地磁场Sq的经度效应和UT变化

使用国际地球物理年（ＩＧＹ）和国际地球物理合作年（ＩＧＣ）期间全球地磁台网的资料和中国台站的同期地磁记录，对地磁场太阳日变化Ｓ_ｑ的经度效应和ＵＴ变化进行了分析研究．将适用于瞬时全球磁场的球谐分析法与适用于平均场的双调和分析法相结合，提出了一种分析Ｓ_ｑ磁场的新方案，得到了（θ，Ｔ，ｔ）坐标系中组成Ｓ_ｑ场的三个部分，即仅随地方时ＬＴ变化的部分Ｓ_ＬＴ，仅随世界时ＵＴ变化的部分Ｓ_ＵＴ以及既随ＬＴ变化又随ＵＴ变化的部分Ｓ_ＬＵＴ．从全球来看，在ＩＧＹ／ＩＧＣ期间，这三部分的强度之比分别为：Ｘ分量１．０：０．２：０．３，ｙ分量１．０：０．１：０．６，Ｚ分量１．０：０．４：１．０．Ｓ_ｑ的经度效应和ＵＴ变化虽然表现了同一物理过程，但它们有不同的表达形式，其决定因素是地磁轴对地理轴的倾斜，地磁场的非偶极子成分（即区域性异常）和地球内部电性的横向不均匀性（包括海陆分布、地壳上地幔电导率的区域差异）     

北半球冬季温带反气旋活动的统计特征

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,通过客观判定和追踪反气旋的方法统计分析了1948~2013年北半球冬季温带反气旋的时空分布、周期和生命史等气候特征。结果表明,北半球冬季温带反气旋主要活动在东北太平洋、北大西洋、北美落基山脉东部和加拿大、美国东部、欧洲、亚洲中部和东亚地区。太平洋和大西洋上反气旋的生成区分布较分散,于大洋西部生成,在中、东部达到成熟期,最后主要在大洋东部和大陆西岸消亡。大西洋上反气旋消亡区域的大值区从大西洋中部到欧洲西海岸呈西南—东北带状分布,而太平洋上的反气旋消亡区域的两个大值区独立分布。大陆上反气旋多生成于较高纬度和极地地区,主要向东、向东南方移动。北半球各区域反气旋数均具有显著的2~3年周期变化特征,欧亚地区则具有显著的16~18年周期的年代际变化特征。除了欧亚大陆,其他三个区域的反气旋偏强时,其运动轨迹偏北。北美地区反气旋越强,其运动的纬度范围越大;而欧亚大陆反气旋越强,其运动的纬度范围越小。生命史越长的反气旋数比例越少,只有不到10%的反气旋生命史超过一周。     

Inferring land surface parameters from the diurnal variability of microwave and infrared temperatures

This study investigates the properties of the diurnal cycle of microwave brightness temperatures (TB), namely the phase and the amplitude, and their variability in time and space over the globe to infer information on key land surface parameters like changes in soil texture spatial distribution, soil moisture conditions, and vegetation density. The phase corresponds to the lag between Land Surface Temperature (LST) and TB diurnal cycles. The amplitude is determined as the difference between the maximum and the minimum of TB diurnal cycle. The diurnal cycle of TB was constructed using observations from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) and the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I). The latter offer a series of sensors, namely, F13, F14, and F15 that were used in this study for a higher temporal coverage and more accurate diurnal cycle determination. LST estimates, which are available every 3 h from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) database were used to build the LST diurnal cycle. ISCCP LST data is an infrared-based temperature with almost no penetration and is the representative of top skin temperature.The analyses of the diurnal cycles showed that the diurnal amplitude of TB decreases as the vegetation density increases, especially in the case of low frequencies which penetrate deeper into the canopy which makes them more sensitive to changes in vegetation density. The interannual variations of TB diurnal amplitudes were also in agreement with the seasonality of the vegetation cover. Over desert and rain forest regions where surface conditions do not vary significantly throughout the year, the changes in diurnal amplitudes were the lowest. A relationship between phase and amplitude values was established. It was found that the amplitude of TB diurnal cycle decreases when the phase lag increases. The spatial distribution of the determined diurnal properties, namely, phase and amplitude of TB, showed an agreement with lithology maps in desert areas. Lower TB amplitudes were observed over regions with loose siliceous rocks. Phase lag values between 1.5 and 3 h corresponded to 83% of the class “loose siliceous rocks” in the Sahara Desert, which corroborates the potential of using the diurnal properties of TB as an indicator of land surface parameters.     

Orbital Period Changes and Long Term Luminosity Variation in Active Binary CG Cyg

UBV photometric observations of the active binary star CG Cygnus have been presented and analyzed to obtain absolute parameters of both components. Updated O-C diagram analysis by Kalimeris method yielded the values of 1.55× 10^-6 day and 1.4×10^-7day as the amplitudes of orbital period modulation, and P_mod1∼ 52.3 yr and P_mod2 ∼ 15.9 yr as the modulation periodicities. Finally, the consequences of period changes have been discussed on the basis of Applegate mechanism.     

P－SV转换波的一种处理方法─叠前抽道集法

本文利用纵波和横波的迭加速度资料来计算Ｐ－ＳＶ波勘探中转换点的近似位置。再按转换点对Ｐ－ＳＶ波重新抽道集，得到可与反射资料ＣＭＰ道集相兼容的时间剖面图。利用理论模型对上述方法进行了可靠性检验，并用该方法对实际资料作了处理。同时还得到了实际资料的Ｐ波和Ｐ－ＳＶ波的彩色振幅比剖面图。结果表明：采用改进的叠前抽道集法所得到的剖面图具有很好的空间分辨率。     

Diurnal Variations of Summer Precipitation in the Beijing Area and the Possible Effect of Topography and Urbanization

The present study examined the diurnal variations of summer precipitation in the Beijing area by using subdaily precipitation and wind observations. A combined effect of topography and urbanization on the characteristics of diurnal variations was suggested. It was shown that stations located in the plain areaexhibited typical night rain peaks, whereas those in the mountainous area exhibited clear afternoon peaks ofprecipitation diurnal variations. The precipitation peaks were associated with wind fields around the Beijing area, which were found to be highly modulated by mountain-valley circulation and urban-country circulation.The lower-tropospheric wind exhibited a clear diurnal shift in its direction from north at 0800 LST to southat 2000 LST, which reflected mountain-valley circulation. The transitions from valley to mountain windand the opposite generally happened after sunset and sunrise, respectively, and both occurred earlier for thestations located closer to mountains. By comparing the diurnal variations of precipitation at stations in anortheast suburb, an urban area, and a southwest suburb, it was revealed that the northeast suburb grouphad the highest normalized rainfall frequency, but the southwest group had the lowest from late afternoon tolate evening. On the contrary, in the early morning from about 0200 to 1000 LST, the southwest group andurban group had the highest normalized rainfall frequency. This pattern might originate from the combined effects of mountain-valley topography and urbanization.     

大华北地区应力场在汶川地震时的变化研究

利用大华北地区在汶川8级地震时有水位阶变的31口并孔的观测资料,通过计算各井水位系统的观测格值,进而估算了震时引起大华北地区应力场的调整变化.研究发现汶川地震后大华北中部地区的压应力得到增强,大华北东部和南部地区则表现为应力降低,对未来大华北地区的地震危险性预测应具有一定参考价值.     

基于小波特征和神经网络的天然地震与人工爆破自动识别

采用福建地区天然地震和人工爆破事件波形记录，通过一维离散小波变换（DWT）及4层小波包变换（WPT）对信号进行分解，提取出用于识别的4种波形小波特征：小波能量比特征、小波包能量比特征、小波包香农熵特征及小波包对数能量熵，此外还提取出P/S震相振幅比；采用BP神经网络对4种小波特征及分别加入P/S震相振幅比的组合特征进行识别效果检验，结果表明，单小波判据小波能量比特征识别效果好；双判据组合P/S震相振幅比和小波包对数能量熵的组合识别效果最好，可考虑作为实际天然地震与人工爆破在线自动识别系统的识别判据。     

波场延拓反Q 滤波的正则化方法

基于波场向下延拓的反Q 滤波是补偿大地衰减效应的一种常用方法,但其振幅补偿的不稳定性限制了该方法在中、深层地震资料处理中的应用。针对于此,提出波场延拓反Q 滤波的正则化方法,该方法不仅较好地解决了地震波能量补偿的不稳定问题,同时对经过品质因子较低地层的深层地震波有着较好的能量补偿效果。模型试验和实例应用均表明: 与常规稳定的反Q 滤波方法相比,基于正则化法的反Q 滤波不仅具有较强的抗干扰能力和较好的振幅补偿能力,而且有效地提高了中、深层地震资料的分辨能力。     

Diagnostic model construction and example analysis of habitat degradation in enclosed bay: II. spatiotemporal variations in habitat degradation in Sansha Bay

The process of habitat degradation varies in habitat type and driving force which shows certain spatial and temporal heterogeneity on regional scales. In the present study, a new diagnostic model for enclosed bay habitat degradation was established, with which the spatial and temporal variation patterns of habitat degradation during 1991–2012 in Sansha Bay, Fujian, China was investigated. The results show that anthropogenic disturbance is the major controlling factor for the habitat degradation in large temporal heterogeneity in the bay. On the other hand, the habitat degradation experienced signifi cant spatial variations among six sub-bays. Under the joint action of temporal and spatial heterogeneity, the degradation trend in growing scale shows a more signifi cant correlation with the distribution of local leading industries along shorelines. Therefore, we quantifi ed the main characters of habitat degradation in Sansha Bay, and have understood the relationship between the status of habitats spatio-temporal variation value and the main controlling factor leading to the changes. However, a defi ciency of this research is the lack of or inaccessible to the detailed data, which shall be better solved in the future study for accessing more data from more sources.