“大菱鲆引进驯化和养殖”的试验

为增加福建省的养殖新品种，作者于1997年和1999年先后两批从山东省威海市引进全长3－5cm的大菱鲆鱼，在室内池进行驯养试验，养殖试验结果表明，大菱鲆生长快，11月龄的大菱鲆体重最小为350g，最大达1250克，平均为797克；大菱鲆在室内养殖可在安全渡夏，试验还发现，‘紫萁”可作为大菱鲆的促长剂，另外，全长6－10厘米， 重10－30克的大菱鲆鱼，经5个月海水网箱养殖，平均体重可达400克左右，这些结果可为大菱鲆工厂化养殖和海水网箱养殖提供科学依据。     

黑鲷饲料中最适蛋白质含量及动、植物蛋白比的研究

于1988年7月—8月和1989年7月—8月，以酪蛋白为蛋白源，采用蛋白含量梯度法进行黑鲷饲料中最适蛋白质含量研究。结果表明，黑鲷幼鱼饲料中，蛋白质的最适含量约为50．19％。1988年8月—9月和1989年8月—9月，以玉筋鱼为动物蛋白源，以花生饼粉为植物蛋白源，饲料中总蛋白质含量相等，进行黑鲷饲料中最适动、植物蛋白比研究。结果表明，黑鲷幼鱼饲料中，动、植物蛋白的最适比例为1.00：0.89－0.96。     

两种海藻提取物抗水产动物病原菌活性的初步研究

研究了两种大型海藻——羊栖菜(Sargassum fusiforme)、条浒苔(Enteromorpha clathrata)提取物对11种水产动物病原菌的抑制活性。结果显示:羊栖菜乙醇粗提物乙酸乙酯相对溶藻弧菌(Vibrio algi-nolyticus)的抑制作用最明显,抑菌圈可达21.6 mm;薄层层析表明羊栖菜乙醇粗提取物乙酸乙酯相有6条层析带,其中Rf=0.54带对哈氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)的抑制作用最强,抑菌圈可达13.6 mm;条浒苔乙醚粗脂对11种水产动物病原菌均表现出了较强的抑制作用,其中对灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus)的抑制作用最强,抑菌圈可达24.7 mm;进一步的实验显示,条浒苔乙醚粗脂3种洗脱组分抗菌性均比粗脂减弱了,而其95%乙醇洗脱组分对恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)的抑菌圈仍可达13.8 mm。说明利用羊栖菜、条浒苔为开发海洋药物资源提供了可能。     

Dynamics of soil fauna in Da Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China

The dynamics of soil animals was studied in seven representative forest communities in the north of the Da Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China. The results indicate that it was distinctive in the changes of the numbers of soil animals and groups and diversity in relationship with seasons for macrofauna and torso-micro fauna in the study area. The numbers of the observed soil animals in different months were: October>August>June. Group number was larger in August and October, but smaller in June. The change of diversity index in different months was: August>June>October. The biomass for macrofanna in different months was: October>June>August. The composition and number of each functional group was relatively stable. In the community of the predominant soil environment, the percentage of saprophagous animals was higher than carnivorous animals and herbivorous animals. The dynamics changes of saprophagous and carnivorous animals were distinctive, increasing from June to October, while the change of herbivorous animals was unremarkable.     

Ecological distribution of soil animals in broad-leaved pine forests in southern slope of Xiao Hinggan Mountains

Broad leaved pine forests are the typical zonal vegetation and its central distribution zone is in the Changbai Mountains in northeast China. However, because of man's disturbance and destruction, primitive broad leaved pine forests exist now only in a few areas such as the Changbai Mountains of Jilin Province and Wuying, Liangshui Natural Reserves of Heilongjiang Province, and the forests in other places are substituted by natural secondary forests (WANG, 1994). Broad leaved pine …     

基于能值的科尔沁沙地不同农牧比例村落发展可持续性对比

为评估和比较科尔沁沙地不同生产经营模式自然村落的发展可持续性,通过能值分析方法,定量分析了分别以种植业和养殖业为主的2个自然村落的能值投入与产出情况,建立能值分析指标体系,对2种模式系统的可持续性进行评估.结果表明:在资源投入方面,村落外部辅助能约占总能值投入的39.17％,说明2种生产经营模式对外部资源依赖较小,能值...     

南极无冰区生态与环境变化在粪土层中的记录

极地海鸟、海兽等生物排泄物的堆积层和含粪的沉积层是进行极地生态地质学研究的良好载体。从生物粪土沉积层中恢复出的企鹅、海豹数量变化记录表明,历史时期南极企鹅、海豹种群数量出现过显著的波动。在新冰期时企鹅数量锐减,气候过冷或过暖都不利于它们的生存,南极海豹数量变化也受到气候变化、海冰条件和取食行为的控制。另外,南极海豹毛和生物粪土层中还保存了过去几千年人类文明的历史信息,汞（Hg）含量的波动与人类冶金文明的盛衰存在明显的响应关系。     

淡水贝类观察——生物阐释水污染和毒理的创新手段

淡水渔业是国民经济重要产业,在产量和产值均取得巨大成就的同时,也面临着严峻的水域生态环境污染形势.与此相适应,自2003年系统性提出以背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)为专用指示生物的创新性“淡水贝类观察”研究体系(Freshwater Mussel Watch)以来,已经成功地应用于国内外的江河、湖泊和池塘等渔业生态环境无机(特别是重金属)和有机污染物胁迫的监测、评价和预警,以及毒理学、污染物积累动力学和水质净化等方面研究.本文梳理了“淡水贝类观察”在被动监测、主动监测及渔业环境研究用模式动物开发等方面的研究进展,以期为渔业以及水域生态环境污染的有效监测、评价、保护以及阐释污染毒性机制提供有益参考.     

基于GIS的东北农牧交错带土地利用变化的生态环境效应案例分析

利用遥感数据，相关专题地图和社会经济统计数据。在GIS的支持下，以位于中国东北农牧交错带的吉林省镇赉县作为典型研究区，探讨了东北农牧交错带土地利用变化影响生态环境演化的机制。运用马尔柯夫模型对镇赉县土地利用变化进行空间统计分析。并从景观生态格局，土地荒漠化和水环境等三方面对土地利用变化的生态环境效应进行了实证分析。     

Enzymatic properties of UFE, a novel marine fibrinolytic enzyme

A novel potent protease, Urechis unicinctus fibrinolytic enzyme (UFE), was firstly discovered. The enzymatic properties of UFE were further investigated. As a low molecular mass protein, UFE appeared to be very stable to heat and pH. When temperature was below 50 ℃, the remnant enzyme activity remained almost unchanged, but when temperature was raised to 60 ℃, the remnant enzyme activity began to decrease rapidly. UFE was quite stable in the range of pH value from 3 to 12, especially in slightly alkaline pH value. Mn2 , Cu2 and Fe2 ions were activators of UFE, while Fe3 and Ag ions were inhibitors of UFE. Fe2 ion along with Fe3 ion might regulate UFE activity in vivo. The optimum pH and temperature of UFE were about 8 and 50 ℃, respectively. Other characteristics of this enzyme were also studied. Systematic research results are significant when UFE is applied for medical and industrial purposes.