青海牛鼻子梁镍矿勘查区闪长岩U-Pb年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素研究

本文对牛鼻子梁镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩体中产出的闪长岩进行了详细的U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和Hf同位素分析,以便对岩石的成因及南祁连造山带对柴达木盆地的俯冲效应予以研究。闪长岩中锆石LAICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,闪长岩的形成时代为361±3 Ma(MSWD=0.049),即晚泥盆世。岩石地球化学方面,SiO_2含量为53.44%~58.27%,Na_2O+K_2O为4.80%~6.39%,K_2O/Na_2O比值为0.33~0.97,显示出富钠的特征,岩石由钙碱性序列向高钾钙碱性序列过渡。微量元素原地地幔标准化蛛网图上显示相对富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K)及轻稀土,相对亏损高场强元素(Ta、Nb、Zr),同时Th含量介于2.03×10~(-6)~6.57×10~(-6)之间,Th/Ta比值为2.73~12.82之间,显示为壳幔混染作用的产物,另外据闪长岩中发现的辉长岩包体也表明了壳幔岩浆的混合。闪长岩Hf同位素显示,岩石的ε_(Hf)(t)值和二阶段模式年龄(TDM2)分别介于±6.41~±9.36和714~878Ma之间。上述结果表明,岩体的原始岩浆是一种幔源物质为主,混合新生陆壳部分熔融的产物。综合区域岩石构造背景的研究,认为牛鼻子梁闪长岩岩体形成于南祁连向柴达木板块俯冲碰撞后伸展的环境。     

Isotope geochemistry of Mississippi Valley Type stratabound F-Ba-(Pb-Zn) ores of Hammam Zriba (Province of Zaghouan,NE Tunisia)

The Hammam Zriba F-Ba-(Zn-Pb) ore deposit in the Province of Zaghouan in north-eastern Tunisia is hosted in the shallow dipping unconformity between green marls with chalky biomicritic limestones of Campanian age and Uppermost Jurassic carbonates. The mineralization consists mainly of fluorite and barite with minor sphalerite and galena. Calcite is the main gangue mineral. Two types of Zn-Pb sulfides can be distinguished according to the geometry of the orebodies, i.e., lenticular or stratiform ores, intra-karstic fillings. Sulfur isotope compositions (δ³⁴S) of barite range from 14.7 to 17.2‰, indicating that sulfur was derived from Triassic evaporites and the higher ones (19–25.7‰) are due to reservoir effect associated with thermo-chemical sulfate reduction (TSR) or bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) under conditions of restricted sulfate supply. δ³⁴S of galena and sphalerite in lenticluar and intra-karstic orebodies range from −13.8 to 2.1‰, and could be explained by multiple sources of reduced sulfur: Triassic evaporites, diagenetic primary sulfides as well as sulfur from organic matter. Both TSR and BSR as potential contributors of sulfur are needed for sulfide precipitation. Lead isotope compositions of galena exhibit very similar: ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (18.858–18.876), ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (15.667–15.684), and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (38.680–38.747) ratios, and plot between the upper crust and orogene average growth curves, reflecting involvement of a mixing and subsequent homogenization of Pb isotopic compositions of different source Pb reservoirs. The underlying Paleozoic basement rocks were the plausible source of metals. The economic ore (fluorite F1) mineralization was formed during the Eocene-Miocene compressional phase. During this deformation phase, deep-seated basinal brines have been circulated as hydrothermal fluids that have interacted with the Paleozoic rocks, thereby leaching metals, and have been channelized through subsidiary faults associated with the major regional NE–SW-trending deep-seated Zaghouan-Ressas fault. Hydrothermal fluids then migrated to the site of deposition where they got mixed with shallow, cooler, metal-depleted, TSR- and BSR-derived sulfur-rich fluids, which triggered the precipitation of the ores.     

Paleogene magmatism and gold metallogeny of the Jinping terrane in the Ailaoshan ore belt,Sanjiang Tethyan Orogen (SW China): Geology,deposit type and tectonic setting

The Jinping terrane is situated in the southern segment of the Ailaoshan ore belt, Sanjiang Tethyan Orogen (SW China). The Paleogene intrusions in Jinping consist of syenite porphyry, fine-grained syenite and biotite granite stocks/dikes, and contain relatively low TiO₂ (0.21–0.38 wt%), P₂O₅ (0.01–0.35 wt%), and high Na₂O (2.00–4.62 wt%) and K₂O (4.48–7.06 wt%), belonging to high-K alkaline series. Paleogene gold mineralization in Jinping comprises four genetic types, i.e., orogenic, alkali-rich intrusion-related, porphyry and supergene laterite. The NW–NNW-trending faults and their subsidiaries are the major ore-controlling structures. The orogenic Au mineralization, dominated by polymetallic sulfide-quartz veins, occurs in the diorite and minor in Silurian-Devonian sedimentary rocks. It contains a CO₂-rich mesothermal fluid system generated from the mixing of mantle-derived fluids with crustal-derived metamorphic fluids, and the ore-forming materials were upper crustal- or orogenic-derived. The alkali-rich intrusion-related Au mineralization is hosted in the Ordovician-Silurian sedimentary rocks and minor in the Paleogene alkaline intrusions, and the Au orebodies occur predominantly in the alteration halos. It contains a CO₂-bearing, largely metamorphic-sourced mesothermal fluid system, and the ore-forming materials were derived from the ore-hosting rocks and minor from the alkali-rich intrusions. The porphyry Cu-Mo-Au mineralization occurs in the granite/syenite porphyries and/or along their contact skarn, with the mineralizing fluids being magmatic-hydrothermal in origin. The former two hypogene Au mineralization types in Jinping were mainly formed in the late Eocene (ca. 34–33 Ma) and slightly after the porphyry Cu-Mo-Au mineralization (ca. 35–34 Ma), which is coeval with the regional Himalayan orogenic event. Subsequent weathering produced the laterite Au mineralization above or near the hypogene Au orebodies.     

Petrogenesis and metallogenic potential of the Jurassic porphyries in the northwest Zhejiang Province,South China: insights from SHRIMP zircon geochronology,geochemistry, and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes of the Huangbaikeng ore-bearing porphyries

The northwest Zhejiang Province is a key domain for providing deep insight into the crust–mantle interaction and tectonic evolution of the South China block. In this paper, we collect geochemical, geochronological, and isotopic data of the Jurassic porphyries in this region, and investigated the Huangbaikeng ore-bearing porphyry in the Tongcun Mo–Cu deposit, using it as an example to uncover the porphyry petrogenesis and evaluate their metallogenic potential. Two varieties of the Huangbaikeng porphyry were distinguished: the medium- to coarse-grained type and medium- to fine-grained type. Zircon Sensitive High-Resolution Ion Microprobe U–Pb dating indicates that they were emplaced at 161.8 ± 2.8 and 162.7 ± 3.5 Ma, respectively, which are consistent with the molybdenite Re–Os ages of 163.9–161.8 Ma. The inherited zircons age spectrum significantly recorded a series of geological events, for example, assembly and breakup of the Columbia and Rodinia supercontinent, and the Triassic collision of Yangtze and North China blocks. Whole rock Sr–Nd and Jurassic zircon Hf isotopic data yield mostly negative ε_Hf(t) values (0.5 to ?8.4) and ε_Nd(t) values (?0.79 to ?4.82). Besides the Huangbaikeng porphyry, all the Jurassic porphyries in the northwest Zhejiang Province have a wide range of SiO₂ contents (76.78–60.91 wt.%). They do not contain typical aluminous minerals (e.g. cordierite and garnet), and are mainly metaluminous to weakly peraluminous with high Na₂O, low FeO^T/MgO, and Zr + Nb + Ce + Y concentrations in composition. They thus fit the I-type granite definition. Some major and trace elements show strong correlations with SiO₂, possibly indicating extensive fractional crystallization during their magma evolution. Tectonic discriminations imply that these plutons were likely formed in a volcanic arc regime possibly related to subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific plate. Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data suggest a mixed source of the Mesoproterozoic crust and 30–50% mantle components. Compared with the adjacent Dexing Cu-bearing porphyies, which have more positive ε_Hf(t) and ε_Nd(t) values with more significant mantle components (55–70%), the Jurassic porphyries in the northwest Zhejiang Province probably lack metallogenic potential to form a giant porphyry copper deposit as Dexing.     

Geochemical characteristics of mud volcano fluids in the southern margin of the Junggar basin,NW China: implications for fluid origin and mud volcano formation mechanisms

Mud volcanoes can provide important information about the underlying strata, hydrocarbon accumulation, and recent neotectonic movements in an area. The fluids erupting from mud volcanoes provide important information about their formation and evolution. The ion concentration and the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of the fluids that were erupted from the three mud volcano groups, Baiyanggou, Aiqigou, and Dushanzi, and nearby rivers in the southern margin of the Junggar basin, northwestern China, are studied. The concentrations of Na and Cl in mud volcano fluids are clearly elevated, displayed as the Na-Cl type. The δD and δ18O values of the fluids are similar between the Baiyanggou and Dushanzi mud volcanoes, which are mainly from ancient sedimentary pore water. However, the Aiqigou mud volcano is depleted in dissolved Cl and shows lower δ18O values with mixed sources, including deep pore and local meteoric water. Two types of mud volcanoes are proposed in this study. One type is low-energy mud volcanoes with a low volume of fluid of deep origin on the hillcrest, which display as mud pool/pie/hole. The other type is high-energy mud volcanoes having mixed fluid origin in the valley and formed in the shape of a mud cone (dome).     

Detrital zircon U–Pb ages and whole-rock geochemistry of the Neoproterozoic Paulistana and Santa Filomena complexes,Borborema Province,northeastern Brazil: implications for source area composition,provenance, and tectonic setting

The Paulistana and Santa Filomena Complexes are situated in the southern part of the Borborema Province (northeastern Brazil), in the Riacho do Pontal Orogen, and represent meta-volcano-sedimentary sequences. We present compositional variations in the metasedimentary rocks and new U–Pb detrital zircon data. Major and trace elements indicate that the metasedimentary rocks from the Paulistana and Santa Filomena Complexes are composed mostly of immature to mature sediments derived from felsic-intermediate sources with moderate to slightly high chemical weathering. The geochemical signatures of the sediment protoliths for both complexes are characteristic of continental magmatic arc settings with minor contribution from recycled sediment sources. The source area for the Paulistana Complex rocks follow the compositional trend between calc-alkaline granites and granodiorites, whereas the Santa Filomena Complex rocks have a more restricted composition trending to more granodioritic sources. For the Paulistana Complex, two main source ages were identified: (1) Tonian (ca. 950 Ma – sample RPE-58) and Tonian–Stenian (ca. 1.0 Ga – sample RPE-103). These data coupled with geochemical information suggest that the Cariris Velhos arc system was the main source area for the Paulistana Complex. Regarding the Santa Filomena metasedimentary rocks, potential source-areas include: (1) Neoarchaean rocks (~2.6 Ga) represented by the adjacent basement rocks of the Riacho do Pontal Orogen; (2) Rhyacian–Orosirian rocks (2.2–2.0 Ga) of the Riacho do Pontal Orogen and the Pernambuco–Alagoas terrain, which include an augen-gneiss with arc-related geochemical signature; (3) Statherian granites (1.7–1.6 Ga); and (4) Cariris Velhos crust (1000–920 Ma). The metasedimentary rocks of the Paulistana Complex were deposited in a rift stage (ca. 900 Ma), which is related to the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. The metasedimentary rocks of the Santa Filomena Complex most probably were deposited in another rift stage (ca. 750–700 Ma) and could be correlatives of the rift formation of the Canindé Domain (Sergipano Orogen).     

Petrogenesis and geodynamic setting of the Triassic granitoid plutons in West Qinling,China: insights from LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb ages,Lu–Hf isotope signatures and geochemical characteristics of the Zhongchuan pluton

West Qinling is one of the most important parts of the Qinling orogenic belt and includes acidic–intermediate plutons and many types of ore deposits. In this article, we collected geochemical and geochronological data for the Triassic granitoid plutons of West Qinling and found that nearly all plutons share the similar features with the Zhongchuan pluton. We present new laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) zircon U–Pb ages, major and trace element geochemistry, and zircon Hf isotope systematics for the granites of the Zhongchuan pluton to elucidate the evolution of granitoid plutons in West Qinling during the Triassic. LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the Xujiaba and Guandigou units formed at 220.1 ± 1.2 and 215.9 ± 0.85 Ma, respectively, reflecting the time of the Late Triassic. The rocks of the Zhongchuan pluton are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous and have a high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonite series with high SiO₂ (63.59–76.22%) and low P₂O₅ (0–0.2%) concentrations, a high K₂O/Na₂O ratio (1.18–17.92), a high differentiation index (78.45–93.04) and a medium A/CNK ratio (0.98–1.69). The zircon Hf isotope dating indicates that the Xujiaba and Guandigou units have an inhomogeneous ε_Hf(t) (?4.425 to 1.067 for Xujiaba and ?4.920 to 2.042 for Guandigou) and two-stage Hf model ages (1123–1531 Ma for Xujiaba and 1115–2342 Ma for Guandigou). The geochemical and isotopic data imply that the granites of each unit share the same origin. They probably derived from the partial melt of metagreywackes and then mixed with the mantle-derived magma. Based on the regional geological history, petrographic characteristics and new geochemical and isotopic data of the Zhongchuan pluton, we suggest that the Triassic magma was derived from the partial melts of metagreywackes and was influenced by the mantle-derived melt during the collision of the Yangtze and Qinling plates.     

The Varre-Sai chondrite,a Brazilian fall: petrology and geochemistry

The Varre-Sai meteorite fell along the border of the states of Espirito Santo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; on 19 June 2010 at 5:40 pm. Petrography and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) indicate that the rock is an L5 S4 chondrite, with blastoporphyritic texture that has not been previously described. Geochemical data based on major and rare-earth elements (REEs) show that Varre-Sai is highly similar to the other L chondrites. In Harker diagrams, Varre-Sai, L, and LL chondrites form a single group, suggesting no significant chemical differences between them and contributing to the long-standing debate of whether LL chondrites form a distinct group or whether they are a subset of the L group. Harker diagrams also define a trend from E to H and L/LL chondrites, similar to the cosmochemical trends suggested by other authors. The behaviour of Fe₂O_3t and NiO indicates a relationship with Fe-Ni alloys, and their trend in the diagram suggests some chemical differentiation in the ordinary chondrite parental bodies. The REE content in Varre-Sai, normalized to C chondrites, falls in the field of L chondrites and others, but with slight REE enrichment. The chemical differences in chondrites, mainly in REEs, Fe₂O_3t and NiO could be alternatively interpreted as variations in the inherited agglutinated materials as chondrules, Ca–Al-rich inclusions and Fe–Ni nodules.     

新疆北部青河县阿斯喀尔特铍矿区花岗质岩石年代学及地球化学特征

新疆北部青河县阿斯喀尔特铍矿床的形成与岩浆活动密切相关,是中国花岗岩型铍矿床的典型代表。对矿区斑状二云母二长花岗岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测试,获得其加权平均年龄为(216.7±2.8)Ma(MSWD=0.48),表明该岩体形成时代为晚三叠世,据此限定阿斯喀尔特铍矿床成矿时代略晚于216 Ma,为晚三叠世—早侏罗世。岩石具有高硅(w(Si O2)=70.86%~76.34%)、富碱(ALK=5.54~9.30)、富铝(w(Al_2O_3)=13.00%~14.74%,A/CNK=0.99~1.23)、低钛(w(Ti O2)=0.02%~0.18%)和镁(w(Mg O)=0.02%~1.21%)特征,为过铝质中钾-高钾岩石系列。稀土元素配分型式显示LREE的相对弱富集,HREE较平坦以及Eu弱-中等的负异常(δEu=0.37~0.90),呈略右倾型。微量元素Ba、Sr、Hf、Ti等具负异常,Rb、Th、K、Nb、Ta、La、Ce、Nd、Sm等具正异常,Rb/Sr比值较高(9.34~26.81),显示出S型花岗岩特征。结合区域资料,认为阿斯喀尔特铍矿矿区印支期花岗岩形成于后造山构造阶段,可能是上地壳含砂泥质岩石部分熔融的产物。     

江苏仑山金矿床流体包裹体、稳定同位素和成矿年代学研究

仑山金矿床位于宁镇矿集区东端。成矿期分为沉积成矿期和热液成矿期,后者可进一步划分为热液Ⅰ阶段和热液Ⅱ阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,热液Ⅰ阶段石英中的气液两相流体包裹体均一温度多集中在330~366℃之间,盐度w(Na Cl_(eq))变化于4.96%~6.74%之间,热液Ⅰ阶段方解石中气液两相流体包裹体均一温度多集中在150~240℃之间,w(Na Cl_(eq))变化于0.71%~9.80%之间,成矿流体为中高温低盐度流体;热液Ⅱ阶段石英、方解石和萤石的流体包裹体均一温度变化于124~260℃,盐度w(Na Cl_(eq))变化于1%~8%之间,成矿流体为中温低盐度流体。氢、氧同位素研究表明,热液Ⅰ阶段成矿流体为岩浆流体,热液Ⅱ阶段成矿流体以大气降水占主导,但仍有少量岩浆流体。硫同位素研究表明,仑山金矿床沉积成矿期硫除来源于三叠系青龙群膏盐层外,有机质也参与了沉积成矿期中金矿的形成。热液Ⅰ阶段硫来源于沉积成岩阶段黄铁矿的活化迁移和富集,岩浆硫也提供了成矿物质。萤石Sm-Nd测年分析表明,仑山金矿床热液Ⅱ阶段成矿年龄为(93.7±3.1)Ma,推断主成矿阶段形成于晚白垩世。仑山金矿床的形成代表着长江中下游成矿带最晚期的成矿作用。