三种验潮方法水位观测性能比较与统计分析

水尺、压力式验潮仪与验潮井验潮仪是海道测量水位控制和水位观测的主要手段。通过6日6个时间段的同步比对试验,计算了三种方法获取水位观测数据之间的潮时差和潮高差,分析了三种观测手段的水位观测性能以及产生差值的可能原因,提出了使用方法的建议。     

Detection of nighttime sea fog/stratus over the Huanghai Sea using MTSAT-1R IR data

A dual channel difference (DCD) method is applied to detect nighttime sea fog/stratus over the Huanghai Sea using the infrared (IR) data of shortwave (3.5–4.0 μm) and longwave (10.3–11.3 μm) channels from the Multi-functional Transport Satellite (MTSAT)-1R, i.e., shortwave minus longwave brightness temperature difference (SLTD). Twenty-four sea fog events over the Huanghai Sea during March to July of 2006 and 2007 are chosen to determine a suitable value of SLTD for nighttime sea fog/stratus detection, and ...     

经验模态法在中国沿岸海平面变化中的应用研究

我国现代海平面变化的系统研究,开始于80年代前后,主要集中于海平面年变率和预测。早期所采用的方法有直线回归法、周期法外推预测等,之后有本征分析方法、随机动态预测模型及灰色系统方法等,以上方法各有利弊,但都因为不能较精确得到海平面变化中的各种周期变化而使得预测精度较差,尤其是对于海平面变化中较长周期的分辨方面。     

Solving the linearized forward-speed radiation problem using a high-order finite difference method on overlapping grids

The linearized potential flow approximation for the forward speed radiation problem is solved in the time domain using a high-order finite difference method. The finite-difference discretization is developed on overlapping, curvilinear body-fitted grids. To ensure numerical stability, the convective derivatives in the free-surface boundary conditions are treated using an upwind-biased stencil. Instead of solving for the radiation impulse response functions, a pseudo-impulsive Gaussian type displacement is employed in order to tailor the frequency-content to the discrete spatial resolution. Frequency-domain results are then obtained from a Fourier transform of the force and motion signals. In order to make a robust Fourier transform, and capture the response around the critical frequency, the tail of the force signal is asymptotically extrapolated assuming a linear decay rate. Fourth-order convergence of the calculations on simple geometries is demonstrated, along with a nearly linear scaling of the solution effort with increasing grid resolution. The code is validated by comparison with analytical and semi-analytical solutions using submerged and floating closed-form geometries. Calculations are also made for a modern bulk carrier, and good agreement is found with experimental measurements.     

中国地区制造业竞争力的时间变化和空间分异解析

地区制造业竞争力是地区制造业在区域之间的市场竞争中表现出来的综合实力、所提供的有效产品或服务的能力及其未来的发展潜力大小。利用构建的地区制造业竞争力评价模型,以省区为基本单元,分析了近20年来中国地区制造业竞争力的时间变化特征和空间分布格局,并对这种变化和差异的动因给与解析。研究表明,从1985年到2003年的近20年来,中国地区制造业竞争力呈现出一定的时空演化规律:①随着改革开放进程的加速和地区经济实力的提高,地区制造业的综合竞争能力普遍抬升;②中国地区制造业竞争力的地域差异明显,由东部沿海向中、西部内陆逐渐递减,且差距随时间的推移呈扩大趋势;③地区制造业竞争力与其驱动因素关系密切。驱动因素的时空分布格局决定了地区制造业竞争力的时间过程与空间格局演变趋向。     

Computation of wind-wave spectra in coastal waters with SWAN on unstructured grids

An unstructured-grid procedure for SWAN is presented. It is a vertex-based, fully implicit, finite difference method which can accommodate unstructured meshes with a high variability in geographic resolution suitable for representing complicated bottom topography in shallow areas and irregular shoreline. The numerical solution is found by means of a point-to-point multi-directional Gauss–Seidel iteration method requiring a number of sweeps through the grid. The approach is stable for any time step while permitting local mesh refinements in areas of interest. A number of applications are shown to verify the correctness and numerical accuracy of the unstructured version of SWAN.     

Coanda effect in coastal flows

In the present paper some numerical simulations and experiments were carried out to study jet-wall interaction in shallow waters. Namely, modifications of the hydrodynamic field concerning the interaction of river run-off with a shallow coastal water body, due to the presence of marine structures, were investigated. Stratification effects due to salinity and temperature were neglected, and the interest was focused on barotropic features (Coanda effect). The numerical analysis was carried out by means of shallow water equations, numerically solved by finite difference, and the present method was validated by means of a typical simple-shaped test case. The experiments were carried out in a shallow water tank, flow visualizations were performed, and the velocity field was obtained by PIV. The main features of jet-wall interaction flow were investigated in simple-shaped geometries, and applications were shown for two practical cases: Pescara channel harbour (Adriatic Sea, Italy) and the proposed design of Latina harbour (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy).     

有限差分偏移截断误差及其传递因子相角分析

讨论截断误差与误差传递因子相角的影响与决定因素 ,以寻求有限差分波动偏移的合理采样步长。用三种波场函数来模拟实际波场进行理论计算。结果表明 :时间采样步长Δt是截断误差的主导因素 ,空间采样步长Δx(横向 )和Δz(深度方向 ) ,尤其是Δx影响甚小。依据空间点变化时截断误差的变化规律 ,提出了变步长偏移法。分析误差传递因子相角等因素对有限差分波动方程偏移造成的相位畸变问题 ,找到相应规律。综合考虑截断误差及误差传递因子相角 ,给出了合理采样步长。     

东南极伊利莎白公主地LGB65点的雪层密度与剖面特征

对东南极冰盖伊利莎白公主地LGB65点的50m雪芯及雪坑进行了雪层密度与剖面分析。结果表明，该处雪的密实化过程属冷型落实化类型，第一和第二临界密度深度分别为10．4m和60．4m深霜不育，雪层中为数不多的雏形深霜层厚度仅几厘米，多分布在冰壳层的上、下两侧，16．0m以上，发芯透光性的变化不明显，之下，透光性逐渐表现出韵律变化，雪层中辐射壳和风壳频繁出现，其中辐射壳可作为划分年层的重要依据，综合雪层内的各种层位特征，初步划分出LGB65雪芯的年层约为243a，总的年平均积累率为131．9mm，20世纪60年代年积累率低于平均水平，70年代中期以后，;积累率出现大幅度增加，进250a来该处的年积累率呈增大趋势。     

矿产资源开发中矿山地质环境问题响应差异性研究——以陕西潼关、大柳塔及辽宁阜新矿区为例

以陕西潼关、大柳塔及辽宁阜新矿区为例,采用对比分析的方法研究矿产资源开发中矿山地质环境问题差异性响应的主要因素。上述3个矿区矿产资源开发中矿山地质环境问题主要包括：20世纪90年代以前,陕西潼关金矿区是中国矿产资源开发秩序十分混乱的矿区之一,地下开采的采矿废石随意堆排导致了极为严重的矿山泥石流地质灾害及其隐患,＂三废＂无序排放导致土壤、河水及其底泥的重金属及氰化物污染严重,严重影响人体健康;地处生态环境脆弱带的陕西大柳塔煤矿区,20年大型机械化地下煤炭资源开采导致大面积地面塌陷及其链生的地下水含水层破坏严重,但矿区土地沙漠化程度总体没有呈现加重的趋势,水土环境重金属呈轻度污染;具有百年开发历史的辽宁阜新煤矿区,露天开采使土地生态破坏严重、边坡滑坡灾害频发、土地压占与破坏突出,地下开采引起的地面塌陷对地表建筑物及人居安全影响严重,但相对于金属矿区,该矿区水土环境重金属污染相对轻得多。对比上述3个矿区矿山地质环境问题,得到其差异性响应主要因素：矿产资源种类、原生地质环境条件、开采方式及矿山环境保护意识等。