天津地区中深,深井水位动态变化与地震活动的关系

本文针对不同井孔的不同水位形态,采用了一元线性回归法,月距平法,维涅第科夫调和分析法和模型从属函数识别法,分别处理了增４井,汉１井和辛庄进水位的共约７５０００多个数据,获得了单井异常判据指标。结果表明增４进呼辛庄井水位对唐山老震区,天津地区及其附近４００ｋｍ范围内的Ｍｓ５．０以上地震有一定的映震能力。该结果对今后用地下水位的变化分析预报地震有参考价值。     

浙北地区夏季异常高温的一种长期预报方法

本文提出了预报浙北地区夏季出现异常高温的一种长期预报方法,采用逻辑结构形式方法来描述预报对象和预报因子之间的关系,并用数理逻辑中的命题公式来描述本文的预报问题,进行逻辑推理预报。从历史资料的回报结果和1990年的预报结果来看,效果是令人满意的。最后,对提出的方法进行了若干讨论。     

福建雨季降水异常的特征分析

本文取全省25个代表站1960－1999年5－6月的降水资料和北半球500hPa，北太平洋海温的月平均资料为素材，首先标定降水的异常指数和异常年例，其次应用小波分析，自相关，功率谱和周期分析等方法揭示降水的演变规律。最后分析异常降水的500hPa环流背景和海温特征，所得结果可为我省的短期气候预测提供线索。     

音频大地电磁测量法（AMT）在莒县地区地热勘查中的应用

利用音频大地电磁测量（AMT）法在莒县东部沭东新区进行地热资源勘查,通过前期实地踏勘和对采集的数据经过各项处理后进行反演,结合地热资源赋存有关的水文地质条件,对反演图件进行推断解释,查明了区内主要断裂构造位置、产状、规模及地下热储层深度,取得了较好的应用效果。     

Spatio-temporal changes in heat waves and cold spells: an analysis of 55 U.S. cities

With observed increases in global temperatures indicating changes to anomalous temperature events (ATE), few studies have considered the changes associated with both heat and cold together. This study evaluates the changes in heat waves and cold spells for 55 U.S. metropolitan areas (1948–2012). Using surface observations, thresholds of mean apparent temperature were used to define heat, extreme heat, cold, and extreme cold events. Days that exceeded the 95th temperature percentile were considered heat days. Similar values were used to define extreme heat (97.5th), cold (5th), and extreme cold (2.5th). Thresholds were calculated independently for each of the locations, incorporating spatial variability into the ATE definition. Changes in duration, seasonal timing, and frequency, all of which have been shown to be important characteristics in regard to heat and cold events, were evaluated. Significant changes in some characteristics were found. Across many locations, heat events have become more frequent, longer lasting, and earlier occurring, while cold spells have experienced an opposite trend. Since heat and cold events impact a range of ecological and bioclimatological processes, understanding the variability and changes associated with ATE remains an important aspect to consider as society prepares for future events.     

四川汶川8级地震地应力异常——来自压磁频率应力测量系统的记录

2008年5月12日四川汶川发生8级特大地震,我们利用压磁频率测量系统在1000多公里以外记录了这一震惊世界的自然灾害。汶川地震发震前94天,地应力出现大幅度快速变化的短期地震前兆,三个受力元件分别受压633.5 Pa、1512 Pa、4561.4 Pa。临震前几小时指向震中方向的元件出现4次脉冲式突跳的临震异常,然后大地震发生了。距离震中1000多公里的中国辐射防护研究院台站（简称：中辐院台）完整地记录了大地震前表层剧烈形变的力量加强过程,这验证了李四光先生1973年提出的“在较大范围内、不同的活动断裂上,不同的地点可以获得相同的应力状态”的论点。本测量系统具有灵敏度高、动态性能好的优点,它抗干扰能力强,克服了采用电压、阻抗、电感信号传输的测量系统长期测值不稳定的干扰因素。该压磁频率应力测量系统不仅可安装在山地岩石中,也可应用于广大平原地区。可测量到快速变化的地震面波,能获取短临地震前兆信息,传感器安装在土层或岩层中,都能起到预报地震的效果,因而具有非常广阔的应用前景。     

矿井电磁技术在煤矿安全领域的应用现状及进展

针对矿井电磁技术在煤矿安全保障领域的应用现状,例举了矿井直流电法、矿井瞬变电磁法、矿井无线电波坑道透视法等技术在井下所使用的仪器、装置形式、工作参数、工作环境及能够解决的地质问题与探测精度,指出矿井电磁勘探技术在探明巷道前方与及工作面两侧与顶底板内的含导水构造、断层、破碎带、岩溶、积水采空区等方面具有独特优势,特别是对呈低阻异常的富水范围的圈定,其准确率较高。     

世界海洋蒸发波导时空统计规律研究

The statistical features of the evaporation duct over the global ocean were comprehensively investigated with reanalysis data sets from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction.These data sets have time and spatial resolutions of 1 h and 0.313°×0.312°,respectively.The efficiency of the analysis was evaluated by processing weather buoy data from the Pacific Ocean and measuring propagation loss in the Yellow Sea of China.The distribution features of evaporation duct height(EDH) and the related meteorological factors for different seas were analyzed.The global EDH is generally high and demonstrates a latitudinal distribution for oceans at low latitudes.The average EDH is approximately 11 m over oceans beside the equator with a latitude of less than 20°.The reasons for the formation of the global EDH features were also analyzed for different sea areas.     

海洋电场采集电极极差自动补偿方法设计

针对海洋电磁勘探的低频、微弱电场信号采集中电极与放大采集电路的耦合问题,提出了一种支持直流耦合的电极极差自动补偿放大采集电路设计方法,给出了系统设计实现,详细介绍了电极极差自动补偿放大采集电路和自动补偿控制算法.测试结果表明,所设计的电极极差自动补偿方法可将0.1～0.7 mV的电极极差自动补偿至0.043～0.074 mV,均控制在0.1 mV以内,满足了海洋电场采集直流耦合的需求,降低了电场采集电路对不极化Ag/AgC1电极的极差设计要求,可有效应用于海洋低频电场信号采集.     

A heat pulse technique for the determination of small‐scale flow directions and flow velocities in the streambed of sand‐bed streams

The hyporheic zone (HZ) has the capability to eliminate and attenuate nutrients and contaminants in riverine systems. Biogeochemical reactions and the potential elimination of contaminants are strongly controlled by the flow paths and dynamics in the HZ. Nevertheless, an easily applicable method for the field determination of flow patterns in the HZ is still lacking. Therefore, a heat pulse technique, which traces the movement of a short heat pulse in the upper part of the HZ and other sand beds, was developed. Five rods are vertically driven into the sediment of the streambed; one rod with a heater as point source located in about 10‐cm sediment depth and four rods with four temperature sensors in 3 cm distance, arranged concentrically with 7 cm diameter around the heating rod. Subsequently, a heat pulse is applied and the resulting breakthrough curves are indicative of flow velocities and flow directions in the streambed. A rough data analysis procedure is also suggested. In addition, laboratory experiments were performed to test the heat pulse technique. These experiments were validated based on coupled numerical modelling of flow and heat transport. First field tests of the method prove that the method is easily applicable under field conditions. These first field tests showed highly complex flow patterns with flow velocities from 1·8 to 4·9 cm min^?1 and flow directions from parallel to surface flow to opposite to surface flow. This suggests the need for a robust method to quantify hyporheic flow patterns in situ. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.