Tree roots — Methodological review and new development in dating and quantifying erosive processes

Exposed roots have been used in Dendrogeomorphology since the 1960s to determine erosion rates. This was done by using the root axis as the relative position of the former soil layer and then relating this measure to the age of the root in order to quantify the amount of soil erosion over time. Recently, wood anatomical research revealed the possibility of determining the first year of exposure of roots due to specific anatomical changes within the respective annual ring. As a consequence, using exposed roots that are still in contact to the soil surface, it is possible to reconstruct the size and position of the root at the time of exposure. Consequently, a new equation is presented to calculate the thickness of the eroded soil layer allowing a detailed reconstruction of erosion rates. The technique also helps to determine if the root was exposed by erosional processes or just by its ongoing secondary growth without any erosion involved.     

红树植物秋茄次生木质部生态解剖学的比较

本文研究了不同纬度秋茄（Ｋａｎｄｅｌｉａ ｃａｎｄｅｌ）次生木质部的组织结构及数量特征。秋茄的导管多为梯纹导管。随着纬度的升高,温度下降,各分布区导管分子长度和导管直径呈现下降的真挚深圳福田的秋茄导管分子长度、导管直径均是最大是个例外＿;穿孔板横隔的数目也纬度的升高而减少;盐度高（３３）造成福建云霄竹塔的秋茄低导管颁布频率、低单管孔率、低双管孔率;秋茄的射线分布频率随着纬度的升高而减少（海南东寨港     

波纹龙虾雄性生殖系统的解剖学与组织学研究

用解剖学和组织学方法研究了波纹龙虾雄性生殖系统,结果表明,波纹龙虾雄性生殖系统由精巢、输精管及生殖孔三部分组成。精巢横切面一般为圆形,外被一层结缔组织被膜,内部为许多圆形或椭圆形的生精小管,生精小管间充满了网状结缔组织。精子的发生经历精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精细胞和精子5个阶段。输精管管壁由外到内依次由结缔组织被膜、结缔组织、肌肉层和上皮细胞组成,管壁上的柱状上皮细胞、肌肉组织及结缔组织一起向管内延伸形成纵褶突。管壁和纵褶突上的柱状上皮细胞向管腔中分泌嗜酸性黏液。精荚呈管状,在中段输精管形成,并储存在管腔的黏液中。     

榄李属红树植物叶片结构及其生态适应

研究了采自海南东寨港(19°54′N,110°20′E)榄李属的红榄李(Lumintzera littorea)和榄李(Lumintzera racemosa)的叶片结构及其生态学意义。榄李属红树植物的叶片解剖结构特征基本相同,都具有适应海滩环境的结构——叶片为完全等面叶,没有内皮层结构,海绵组织特化为贮水组织等;叶的解剖结构差异可能是榄李属红树植物生态隔离现象的原因,其结构差异可为种间鉴定提供依据。     

The structures of eye and surrounding tissues of Longman＇ s beaked whale, Indopacetus pacificus

Observations were made on one eye from a Longman's beaked whale Indopacetus pacificus,which was probably one of the least known extant cetaceans.The whale died shortly after swimming aground on the coast in the Nishikata Beach,Sendai-shi,Kagoshima-ken Prefecture,Japan,on July 26,2002.It was a mature female with body length 6.45 m.This paper documented the basic structural characteristics of her visual organ of the whale in order to better understand this animal.     

光裸星虫消化系统的解剖学和组织学研究

运用解剖学和组织学方法研究光裸星虫(Sipunculus nudus)消化系统结构。结果表明,光裸星虫消化系统由消化道和直肠盲囊组成,消化道可分为口、食道、下行肠、上行肠、直肠和肛门。口四周由具摄食作用的辐射状触手围绕。消化道管壁由黏膜层、黏膜下层和浆膜三层结构组成,黏膜层具有大量皱褶,黏膜下层和浆膜层中分布有大量颗粒细胞;无连续的肌肉层,只在黏膜下层内散布着数量不等的肌纤维。直肠盲囊细长,连接于上行肠末端,囊壁无分泌细胞,囊内充满黄色黏稠液状物质。     

管角螺消化系统的组织学研究

本研究采用解剖学及组织学方法对管角螺消化系统的结构进行了系统分析．结果表明,管角螺的消化系统由消化道和消化腺两大部分组成．消化道包含吻、食道、嗉囊、胃、肠、直肠及肛门;消化腺由唾液腺、肝及食道腺组成,其中肝为最大消化腺．唾液腺细胞分为粘液细胞和分泌细胞;食道腺细胞由排泄细胞和杯状细胞组成．在光学显微镜下,消化道的管壁由外向内依次为：外膜、肌层、粘膜下层和粘膜层4层;唾液腺、肝及食道腺均为复管状腺．管角螺的肝由肝被膜和许多盲管（肝小管）组成,肝管的组织结构与消化道基本相同,内有单层纤毛柱状上皮,可观察到肌层和管腔。     

Wood anatomical variation of Neobuxbaumia tetetzo: A columnar Cactaceae

Anatomical variation in radial and longitudinal wood in Neobuxbaumia tetetzo was studied in four monopodic individuals. Vascular bundles in the radial direction from the pith to the vascular cambium and in the longitudinal direction from the base to the stem apex were analysed. Except for vessel density in the radial direction, the anatomical characters studied showed a pattern of cambial maturation similar to those reported for other angiosperms. The patterns of fiber anatomical variation show higher mechanical strength in the lower part of the stem, while the increase in vessel diameter towards the vascular cambium produces a positive relationship between plant water demands and larger size.     

杏仁核的计算机三维重建及其临床意义

目的：用计算机重建杏仁核的空间形态与位置,为脑的立体定向手术提供解剖学基础。方法：对20只整脑40个杏仁核2mm厚的连续水平切面,运用表面重建法对杏仁核进行计算机三维重建。结果：重建后的杏仁核立体图像顺滑、自然、逼真,可任意缩放、旋转、切割。结论：计算机重建后的杏仁核空间形态与位置对脑立体定向手术有参考价值。