A calibrated,non-invasive method for measuring the internal interface height field at high resolution in the rotating,two-layer annulus

We describe a remote sensing method for measuring the internal interface height field in a rotating, two-layer annulus laboratory experiment. The method is non-invasive, avoiding the possibility of an interaction between the flow and the measurement device. The height fields retrieved are accurate and highly resolved in both space and time. The technique is based on a flow visualization method developed by previous workers, and relies upon the optical rotation properties of the working liquids. The previous methods returned only qualitative interface maps, however. In the present study, a technique is developed for deriving quantitative maps by calibrating height against the colour fields registered by a camera which views the flow from above. We use a layer-wise torque balance analysis to determine the equilibrium interface height field analytically, in order to derive the calibration curves. With the current system, viewing an annulus of outer radius 125?mm and depth 250?mm from a distance of 2?m, the inferred height fields have horizontal, vertical and temporal resolutions of up to 0.2?mm, 1?mm and 0.04?s, respectively.     

Convection in a rotating,laterally heated annulus transition to lower symmetry

Abstract

The radial temperature differences at which the transition from lower symmetry to the wave regime and the transition from the wave regime to lower symmetry occur have been measured for rotation rates ≦2rad/sec. It was found that the temperature differences at which the transitions occur differ for a fixed rotation rate, depending on whether the radial temperature difference is either increased or decreased with time. There is hysteresis in the transition at lower symmetry.     

Baroclinic,Kelvin and inertia-gravity waves in the barostrat instability experiment

The differentially heated rotating annulus is a laboratory experiment historically designed for modelling large-scale features of the mid-latitude atmosphere. In the present study, we investigate a modified version of the classic baroclinic experiment in which a juxtaposition of convective and motionless stratified layers is created by introducing a vertical salt stratification. The thermal convective motions are suppressed in a central region at mid-depth of the rotating tank, therefore double-diffusive convection rolls can develop only in thin layers located at top and bottom, where the salt stratification is weakest. For high enough rotation rates, the baroclinic instability destabilises the flow in the top and the bottom shallow convective layers, generating cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies separated by the stable stratified layer. Thanks to this alternation of layers resembling the convective and radiative layers of stars, the planetary’s atmospheric troposphere and stratosphere or turbulent layers at the sea surface above stratified waters, this new laboratory setup is of interest for both astrophysics and geophysical sciences. More specifically, it allows to study the exchange of momentum and energy between the layers, primarily by the propagation of internal gravity waves (IGW). PIV velocity maps are used to describe the wavy flow pattern at different heights. Using a co-rotating laser and camera, the wave field is well resolved and different wave types can be found: baroclinic waves, Kelvin and Poincaré type waves. The signature of small-scale IGW can also be observed attached to the baroclinic jet. The baroclinic waves occur at the thin convectively active layer at the surface and the bottom of the tank, though decoupled they show different manifestation of nonlinear interactions. The inertial Kelvin and Poincaré waves seem to be mechanically forced. The small-scale wave trains attached to the meandering jet point to an imbalance of the large-scale flow. For the first time, the simultaneous occurrence of different wave types is reported in detail for a differentially heated rotating annulus experiment.     

幂律流体偏心环空螺旋流轴向速度分布规律的PIV实验研究

为研究幂律流体偏心环空螺旋流轴向速度的分布规律,建立了幂律流体的偏心垂直环空螺旋流动实验模型及实验方案。利用PIV系统拍摄各种工况下偏心环空螺旋流场中粒子的图像,对实验数据进行处理分析,确定了幂律流体偏心环空螺旋流轴向速度分布的主要影响因素。着重分析了压力梯度、黏滞性、内管旋转角速度、偏心度这些影响因素对偏心环空宽、窄间隙处轴向速度分布的影响规律,为解决石油工业中相关问题提供了有益的参考。     

汶川地震断裂带科学钻探一号孔（WFSD-1）小间隙固井工艺的研究与实践

介绍了汶川地震断裂带科学钻探WFSD-1孔在破碎和严重缩径的断层泥地层采用的小间隙固井工艺,以及利用试下套管测定的泥浆循环压力降,结合泥浆泵最高承受压力确定固井工艺参数的方法。     

藏北羌塘中部冈塘错花岗岩体中环带条纹钾长石巨斑晶的特征

冈塘错花岗岩体是分布于西藏双湖角木日地区的一套晚三叠世酸性侵入岩。于2008年1∶5万区域地质调查填图中首次发现该岩体中的中粗粒巨斑状含黑云母二长花岗岩中的巨斑晶为环带条纹钾长石。主要描述了该岩体中环带条纹钾长石巨斑晶的矿物学、岩石学特征,利用电子探针详细分析了环带条纹钾长石巨斑晶从核部到边缘的成分变化特征,运用二长石温度计简单地计算了斑晶的结晶温度。根据斑晶的化学成分变化特征和结晶温度,结合岩体的岩石学、地质学特征,初步确定该岩体为岩浆混合作用的产物。     

不同类型岩浆岩中锆石环带特征研究

通过观察不同类型岩浆岩中锆石晶形,用统计学的方法对华南和西藏地区不同岩性下的锆石晶形结构进行系统对比分析,定量研究锆石环带密度及其成因。结果表明不同成因类型的花岗岩Th/U和长宽比(L/W)有明显的区别;锆石环带发育的紧密程度与SiO2含量有很大的相关性;高温条件下易形成较宽的结晶环带,低温条件下形成较窄的岩浆环带。     

Convection in a rotating cylinder with its sidewall having a finite thermal conductance

Abstract

An investigation is made of steady thermal convection of a Boussinesq fluid confined in a vertically-mounted rotating cylinder. The top and bottom endwall disks are thermal conductors at temperatures T_t and T_b with δT = T_t ? T_b >0. The vertical sidewall has a finite thermal conductance. A Newtonian heat flux condition is adopted at the sidewall. The Rayleigh number of the fluid system is large to render a boundary layer-type flow. Finite-difference numerical solutions to the full Navier-Stokes equations are obtained. The vertical motions within the buoyancy layer along the sidewall induce weak meridional flows in the interior. Because of the Coriolis acceleration, the meridional flows give rise to azimuthal flows relative to the rotating container. Strong vertical gradients of azimuthal flows exist in the regions near the endwalls. As the stratification effect increases, concentration of flow gradients in thin endwall boundary layers becomes more pronounced. The azimuthal flow field exhibits considerable horizontal gradients. The temperature field develops horizontal variations superposed on the dominant vertical distribution. As either the sidewall thermal conductance or the stratification effect decreases, the temperature distribution tends to the profile varying linearly with height. Comparisons of the sizes of the dynamic effects demonstrate that, in the bulk of flow field, the vertical shear of azimuthal velocity is supported by the horizontal temperature gradient, resulting in a thermal-wind relation.     

Transition to two-dimensional turbulent convection in a rapidly-rotating annulus

Abstract

We study a semi-analytical model of convection in a rapidly-rotating, differentially-heated annulus with sloping top and bottom lids. Rapid rotation leads to a preservation of relatively simple, two-dimensional (2-D) structure in the experimentally-observed flow, while temporal complexity increases with the Rayleigh number. The model is, therefore, two-dimensional; it exhibits a sequence of bifurcations from steadily-drifting, azimuthally-periodic convection columns, also called thermal Rossby waves, through vacillation and a period-doubling cascade, to aperiodic, weakly-turbulent solutions.

Our semi-analytical results match to within a few percent previous numerical results with a limited-resolution 2-D model, and extend these results, due to the greater flexibility of the model presented here. Two types of vacillation are obtained, which we call, by analogy with classical nomenclature of the baroclinic annulus with moderate rotation rates, amplitude vacillation and tilted-trough vacillation. Their properties and dependence on the problem's nondimensional parameters are investigated. The period-doubling cascade for each type of vacillation is studied in some detail.     

HC型环状组合式潜孔锤及取心方法试验研究

在分析硬岩地层中采用潜孔锤钻进基础上，重点从多头潜孔锤组合形式，对比了环状取心或全断面破碎孔底过程，并对大直径硬岩取心方法和HC型环状潜孔锤取心实钻试验作了简要介绍。