Geographical Publications

Abstract

Project Marco Polo provided the opportunity for teachers and students to experience Egypt and the eastern Mediterranean firsthand through the lens of a geographer, archeologist, and oceanographer. The National Geographic Society and U.S. Navy collaborated to provide meaningful applied geography field experiences for teacher and student participants. In addition, participants developed a global perspective which enabled them to better understand the interrelationship of the region's diverse cultures and lands.     

Play: The handmaiden of work

The natural habitat of geomorphologists is at play in the fields of the Lord. Picnics, not the work ethic, often motivate the most productive. As in the field, so too in the mind, creative insights derive from the play of ideas. As in much of science today, Earth scientists are called upon to ‘solve’ immediate problems, but problems whose solutions lie at the cutting edge of the research frontier. The impact of anthropogenic activities in the context of natural processes, the playground where many geomorphologists work, requires continuous reciprocal exchange between research and application. Apologies are not needed for choices of orientation, but only for destructive separation.     

FW-610型地下管线非开挖铺设钻机设计

利用水平螺旋钻进铺设地下管道的方法,并在此基础上对其进行钻进工艺方法改进,在降低钻机动力消耗、减小体积、降低制造成本的基础上,设计一种小型钻机,适用于我国非开挖施工市场的短距离、小跨度的地下管线穿越施工。     

“A world in a grain of sand”: towards a reconceptualisation of geographical scale

Difficulties in relating local scale change to broader dynamics of social and economic restructuring continue to be reflected in much geographical research. This paper argues that inadequate conceptualisations of geographical scale restrict the relevance of much research to the agenda of an applied peoples' geography. A framework which conceptualises geographical scale as dialectically and internally related to the totality of social relations, is proposed and discussed with examples from remote mining regions in Australia.     

A study of the empirical functions of the height fields over India and their relation with the rainfall

The empirical orthogonal functions have been obtained for the individual summer monsoon (June through September) months using the grid point values of monthly 700 mb geopotential heights over Indian region. The data for 21 summer monsoon months for the years 1958 to 1978 have been used in the present computation. The major variance reduction is due to the first three dominant functions accounting over 80% of the total variance in each month. The variance reduction only due to the first function ranges from 45 to 65%. The first function has in-pbase oscillation throughout the area indicating that the area under study is homogeneous and the centre of the oscillation lies over northwest India. The amplitudes of the first function also show generally quasipers stence in their sign within a season. The second function has two centres of action over the region of monsoon trough which are in phase. The third function has also two centres oriented in the east-west direction but they are in the opposite phase. Fairly large values of correlation coefficients between the patterns of the different monsoon months suggest that the patterns for these months corresponding to the first and the second functions respectively are quite similar. The patterns for these months also evolve with time in a related way. The spectrum analysis to the time series of amplitudes indicates the presence of the quasi-periodicity of 3 years during these monsoon months. The amplitudes corresponding to the dominant functions are found to be significantly related with the rainfall of central and western parts of India     

从勘查地球化学到应用地球化学

勘查地球化学是在20世纪从一门探矿技术发展成一门年轻的地学分支科学.进入21世纪,它可能为解决资源与环境关键问题做出许多从事勘查地球化学工作的人都未预料到的重大贡献.由于它的发展今后可能超越它原有的局限,因而称之为应用地球化学更符合它的发展方向.应用地球化学是尚未成形的一门科学.它是许多化学家、地球化学家、地质学家、物理学家、数学家、农学家与环境学家的多学科学术活动.由此产生了一种国际学术杂志“应用地球化学(appliedgeochemistry)”,但应用地球化学的研究成果散见于许多杂志,还没有一个学术团体以此命名.因而,国际勘查地球化学家协会大可借此机会改名为应用地球化学家协会,以便吸收多学科的人才,为解决人类资源与环境中关键问题共同努力.周期表上所有元素不同尺度不同性质的地球化学图已成为解决资源与环境关键问题的最重要的基础图件.勘查地球化学家多年研究地球化学填图的思路与方法可以帮助其它学科扩大视野,而多学科的融合将使改名为应用地球化学的勘查地球化学的研究得以更深入的发展.     

Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) germination and survival in black-grama (Bouteloua eriopoda) grassland: relations between microsite and heteromyid rodent (Dipodomys spp.) impact

Prosopis pallida H.B.K. is one of the most economically and ecologically important tree species in the arid and semi-arid lands of the American continent. Sections of P. pallida were used to describe its wood anatomy and to determine whether annual rings were visible or not. Results showed that P. pallida has well-differentiated annual growth rings and is therefore suitable for dendrochronological studies. Tree ring chronologies correlate well with precipitation events related to El Niño Southern Oscillation phases. A master chronology for the northern area of Peru was built with these data, and some physiological derivations from the anatomy of P. pallida wood are discussed.     

内蒙古土地荒漠化定性定量研究

通过对阴山北麓四旗为期5年的家计的问卷调查,和不同草地的连续样方数据等样本进行分析,对影响草地生物多样性、草地景观、草地生态功能及其生态系统的食物链、能流和物流的干扰因素进行分析,得出阴山北麓四旗土地退化的人文因素。运用现代统计模型计算出各因素所占的比重,并就土地退化的人文因素进行成因分析,得出农业文化入侵是造成土地退化的文化根源,制度安排不合理是其土地退化的制度原因。     

应用地球物理数据处理与分析

从理论和方法技术两个角度讨论了应用地球物理学数据分析当前存在的问题,并对当前学科发展前沿的非线性反演问题进行了重点分析。笔者认为,当前这个领域主要存在８个理论问题,它们影响了学科的发展,同时还存在４个方法技术问题,限制了应用效果。由于从地球物理数据中提取信息和数据处理中不可避免地产生人造假象是相互矛盾的,当前的研究方向是“最大限度地从地球物理数据中提取信息的同时,有效地抑制人造假象”。主要的研究应集中在非线性技术与地球物理反演的结合部上,以开创非线性反演的理论体系。这个体系应突破正则化思维的束缚,引入非线性系统自组织、地球物理场的非线性属性等新概念,融信息科学、数理科学与地球科学为一体,为全球能源资源的勘查开发和环境监控服务。     

利用排矸石配制钢纤维高强混凝土的试验研究

大巴沟隧道排矸将对环境造成污染。同时，阜新地区石料相对缺乏，再生利用隧道排矸石和开发新的石料供应基地具有十分重要的现实意义。论文对大巴沟隧道排矸石的物理力学性质进行了试验研究，获得了排矸石的物理力学性能指标。为了进一步研究其力学性质，将其粉碎后，作为粗骨料配制成钢纤维混凝土，并测定其抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度等指标。利用均匀设计方法对试验结果进行优化，得到了回归方程，具有重要的科学价值。同时得到在此试验条件下，排矸石钢纤维混凝土的抗压强度值可达到83．683MPa，抗拉强度可达到9．378MPa。试验和理论分析结果表明，排矸石钢纤维混凝土具有抗拉强度大、抗变形能力强等特点。可广泛应用于建筑工程、桥梁工程、路基路面工程、港口和海洋工程中。具有广泛的推广应用前景和显著的社会效益、经济效益与环境效益。