总磁异常△T与油气田火山岩展布研究

东海某油气田研究区分布有火山岩。鉴于火山岩具有磁性这一特征,基于总磁异常△T成果,采用总磁异常△T变倾角化极技术、小波多尺度分解技术,研究了火山岩在该区的展布与厚度。研究结果表明,具备必需的物性、磁性体分布规模等条件,在油气田开发中采用磁测成果研究磁性体展布是可行的。     

中国西北地区大范围极端高温事件的大气环流异常特征

 利用中国西北5省(区)90个台站1961—2005年的逐日气温资料,分析了西北五省(区)发生大范围极端高温事件时的大气环流异常特征。结果表明,当出现大范围极端高温事件时,100 hPa南亚高压强度偏强并北移至西北地区上空,副高脊线偏北,同时500 hPa高度场上有一与温度暖中心相匹配的闭合高压单体控制着西北地区,西北地区上空大气高(中低)层为负(正)温度距平。此外,西北地区上空下沉气流强度明显偏强,下沉运动加强中心在300 hPa高度左右。与此同时,除了新疆西南部,西北其他地区的散度场形势都是大气上层辐合,下层辐散,并且辐合辐散强度都偏强,其中的辐合带主要位于150～300 hPa高度,辐合中心及其加强中心在200 hPa高度左右。     

陆地平均空间重力异常推值方法的研究

阐述了适用于陆地5'×5'网格内无重力点，但周围一定范围内有重力点时，其平均空间重力异常的推值方法。包括推值的数学模型、推值窗口的确定。推值已知重力点的选取及推值重力点权的确定等。最后用外部检核的方法，估计了推值的实际精度。     

江南汛期降水基本气候特征及其与海温异常关系初探

分析了江南汛期降水异常的基本气候特征。指出:雨季开始于3月,雨量集中于春末夏初(4～6月),是中国东部雨季开始和结束均最早的地区。江南汛期降水近50年来略有减少的趋势。影响江南汛期降水的海温异常关键区位于9～1°S,121～129°E,关键影响时段为前一年的5～7月。长时间的海气相互作用使前期的海温异常影响了后期的大气环流,导致江南地区次年汛期的降水异常。     

1994年7月我国东部降水异常成因的数值研究

应用ｐ－σ五层原始方程模式，以实际观测得到的阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾异常源为依据，进行了一系列敏感性试验，研究了１９９４年７月我国东部降水异常的成因。结果表明，阿拉伯海，孟加拉湾上空异常热源的维持是造成这次我国华南华北涝，江准流域干旱的重要因子，此外，还对异常热源的影响机制作了讨论。     

Separation of volatile components from rocks under mechanical loading as the source of hydrogeochemical anomalies preceding earthquakes

One of the most important problems for the theory and practice of earthquake prediction is that of the source of substances in the formation of precursory hydrogeochemical anomalies. Volatile components that are separated from rocks at mechanical loading present one of the sources. A large-scale model experiment is conducte with a 50 000-ton press; the results reveal the regularities of water, radon, mercury, and helium separation from large basalt and granite samples that are subjected to a cyclically increasing, uniaxial pressure to fracture (at 75 and 180 MPa for basalt and granite, respectively). Premonitory rock fracture is found to be accompanied by the separation of volatile components from rocks. Predictive properties of the components are associated with their chemical nature and the forms in which they exist in rocks. Water release during mechanical loading increases gradually with the increase in loading. Helium separation begins at the early stages of the cracking process. Comparison of the data on degassing with data on bulk strain and acoustic emission shows that the major part of radon is released at the stage of avalanche-type crack interaction and at the dynamic stage of the formation of an earthquake source, whereas mercury degasses mainly at the dynamic stage immediately before fracture of the sample.     

Benthic macroinvertebrate communities of three tropical,warm monomictic Mexican lakes

Most studies of benthic macroinvertebrate communities are from shallow lakes or restricted to the littoral zone of deep, temperate lakes, with just a few dealing with the deep benthos. Furthermore, the deep benthic macroinvertebrate communities of tropical lakes are almost unknown. The present work describes the benthic macroinvertebrate communities of three tropical, warm monomictic lakes in “Lagunas de Montebello” National Park, Mexico, by describing the differences along the bathymetric profile, from the littoral down to the profound benthos. We studied the benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the two contrasting hydrodynamic periods of the warm monomictic lakes: a) stratification, when the hypolimnion becomes anoxic, and b) mixing, when the water column becomes oxygenated. We expected: 1) a reduction in the benthic macroinvertebrate taxonomic richness, density, and biomass from the littoral to the deep zone, 2) an impoverished benthic macroinvertebrate community while stratified (anoxia) compared to mixing (oxygenated), and 3) depletion in the taxonomic richness, density, and biomass of the profundal benthic macroinvertebrates in the tropical compared to temperate lakes. We found: 1) a decreasing trend in taxonomic richness (6 ± 2–3 ± 1 taxa), density (1868.7 ± 1069.7–349.1 ± 601.8 in. m⁻²) and biomass (277.8 ± 188.9–85.1 ± 95.6 mg C m⁻²) from the littoral to the deep zone; chironomids dominated the littoral zone, while oligochaetes dominated the deep zone. 2) Lower density and biomass but not taxonomic richness while stratified (4 ± 3 taxa; 586.2 ± 527.6 in. m⁻²; 81.6 ± 164.3 mg C m⁻²) compared to mixing (4 ± 3 taxa; 877.5 ± 1051.4 in. m⁻²; 190.1 ± 131.1 mg C m⁻²). 3) lower taxonomic richness and density but not biomass in tropical Montebello oligotrophic lakes (3 ± 3 taxa; 349.1 ± 601.8 in. m⁻²; 85.1 ± 195.6 mg C m⁻²) compared to temperate analogous (2–48 taxa; 492−83,189 8 in. m⁻²; 0.13−201.5 mg m⁻²). We conclude the early onset and long-lasting hypolimnetic anoxia restrict the benthic macroinvertebrate community radiation and diversification in tropical, oligotrophic, warm monomictic lakes.     

宁波ZK03井动水位观测中的干扰异常现象分析

通过对宁波地震台ZK03井动水位9年多的观测资料分析,发现该井动水位观测中主要存在3个方面非人为因素干扰引起的异常现象.①强降雨干扰引起的异常,特征为测值阶跃式上升,但变化幅度不大,易识别;②气压突变引起的干扰,为测值脉冲式向上突跳,但不多见;③公用数采接触不良干扰,引起的是整点测值大幅度上下振荡,结果造成观测数据无效...     

中国东部海区编图及基本地学特征

随着我国海洋区域地质调查事业的发展,编制新的海区地质地球物理图件显得非常必要.中国东部海区1∶100万地质地球物理系列图包括空间重力异常图、布格重力异常图、磁力异常图、表层沉积物分布图和区域构造图.本研究通过利用数字化编图技术对新旧资料进行同化和标准化处理,获得了大范围、基于新资料的图件成果.此外,在编图成果的基础上,...     

北太平洋涛动的季节演变及其与我国冬春气候异常的联系

本文利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和我国160站的观测资料,首先定义了季节平均的北太平洋涛动(NPO)指数,在此基础上分析了不同季节中NPO的时空变化特征,特别对冬季和春季NPO与我国气温、降水异常的关系作了研究.结果表明,作为北太平洋地区海平面气压(SLP)年际变化的第二模态,NPO具有相当正压的结构,在地面表现为...