青海都兰县阿斯哈金矿区花岗斑岩岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学与Hf同位素研究

阿斯哈金矿区钻孔中新发现的花岗斑岩,呈岩脉、岩株或舌状分布。岩石呈灰-灰白色,细-中粒斑状结构,块状构造。主要矿物为石英、斜长石、钾长石、黑云母及少量角闪石,副矿物有磁铁矿、钛铁矿、锆石、磷灰石和榍石等。全岩高硅(SiO_2=70.03%~72.83%),高钾(K_2O=3.96%~5.21%),低P_2O_5(0.09%~0.10%),低FeO~T/MgO(1.76~3.91),A/CNK值(1.04~1.29)多数小于1.1,为高钾钙碱性系列弱过铝质-过铝质花岗岩类岩石,具有I型花岗岩特征。样品具有轻稀土富集和中等负Eu异常(δEu=0.71~0.78)特征,且富集大离子亲石元素(LILE:K、Rb、Th、U等)、亏损高场强元素(HFSE:Nb、Ta、Ti等)。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,其结晶年龄为222.1±3.9 Ma(MSWD=5.4,n=15),形成于晚三叠世。锆石Hf同位素组成(ε_(Hf)(t)=-4.3~-1.4)和二阶段Hf模式年龄(t_(DM2)=1.34~1.53 Ga),表明新发现的花岗斑岩源于古老地壳物质的深熔或重熔,并可能有幔源物质的加入。上述特征表明,阿斯哈金矿区花岗斑岩形成于东昆仑晚古生代-早中生代构造-岩浆旋回的碰撞晚期-后碰撞阶段,可能是晚三叠世幔源岩浆底侵下地壳岩石部分熔融的产物,并在形成过程中有幔源物质的加入。此外,研究区花岗斑岩的侵位与沟里地区(包括阿斯哈)金多金属矿床的形成具有内在的联系。     

西藏则不吓铅锌矿床地质、物化探特征及找矿前景

则不吓铅锌矿床为冈底斯成矿带中部西段新发现的热液脉型铅锌矿床。依据成矿地质条件、地球化学异常、高磁异常和激电异常、矿体特征等综合分析,区内成矿元素以Pb、Zn、Ag等元素为主,是寻找中低温热液型铅锌银多金属矿的有利地区,并指示其深部可能存在隐伏岩体,地表出露的断裂构造很可能是岩浆侵入在顶部引爆形成的裂隙,而各类岩脉为深部岩体向上延伸的分支。综合认为,该矿床找矿前景很好,后续通过进一步勘查可望取得更大的找矿突破,同时应注意在热液脉型铅锌矿体深部对斑岩型钨钼铜矿或隐爆角砾岩型铅锌银矿的识别和寻找,以拓展区内找矿空间和矿种类型。     

Quantification of river water infiltration in shallow aquifers using acesulfame and anthropogenic gadolinium

This study has investigated the use of the artificial sweetener acesulfame and the magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent gadolinium as quantitative tracers for river water infiltration into shallow groundwater. The influence of a river on alluvial groundwater in a subalpine catchment in western Europe has been assessed using the ‘classical’ hydrochemical tracer chloride and the trace contaminants acesulfame and anthropogenic gadolinium. Mixing ratios for riverine bank filtrate with ambient groundwater and the uncertainties associated with the temporal and spatial tracer variability were calculated using acesulfame and gadolinium and compared with those obtained using chloride. The temporal variability of tracer concentrations in river water of gadolinium (standard deviation SD: 63%) and acesulfame (SD: 71%) both exceeded that of chloride (SD: 27%), and this was identified as the main source of uncertainty in the mixing analysis. Similar spatial distributions were detected in the groundwater for chloride and gadolinium, but not for acesulfame. Mixing analyses using acesulfame resulted in calculated mixing ratios that differed from those obtained using gadolinium and chloride by up to 83% and 92%, respectively. At the investigated site, which had oxic conditions and moderate temperatures, acesulfame was found to be a less reliable tracer than either gadolinium or chloride, probably because of natural attenuation and input from other sources. There was no statistically significant difference between the mixing ratios obtained using chloride or gadolinium, the mixing ratios obtained using gadolinium were 40–50% lower than those obtained using chloride. This is mainly due to a bias of the mean gadolinium concentration in river water towards higher values. In view of the uncertainties of the two tracers, neither could be preferred over the other for the quantification of bank filtrate in groundwater. At this specific site gadolinium was able to reliably identify river water infiltration and was a more precise tracer than chloride at low mixing ratios (<20%), because of the exclusive occurrence of gadolinium in river water and its high dynamic range. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

西太平洋Y3海山对营养盐的影响及其生态环境效应

作为大洋典型地貌特征的海山,其邻近的海洋生境并不被人熟知。依据2014年冬季对热带西太平洋Y3海山及其邻近海域的综合调查,首次探讨了该海山区海水中营养盐的分布特征及其与生态环境的耦合关系。结果表明Y3海山区是典型的热带寡营养海域。在50~125 m的深度,温跃层和高盐区双重作用对底部高浓度营养盐向上输送的阻碍,是导致真光层上部营养盐浓度较低的重要原因;同时,浮游植物和异养细菌的消耗也加剧了该区域营养盐的缺乏。Y3海山突出的地形地貌对营养盐的分布产生重要的影响,海山对流经的海流产生阻碍,形成上升流,使底部高浓度的营养盐突破温跃层和高盐区的阻碍向上输送,从而使海山周围营养盐的平均浓度高于远离海山的海域。相关性分析显示,Y3海山区真光层中营养盐浓度与温度、盐度、叶绿素a浓度和异养细菌丰度分别呈负相关、正相关、负相关(除NO₂-N外)和负相关关系。海山区特殊的营养盐分布及其与生态环境的耦合是其成为一种独特的大洋生态系统的重要因素。     

鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世延长期古湖盆生物相带划分及地质意义

鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世发育大型坳陷型湖盆。湖水的升降影响着湖盆水体面积的大小、深浅以及沉积体系发育分布,进而影响全盆地晚三叠延长统地层生储盖组合的发育特征。通过野外剖面、钻井岩芯中古生物化石的鉴定,结合古生物组合特征对鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世湖盆的古生物生态环境进行了恢复。确定鄂尔多斯晚三叠世湖盆是一个最大水深不超过60 m的浅水湖盆,属于温暖潮湿的淡水-半咸水环境。从湖岸到湖心,可以划分为预测古水深1～2 m的河流-沼泽生物相带;预测古水深3～15 m的滨岸-河口三角洲生物相带;预测古水深15～35 m的浅湖生物相带;预测古水深在35～60 m范围的半-深湖生物相带。这些生物相带的划分,为恢复鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世时期的岩相古地理奠定了基础,为盆地延长组沉积边界、盆地内沉积体系发育展布以及沉积相带的划分提供了坚实的地质依据,具有理论与实际意义。     

晴空日中尺度切变环境场与对流云团发展条件

重点应用雷达回波资料结合常规气象资料、卫星云图 ,综合分析了 50 0hPa中尺度切变与陕北南部地区对流阵性降水形成、发展条件 ,指出了 50 0hPa不同的中尺度切变与有利的环境合理配置 ,是导致对流云团发展的重要因素 ,不同特征环境风切变配置与对流单体的发展趋势、强度变化、移动和合并息息相关。     

The application of remote sensing data to diagnose soil degradation in the Dakhla depression – Western Desert,Egypt

Dakhla depression in Egypt’s Western Desert is experiencing two soil degradation processes, notably: soil salinization and sand encroachment. The present study aimed to diagnose the severity of these processes using remote sensing. Soil salinity was determined by spectral regression analysis between tasselled cap spectral transform extracted from a Landsat-8 image acquired in September 2013 along with synchronized soil salinity measurements. Assessment of sand advance rate was conducted by temporal change detection of brilliant crescentic sand dune visualized by Google Earth in old (2002) and recent (2013) images. Results showed that salinized soils (dS/m4<) represent 91% of bare lands and salinization is attributed to aridity, topography and poor drainage. Barchan dunes north and south of Abu Tartur escarpment moved at rates of 5.9 and 3.6 m/year, respectively. The escarpment protected the majority of the depression from massive dune invasion. However, sand encroachment is clearly observed west of the depression.     

对济南地区基坑降水引起既有地基沉降的认识

结合工程经验,对基坑降水引起的周边既有建筑地基沉降的影响因素进行了总结,针对采用分层总和法估算降水引起地基沉降公式中,对应附加应力段的压缩系数取值不准问题,提出了采用基于地层应力历史的降水引起周边地基沉降的估算方法,并结合工程实例对降水引起地基沉降进行了预测。     

北京商务中心区大气环境的数值模拟

北京商务中心区(Central Business District,CBD)位于北京市中心的东部,距离故宫博物院约4.5km,占地约4km2,最高建筑物超过300m,建成后会导致局地大气环境改变。采用基于k-ε湍流闭合的城市冠层模式对CBD建成后的大气环境进行模拟,结果表明:主导风向西北风时的大气通风能力稍优于次主导风向西南风,空气动力学粗糙度约5.3m,零平面位移约110.0m;浅色建筑外观、屋顶绿化及高叶面指数植被有助于气温的降低,可缓解夏季热岛效应;交通高峰时段,主要道路尤其是交叉路口的NOx浓度超过国家二级标准。上述研究结果对优化CBD规划设计有重要参考价值。     

雅鲁藏布江缝合带中部硅岩地球化学特征及构造环境制约

硅岩在雅鲁藏布江缝合带广泛发育。在 1∶ 2 5万萨嘎县幅、桑桑区幅区域地质调查中 ,在缝合带及其南侧宗卓组中识别出 3种硅岩沉积组合 :1嘎学群内与玄武岩伴生的硅岩 ;2构造混杂带内夹于页岩中的硅岩 ;3宗卓组内夹于页岩—岩屑石英杂砂岩的硅岩。在硅岩中分离出的放射虫组合时代为白垩纪。运用地球化学研究手段 ,对硅岩岩石组合、岩石化学、微量元素和稀土元素特征进行了综合分析 ,与玄武岩伴生的硅岩 Al/ (Al Fe Mn)为 0 .5 33～ 0 .5 4 6 <0 .6 19(除 9号样外 ) ,Ce/ Ce* 为 0 .6 7(平均 ) ,L an/ Ybn为 0 .83～ 1.37和 L an/ Cen为0 .82～ 2 .2 3;夹于页岩中的硅岩 Al/ (Al Fe Mn)为 0 .5 5 7～ 0 .6 19,Ce/ Ce*为 0 .995～ 1.35 0 ,L an/ Ybn为 0 .71～ 1.0 3和 L an/ Cen为 0 .6 8～ 0 .98;宗卓组内的硅岩 Al/ (Al Fe Mn)为 0 .6 15～ 0 .70 7>0 .6 19,Ce/ Ce* 为 0 .94～1.14 ,L an/ Ybn 为 1.4 4～ 1.6 6和 L an/ Cen 为 0 .85～ 1.0 7。研究证实 ,3种背景的硅岩均反映非热水或生物成因。嘎学群内与玄武岩伴生的硅岩具深水盆地沉积特征 ;宗卓组中的硅岩具典型大陆边缘沉积环境特征 ;构造混杂带内的硅岩形成于近大陆边缘环境中