterized by low initialization and parameterization effort as well as low computational cost. The proposed 0D model includes the processes of aggregation and fragmentation due to shear, aggregation due to differential settling, deposition, resuspension and tidal exchange, and describes the evolution of the SPM concentration in the water column linked by the settling velocity to the change of the mass average radius of the aggregate distribution. A systematic parameter variation for critical bottom shear stress of erosion, the size of resuspended aggregates, the fractal dimension, the collision efficiency, and the aggregate strength has been performed and compared to observations in the back-barrier basin of Spiekeroog Island in the German Wadden Sea. This analysis confirms the hypothesis that in winter biological influences on SPM dynamics are smaller compared to summer. This is mainly reflected by a significant shift in the various parameters. We hence conclude that biological control mechanisms have a much more quantitative relevance for SPM dynamics than currently represented by state-of-the-art SPM transport models.