Simultaneous Determination of Major and Trace Elements in Fused Volcanic Rock Powders Using a Hermetic Vessel Heater and LA‐ICP‐MS

Fused glass prepared without the addition of a flux is generally more homogeneous than a pressed powder pellet and thus ideal for analysis of bulk samples by LA‐ICP‐MS. In this work, a new glass‐making method using a boron nitride crucible was developed to prepare homogenous glass samples from silicate rock powder. The apparatus consisted of a small boron nitride vessel with net volume of about 34 mm³ and two molybdenum strips. Applying the summed metal oxide normalisation technique, both major and trace element contents in the fused glass were measured by LA‐ICP‐MS. Analyses of five geochemical reference materials (spanning the compositional range basalt–andesite–rhyolite) indicated that the measured SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and P₂O₅ contents matched the preferred values to within 5%, and the other major elements generally matched the preferred values to within 8%. Except for the transition metals, the measured trace element contents generally matched the preferred values to within 10%. Compared with the iridium heater method developed by Stoll et al. (2008), element volatilisation during high‐temperature melting was effectively suppressed in our method, but metal segregation caused by reduction of BN may cause loss of Cr, Ni and Cu. Although analysis with a large spot size has the advantage of improving counting statistics, matrix effects induced by mass loading of the ICP may hamper the accurate determination of some elements.     

An Assessment of Performance in the Routine Analysis of Silicate Rocks Based on an Analysis of Data Submitted to the GeoPT Proficiency Testing Programme for Geochemical Laboratories (2001–2011)

Data reported by laboratories contributing to the GeoPT proficiency testing programme for geochemical laboratories over the period from 2001 to 2011 have been assessed to identify the elements and concentration ranges over which analytical performance can be considered satisfactory. Criteria developed in the paper indicated that performance in the content determination of the elements/constituents SiO₂, Al₂O₃, MnO, Cs, Dy, Er, Eu, Ga, Hf, Ho, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sm, Sr, Tb, Tl, Tm, U, Y, Yb and Zn was satisfactory over the full concentration range assessed. The elements/constituents TiO₂, Fe₂O₃(T), MgO, CaO, Na₂O, K₂O, P₂O₅, Ba, Be, Cd, Ce, Co, Gd, La, Li, Nb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sn, Ta, Th, V and Zr showed some degradation in performance at lower concentration levels (approaching the detection limit of some techniques). Performance in determining LOI, As, Bi, Cr, Cu, Ge, Mo, Ni, Pb and W was in general unsatisfactory over the full concentration range assessed. Other elements (especially Fe(II)O, H₂O⁺, CO₂, Ag, Au, B, Br, Cl, F, Hg, I, In, Ir, N, Os, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, S, Se, Te) could not be evaluated as they were not routinely reported by laboratories participating in the GeoPT programme, often because they are present in silicate rocks at sufficiently low concentrations to require a pre‐concentration stage. Some suggestions are made for the causes of unsatisfactory performance, but further progress will require a detailed assessment of the methods used by participating laboratories, which will form the subject of a further paper.     

绥化市可持续发展系统的趋势分析

在全面性、简明性和系统性的基础上,建立了绥化市可持续发展趋势评价的指标体系,并对该区域1990~2002年的可持续发展趋势和可持续发展系统能力进行了定量评价。趋势评价指在确定的指标体系下,采用复杂系统综合评价的方法分析区域可持续发展系统各方面的综合发展的状况、趋势和可持续发展的程度或水平,并用相应测度和标准去衡量或者比较。绥化市可持续发展的趋势分析结果表明,该市的经济和社会发展状态稳定,人口发展、环境污染和资源占有趋势一直呈现比较波动的状态,特别是资源占有指数在2000年才呈现恢复上升的趋势.究其原因主要在于2000年之前的"高消耗"的传统经济发展模式。环境-发展综合指数与资源-发展综合指数有着相同的变化趋势,20世纪90年代初,,因为环境污染和资源消耗都比较严重,同时社会经济发展水平都比较低造成二者数值都比较高。1998年后,逐渐进入环境质量提高,资源消耗量下降的时期,环境污染、资源消耗与发展的综合指数越来越低,同时也可以说明绥化市的可持续发展的能力在不断提高。     

Analyse quantitative des faciès carbonatés et cycles T–R de haute fréquence dans le Barrémien du Prébalkan central (Bulgarie)

Within the Emerici zone–Barremense zone biostratigraphic interval, the Barremian deposits of Central Fore-Balkan (Lovech–Veliko Tarnovo shelf) consist of a succession of several formations where alternate terrigenous argillaceous/sandy-dominated facies (Kormjansko Fm., Balgarene Fm.) and carbonate-dominated (‘Urgonian’) facies (Krushevo Fm., Emen Fm.). The qualitative and, particularly, quantitative facies analysis of the carbonate successions observed along 13 detailed cross-sections and in one drill hole show the stacking of about 40 fifth-order T–R cycles induced by numerous eustatic jerks contributing to the progressive settlement of this shelf. These high-frequency cycles of about 100 000 years must be regarded as valuable correlation tools for the subsurface hydrocarbon research. To cite this article: V. Minkovska et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).     

河南油田双江河水源地调剂开采供水方案雏议

河南油田双江河水源地，一是傍河取河流渗透水和部分浅层水，二是开采中深层地下水。在分析１４年开采动态的基础上，阐明采用调剂开采方案供水，可保证丰枯水期总供水量的持续稳定，并能保持开采资源经久不竭     

GIS与地质学的结合应用

地理信息系统(G IS)已被广泛应用于各行各业,在地质工作中,很多地质单位利用G IS进行数字化填图、地质矿产资源预测与评价、矿产资源规划与管理等。实践证明,将G IS应用于地质减轻了地质工作量,提高了地质工作效率,为地质学的发展提供了更为广阔的空间。可以设想,在不久的将来,G IS与地质的结合将更为紧密。     

某高层住宅严重歪桩病理事故的补救处理

某高层住宅楼在静压桩施工完成后出现了严重的大量歪桩病理事故,经过认真分析,找出原因,进行补救处理设计和施工,消除了安全隐患,确保了大楼使用寿命。     

Optimised Ferrozine Micro‐Method for the Determination of Ferrous and Ferric Iron in Rocks and Minerals

The ferrozine wet chemical method was optimised for the determination of the total iron content and speciation in small geological samples. The ferrozine micro‐method involves dissolution by a mixture of HF and H₂SO₄ followed by spectrophotometric analysis using the complexing agent ferrozine. The method was tested for twenty‐one replicates of eight rock RMs using test portions of 5–14 mg and containing 0.37–5.45 mg total Fe and more than 0.29 mg Fe(II). The optimised ferrozine method was accurate to within 0.23% m/m FeO and 0.34% m/m total Fe, which compares favourably to other wet chemical methods.     

冕洞边缘结构对日冕物质抛射的可能贡献

分析了１９８０ 、１９８４ 和１９８９ 年 Ｓ Ｍ Ｍ 卫星观测到的１４０ 次日冕物质抛射（ Ｃ Ｍ Ｅ） 事件在时空分布上与“冕洞边缘结构”、耀斑爆发和爆发日珥等事件的相关关系。结果表明, Ｃ Ｍ Ｅ 事件与日冕边缘结构的关系最密切。此外, Ｃ Ｍ Ｅ 与赤道冕洞具有同步的长期演化关系。由此认为, 冕洞边缘结构对 Ｃ Ｍ Ｅ 的可能贡献是不可忽视的     

Analyse de sensibilité globale du modèle CATHY aux propriétés hydrodynamiques du sol d’un micro-bassin agricole drainé

Résumé

Une étude d’analyse de sensibilité globale d’une application du modèle hydrologique CATHY (CATchment HYdrology) sur un bassin sous influence de drains agricoles a été réalisée en utilisant les méthodes Morris, FAST99 (Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test) et Sobol2002. Ces analyses ont permis d’identifier les paramètres les plus sensibles sur : (a) l’écoulement aux drains et (b) les flux sortant du micro-bassin agricole Bras d’Henri (Québec, Canada). Des 24 paramètres évalués par la méthode de Morris, les neuf et huit paramètres ayant été respectivement très influents sur les deux variables de sortie, ont été analysés par les méthodes FAST99 et Sobol2002. Il s’ensuit que la conductivité hydraulique horizontale à saturation dans les couches sous les drains est la propriété hydrodynamique la plus influente sur les deux variables de sortie. Cette étude démontre que des efforts devraient être portés sur la caractérisation de l’anisotropie du sol, car celle-ci n’est pas à négliger lors d’une modélisation hydrologique tridimensionnelle.

Editeur Z.W. Kundzewicz