利用单斜储水构造确定水动力场的方法探讨

在可地浸砂岩型铀矿床的找矿中，由于水位资料匮乏，水动力场研究受到很大的限制，采用单斜储水构造来确定水动力场的特征，其核心步骤为引用试算法，确定承压水形成高度，然后结合研究区仅有的地下水位资料，刻画水动力场，经在乌库尔其地区试用，效果较为明显。     

Functioning of a coastal karstic system with a submarine outlet,in southern Spain

A conceptual model of the functioning of a complex coastal karst aquifer in southern Spain is presented. The system has well developed conduits below sea level and is connected to the Mediterranean Sea. It discharges through two conduits 12 m below sea level, 20 km apart. The Moraig conduit is the main outlet; the discharge to the sea is brackish. The Toix conduit only discharges to the sea during heavy floods and lets in seawater the rest of the time. During the 1999–2000 hydrological year, both conduits were monitored by flowmeters and electrical conductivity-temperature probes. On the basis of the collected data, the hydrological relationship between the functioning of the system and the sea was characterised. The conceptual model assumes the existence of a huge reservoir called an “aquifer reservoir” which is supplied by (1) freshwater from rainfall and (2) seawater flowing into the Toix conduit. In addition, during heavy rainfall events, fast infiltration brings considerable amounts of freshwater into the Moraig conduit. This is typical of a “by-pass” mechanism. Salinity and flow rates were simulated with the use of a rainfall-discharge and a rainfall-salinity model. The simulation of flow and salinity time series can be used for water management purposes.     

济南名泉舜井成因探讨

通过对济南名泉舜井的研究,查明了舜井的成因及其水文地质条件,对舜井的地质构造、水质、涌水量、影响范围进行较深入的探讨,为工程建设保护舜井名泉提供了较科学的资料。     

温泉逸出气体常规成分快速测定

通过对腾冲火山地球化学观测站中用气相色谱仪对火山区温泉逸出气体成分的观测实践的理论总结,系统介绍了用气相色谱仪对温泉逸出气体常规成分的快速测定方法.结果表明,SP3400型气相色谱仪具有一系列优点.通过合理的仪器配置、参数设置、规范的运行维护和分析操作,SP3400型气相色谱仪可以快速准确地分析温泉逸出气体中He、H_2、O_2、N_2、CH_4、CO_2等常规组分的含量.对这些组份总量分析的相对偏差只有1.89%,对CO_2组份分析的相对偏差只有2.18%,对He、H_2等ppm级含量的组份分析的相对偏差分别只有10.24%和11.44%,说明SP3400的型气相色谱仪的测试结果有相当高的可靠性和准确性.SP3400型气相色谱仪为温泉逸出气体常规组分快速测定的理想仪器,可以在火山和地震监测台站推广使用.     

山东大学齐鲁医院综合楼工程对济南泉水的影响分析

通过对山东大学齐鲁医院门诊保健综合楼工程建设对泉水是否影响的论证,认为场区内第四系碎屑岩孔隙裂隙水与奥陶系裂隙岩溶水为2个不同的含水系统。拟建工程在开挖深度内未揭穿第四系砾岩层,保留部分砾岩层作为基底持力层,并保持了下伏黏土的天然隔水性能,不会阻挡地下水径流补给通道,对泉水不会造成影响。     

Subduction-related hot spring-type gold mineralization in the central Tengchong block,southwestern China

Numerous present-day hot springs and associated ancient Lianghe gold deposit occur in the central Tengchong block, SW China, associated with oceanic crust subduction. From the center outwards, the alteration zones in the hot spring of the Rehai consist of alunite and silica in a breccia zone, a kaolinite and illite zone, and a chlorite, illite, kaolinite zone. The gas phase in the hot spring is dominated by CO₂ with δ¹³C ranging from −4.5‰ to −7.2‰. These features indicate a major magmatic origin of the hot spring gas. The ³He/⁴He ratios in the gas from central Tengchong vary from 1.56 to 5.88, approaching to those of the MORB. This is probably related to the ongoing subduction of the Indian plate beneath the Tengchong block. The hot spring waters in the central Tengchong block have much higher content of Au and other elements, e.g., Ag, As, Sb, and Tl, than other typical hot springs, such as Hasbrouck, Sulfer, etc. in the world. The hot springs with more mantle gas contribution and higher water temperature show more elevated Au contents, which implies that the metal in the hot spring was most likely contributed from the magmatic gas. The compiled D-O isotopes of the hot spring waters from previous studies suggest that they are primarily derived from meteoric water. A genetic model for the hot spring system in the central of Tengchong has been tentatively established. The gold-charged hot spring is genetically connected to an active magma chamber, which was produced by subduction of oceanic crust. The chamber is driving long-term surface meteoric circulation and constantly releasing magmatic volatiles enriched with metals. As hot spring water mixed with magmatic volatiles, causing decompression-boiling and forming hydraulic fractures to penetrate the roof of siliceous sinter, which induced the continuing metal deposition and formed the Lianghe hot spring.     

Origine des eaux des émergences karstiques chlorurées du Languedoc-Roussillon

The origin of chloride-rich karstic spring waters representative of the Languedoc-Roussillon region has been investigated with a hydrochemical approach. To this end, the major and trace elements most often used in the study of saline environments have been considered (Cl, SO₄, Br, B, Li). This study allowed distinguishing the different end-members of the various chloride-rich karstic spring waters (evaporitic, marine, geothermal). Associated with the Cl, Br and B contents, the Li/SO₄ ratio appeared as a relevant tracer for the determination of the origin of lithium and by extension of the considered waters. To cite this article: O. Hébrard et al., C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006).     

Formation of phreatic caves in an eogenetic karst aquifer by CO2 enrichment at lower water tables and subsequent flooding by sea level rise

Formation of extensive phreatic caves in eogenetic karst aquifers is widely believed to require mixing of fresh and saltwater. Extensive phreatic caves also occur, however, in eogenetic karst aquifers where fresh and saltwater do not mix, for example in the upper Floridan aquifer. These caves are thought to have formed in their modern settings by dissolution from sinking streams or by convergence of groundwater flow paths on springs. Alternatively, these caves have been hypothesized to have formed at lower water tables during sea level low‐stands. These hypotheses have not previously been tested against one another. Analyzing morphological data and water chemistry from caves in the Suwannee River Basin in north‐central Florida and water chemistry from wells in the central Florida carbonate platform indicates that phreatic caves within the Suwannee River Basin most likely formed at lower water tables during lower sea levels. Consideration of the hydrological and geochemical constraints posed by the upper Floridan aquifer leads to the conclusion that cave formation was most likely driven by dissolution of vadose CO₂ gas into the groundwater. Sea level rise and a wetter climate during the mid‐Holocene lifted the water table above the elevation of the caves and placed the caves tens of meters below the modern water table. When rising water tables reached the land surface, surface streams formed. Incision of surface streams breached the pre‐existing caves to form modern springs, which provide access to the phreatic caves. Phreatic caves in the Suwannee River Basin are thus relict and have no causal relationship with modern surficial drainage systems. Neither mixing dissolution nor sinking streams are necessary to form laterally extensive phreatic caves in eogenetic karst aquifers. Dissolution at water tables, potentially driven by vadose CO₂ gas, offers an underappreciated mechanism to form cavernous porosity in eogenetic carbonate rocks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

自流井有限差分模拟的校正模型

自流井是井孔-含水层系统的一种典型水文地质现象, 但在地下水资源评价和管理模型中研究较少.目前地下水数值模拟对自流井的3种处理方法均不合理, 也缺乏验证.常规地下水流有限差分法既不能准确地求出抽水井的井中水位, 也不能准确地求出自流井的流量, 必须进行校正.考虑自流井周围的径向流, 通过与井点附近地下水流的解析解相结合, 提出了矩形网格有限差分模拟的自流井校正模型, 其中考虑了自流井周围含水层存贮量的释放.算例表明, 即使用千米级大尺度网格, 本校正模型也能够获得相当精确的自流井流量, 绝大多数情况下相对误差小于5%.