河渠水位曲线回水影响半无限含水层河渠附近地下水非稳定流计算

本文探讨河渠水位呈曲线变化时,河渠附近地下水非稳定运动问题。抛开经典河渠附近地下水非稳定渗流理论之瞬时回水的假设条件,重新推导河渠影响半无限潜水含水层地下水非稳定流计算公式。应用数值逼近的理论、逼近河渠水位变化规律。给出河渠水位以任意次多项式规律变化的一系列地下水非稳定流计算公式。从理论上证明了瞬时回水假设的根本矛盾,并用一实际例子对比计算加以验证。指出了抛弃瞬时回水的假设条件,重新建立一套全新的河渠附近地下水非稳定流理论的必要性。     

地下水位上升对砂性土地基承载力的影响

本文主要从土体的物理性质出发,以极限荷载理论为依据,找出砂性土地基承载力随地下水位上 升而下降的变化规律。这在由于温室效应及人为开发而引起地下潜水位不断上升的今天,对于从事 岩土工程和基础工程的研究、设计,具有一定的现实意义。     

四川广元──陕西宁强间下志留统生物礁

川西北广元-陕西宁强间下志留统巨厚的暗色泥岩地层中赋存有数以百计的生物礁，包括堤礁、点礁、堤状点礁群、生物岩丘、灰泥丘、层状岩丘，出露好，大小不一。礁是在浅水陆棚泥岩相的基础上发育起来的.造礁生物主要为横板珊瑚属的链珊瑚和蜂窝珊瑚及泡孔目的皮壳状、半球状苔藓虫。礁发育的基底主要为泥基质疙瘩状灰岩，也可以是生屑滩、近基风暴岩和淹没的潮坪层纹石灰岩。礁的衰亡以淹死型为主，少数为旱死型。在广元河湾场地区的河深１井钻遇礁组合５３.５５ｍ，中途测试有气浸显示、川南井下亦钻遇生物灰岩、生清灰岩（可能即为生物礁），见沥青充填裂隙、晶洞。包绕礁体的暗色泥岩有机炭丰度高。因之，志留系生物礁有希望成为四川盆地潜在的油气勘探目的层。     

Influence of Site and Source Dependent Ground Motion Scenarios on the Seismic Safety of Long-span Bridges in Cologne, Germany

An overlap in frequency between the 1D resonance frequency of sediments and the vibrational frequencies of long-span bridges might lead to a strongly increased structural response of the latter. Interference of surface waves caused by reflections at dipping interfaces may introduce additional unfavourable amplifications. Therefore, the vulnerability of two bridges crossing the Rhine River in Cologne, Germany, was assessed using ground motion scenarios computed for four profiles crossing the Lower Rhine Embayment. Due to their vibrational frequencies being in the vicinity of resonant peaks in the response spectra, the Severinsbridge showed critical loading and the bridge Cologne-Deutz even exhibited grave failure according to the dynamic FE-simulations.     

起始方位角误差对附合导线平差结果的影响

附合导线是工程测量中最常见的布网形式。结合附合导线平差过程,文中用真误差分析方法推导了起始方位角误差对附合导线平差结果的影响公式;通过分析与数据计算,得到了起始方位角误差对平差后导线点坐标和导线边方位角的影响规律;并与测角误差影响进行比较,得出了起始方位角误差影响可忽略的条件,对导线测量的理论研究与生产实践具有参考意义。     

土的抗剪强度指标对地基承载力影响的理论分析

拟合了《建筑地基基础设计规范》中承载力系数的计算公式,据此定量分析了土的抗剪强度指标对地基承载力计算结果的影响程度,并以实例说明了工程实践中正确选用试验方法和试验类型的重要性。     

关于长春市区地基土的成因及承载力的探讨

在统计资料基础上,综述了市区地基土的成因类型;研究了各层土的物理力学指标平均值及之间的相关性,并提供了土的承载力。     

多支盘锚杆的原型试验与荷载传递特征分析

多支盘锚杆是新近研发的新型锚固结构,与普通锚杆相比具有优良的工程特性。在多支盘锚杆室内模型试验研究的基础上,通过极限平衡理论推导出多支盘锚杆极限承载力理论计算公式,计算模型结果与室内实测数据基本一致,验证了计算公式的有效性。为了进一步掌握多支盘锚杆的荷载传递特性,开展了现场边坡锚固原型试验,利用现场多支盘锚杆拉拔测试所得数据研究了多支盘锚杆的支盘直径、支盘间距和支盘个数对多支盘锚杆极限承载力和变形控制能力的影响。试验结果表明：在粉质黏土中,当支盘间距大于等于4倍支盘直径时,可认为各支盘能独立工作,充分发挥多支盘锚杆的承载力;在相同条件下,与普通锚杆相比,随着多支盘锚杆的支盘直径从300 mm增大到500 mm以及支盘个数从1个增加到3个,多支盘锚杆的抗拔承载力提高非常明显,其变形控制能力也大幅度增强;多支盘锚杆的轴力传递曲线在支盘位置发生突变,呈陡降型,充分体现支盘在抗拔方面的贡献作用。该研究成果为多支盘锚杆的工程应用奠定了良好的理论基础。     

Reliability-based design of spread footings on fibre-reinforced clay

The potential use of fibres in a number of geotechnical engineering applications is gaining more interest in the geotechnical community. A select application consists of the improvement of soft grounds to mitigate their problematic shear strength characteristics. Extensive experimental work has been reported on the response/behaviour of fibre-reinforced clay (FRC) and was recently complemented by several strength prediction models. The effectiveness of these models has not been thoroughly evaluated yet. The objectives of this study are to (1) quantify the model uncertainty of a newly developed FRC model that is aimed exclusively at predicting the “undrained” shear strength of FRCs, (2) combine the model uncertainty with other conventional sources of uncertainty to assess the reliability levels that are inherent in the ultimate limit state design of spread footings that rest on a top FRC layer underlain by weaker natural soft clay, and (3) recommend factors of safety that would ensure a target reliability level for these footings. Results indicate that the traditional safety factor of 3 should be used with caution as it may not be sufficient to yield the desired level of reliability, particularly for smaller footings, lower applied stresses, larger scales of fluctuation, and larger target reliability indices.     

循环载荷下含水砂岩裂纹演化与损伤特征试验研究

基于矿井地下水库岩体频繁受到矿震、采动应力等循环荷载扰动这一工程背景,在实验室条件下开展了不同含水率砂岩单轴及循环加卸载试验,采用数字散斑技术,揭示了不同含水率砂岩裂纹扩展及破坏规律,基于电镜扫描微观分析,获得了循环载荷下不同含水砂岩微观劣化机制。试验结果表明：单轴及循环加卸载条件下,随着含水率增大,砂岩峰值强度均逐渐降低。干燥砂岩峰值轴向应变经历初始变形、等速变形、加速变形和失稳破坏4个阶段,含水砂岩经历初始变形、等速变形和失稳破坏3个阶段;随着含水率的增大,对应阶段内峰值轴向应变逐渐减小。通过变形率分析法验证发现,水对砂岩的变形记忆特性并无影响。单轴循环加卸载条件下,砂岩的破坏模式由干燥时的张拉−劈裂破坏逐渐向拉−剪混合破坏过渡,至饱和状态时呈现单一的剪切破坏。电镜扫描结果表明,随含水率增大,破裂结构面逐渐由光滑结构、浑圆状结构、片状结构向完全破碎结构过渡。随着含水率增大,绝对损伤参数不断增大,从侧面反映水岩耦合损伤的正相关性;累计损伤参数累积速率更快,同一循环周次下,累计损伤参数也更大。