应用人工神经网络识别华南沿海全新世海滩岩和海岸沙丘岩

华南全新世海岸沙丘岩和海滩岩同是热带、亚热带海岸线附近的胶结的岩石,其沉积儿构造极为相似,很容易混淆。人工神经网络是最近发展起来的一种信息处理方法,可以处理模糊的,非线性的、含有噪声的数据,为海滩岩和沙丘岩的识别提供了一种新方法。用华南海岸风成砂和海滩砂的粒度参数作为训练样本,华南海岸全新世沙丘岩和海滩碉的粒度参数作为测试样本,经过训练的Ｂ－Ｐ网络能够根据海滩砂和海岸沙丘砂的粒度参数来区分大部分的     

人工神经网络在岩石变形温度估算中的应用

Ｃｈｒｉｓｔｉｅ（１９６２）、Ｓｍｉｔｃｈ（１９７２）和张翊钧（１９８５）都提出了钠质斜长石的Δ１３１－１３１（或σ）、Ａｎ与温度Ｔ的关系图，后来又提出了钠质斜长石变形温度的计算公式。但由于图解的不便之处及目前应用的公式中推断分界点的不确定性和σ、Ａｎ与Ｔ之间存在一种非线性关系的特点，本文基于具有高度非线性映射能力的人工神经网络，提出了求解岩石变形温度的新方法。文中先介绍了变形温度计的研究概况，然     

Xp11.2区域YAC OAT1中表达顺序筛选

筛选 X染色体 Xp11.2区域的酵母人工染色体 ( YAC)克隆 OAT1所包含的表达序列 ,为该区域疾病相关基因的克隆探索方法。以 YAC克隆 OAT1为探针 ,与胎脑 c DNA文库的噬菌体原位裂解膜进行两轮杂交。所得的阳性克隆经过杂交鉴定剔除假阳性克隆和重复序列 ,并进行测序分析。获得了一个 YAC OAT1编码的表达顺序克隆。该克隆与鸟氨酸转氨酶 ( Ornithine Amino-transferase,OAT)基因同源     

香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis)致病性类志贺邻单胞菌(Plesiomonas shigelloides)的分离与生化药敏鉴定*

香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis)是名贵洄游性鱼类,由于高密度养殖等因素导致病害频发。类志贺邻单胞菌广泛存在于养殖水环境中,给香鱼养殖业造成严重经济损失。对患体表溃疡病的香鱼进行病原分离和鉴定,从患病鱼体表和肠道组织中分离到一株优势菌(NH21),其菌落低突,边缘光滑,表面湿润。革兰氏染色结果显示NH21为革兰氏阴性菌,菌形态为短杆状,端圆。经生化特性和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定为类志贺邻单胞菌(Plesiomonas shigelloides)。回归感染后,香鱼呈现与发病鱼相似的症状,皮肤、肌肉溃烂并伴有周围皮肤充血,组织切片可观察到病鱼肌纤维断裂,周围红细胞、炎性细胞浸润;鳃丝和鳃小片中红细胞增多;肝细胞核呈空泡,部分细胞核染色质边集;脾脏内包细胞增多,红细胞呈梭形;肠黏膜上皮细胞脱落。经计算其半致死量LD50为1.99×10⁷ CFU/mL。25种抗生素的药敏试验显示NH21菌株对阿奇霉素、头孢氨苄、新生霉素、多粘菌素B、头孢西丁、呋喃唑酮6种抗生素敏感。检出NH21菌株毒力基因9个,耐药基因8个。综合分析表明,分离菌株NH21为类志贺邻单胞菌属,是本次香鱼体表溃烂病病原菌,研究结果为香鱼出现类似病症的预防和治疗提供了基础资料。     

欧拉-拉格朗日方法在三维水流模型中的时间阻力

在三维数模的实践中,发现使用欧拉-拉格朗日方法(ELM)离散对流项会引发计算水位随时间步长减小而增大的异常现象,本文结合数值实验和数学分析对其进行了阐明和研究。数学推导分析表明,这些异常是由于ELM中的线性插值与水平流速的非线性垂线分布之间的不适应所致,插值误差随着插值点离单元侧面距离的减小而增大。在此基础上,对异常现象的本质进行了解释。此外,通过使用垂向σ坐标网格上的三维水动力学模型进行计算,得出ELM的时间阻力现象具有普遍性,但对边界适应能力强的网格系统可以减轻其影响。     

东营凹陷的主要断裂活动性分析

东营地区在构造位置上位于东营凹陷内,为了对该区域进行地震安全评价,利用浅层人工地震探测资料,并结合油田勘探地层资料,综合分析了东营凹陷的主要断裂活动性。结果表明,胜北断裂为第四纪早期断裂,陈南等断裂为第四纪以来不活动断裂,都不是一般工程建设需要避让的断裂。     

人工岛余震再液化数值模拟研究

主震结束后,余震引起的再液化会对土工结构物带来进一步的严重灾害。以人工岛为研究对象,基于FE-FD耦合有限元方法,考虑有无余震、不同余震大小和主余震不同时间间隔因素,探讨对人工岛再液化灾害的影响规律。研究结果表明:主震结束后,随着超孔隙水压力的消散,人工岛砂土层液化区域逐渐减小,余震发生时液化区域又开始扩展,甚至可能大于主震结束时的液化区域面积,且其灾害程度比无余震发生时的要大得多;随着主、余震的时间间隔增加,间隔期的土层固结排水很大程度地提高人工岛的抗再液化能力,当超孔隙水压力消散完后,在相同余震等级情况下很难再次达到完全液化;随着余震峰值加速度的增加,人工岛的沉降量和水平侧移量都随之增加,再次液化时间点会向前提前数秒,主震结束后,随着土层的固结排水,人工岛的沉降会继续增加,甚至超过主震引起的沉降量,而水平侧移的产生主要发生在地震液化过程中,在后续的固结排水中几乎不变;余震发生前,如果人工岛的砂土土层仍处于液化状态,则液化层可能会起到隔震作用,减轻余震对岛体造成的灾害。     

An intelligent approach to prediction and control ground vibration in mines

Drilling and Blasting are still considered to be the most economical method for rock excavation either on surface or underground. The explosive energy, which breaks the rockmass, is not fully utilized for this purpose. Only 20–30% of explosive energy is utilized for fragmenting the rockmass and the rest wasted away in the form of ground vibration, air blast, noise, fly rock, back breaks, etc. Among them, ground vibration is considered to have the most damaging effect. A number of predictor equations have been proposed by various researchers to predict ground vibration prior to blasting. Still, it is difficult to recommend any one predictor for a particular ground condition because ground vibration is influenced by a number of parameters. These parameters are either controllable or non-controllable like blast geometry, explosive types, rock strength properties, joints patterns, etc. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to predict the ground vibration using an Artificial Neural Network incorporating large number of parameters, which affect the ground vibration. Results are also compared with the values obtained from regression analysis and observed field data sets. Finally, it is found that the neural network approach is more accurate and able to predict the value of blast vibration without increasing error with increasing number of inputs and non-linearity among these.     

基于粒子群算法的神经网络在水资源评价中的应用

为了改善传统的人工神经网络,在训练过程中容易陷入局部最小导致应用于水资源评价时存在对训练样本的拟合精度不高的缺点,采用粒子群算法优化人工神经网络的权值和阈值,然后将其应用于中国12个地区的水资源可持续利用系统评价实例中,并和传统的人工神经网络进行了对照。结果表明,基于粒子群算法的人工神经网络和传统的人工神经网络相比,能较好的提高对训练样本的拟合精度,表明基于粒子群算法的人工神经网络,用于水资源可持续利用系统评价是可行的。     

Frozen orbits for satellites close to an Earth-like planet

We say that a planet is Earth-like if the coefficient of the second order zonal harmonic dominates all other coefficients in the gravity field. This paper concerns the zonal problem for satellites around an Earth-like planet, all other perturbations excluded. The potential contains all zonal coefficientsJ ₂ throughJ ₉. The model problem is averaged over the mean anomaly by a Lie transformation to the second order; we produce the resulting Hamiltonian as a Fourier series in the argument of perigee whose coefficients are algebraic functions of the eccentricity — not truncated power series. We then proceed to a global exploration of the equilibria in the averaged problem. These singularities which aerospace engineers know by the name of frozen orbits are located by solving the equilibria equations in two ways, (1) analytically in the neighborhood of either the zero eccentricity or the critical inclination, and (2) numerically by a Newton-Raphson iteration applied to an approximate position read from the color map of the phase flow. The analytical solutions we supply in full to assist space engineers in designing survey missions. We pay special attention to the manner in which additional zonal coefficients affect the evolution of bifurcations we had traced earlier in the main problem (J ₂ only). In particular, we examine the manner in which the odd zonalJ ₃ breaks the discrete symmetry inherent to the even zonal problem. In the even case, we find that Vinti's problem (J ₄+J ₂ ² =0) presents a degeneracy in the form of non-isolated equilibria; we surmise that the degeneracy is a reflection of the fact that Vinti's problem is separable. By numerical continuation we have discovered three families of frozen orbits in the full zonal problem under consideration; (1) a family of stable equilibria starting from the equatorial plane and tending to the critical inclination; (2) an unstable family arising from the bifurcation at the critical inclination; (3) a stable family also arising from that bifurcation and terminating with a polar orbit. Except in the neighborhood of the critical inclination, orbits in the stable families have very small eccentricities, and are thus well suited for survey missions.