武定6.5级地震孕震过程测震学特征

研究了1995年10月24日云南省武定6．5级强震前的地震活动性参数、空间分布图象、距震中135km的巧家台振幅比、波速比演化特征，结果表明武定6．5级地震孕育发生有明显的阶段性变化，经历了早期（1988年4月－1992年7月），中期（1992年8月－1995年3月），晚期（1995年4月－1995年10月）阶段的发展，最终发生了强震。最后应用岩石破裂实验结果，分析了武定6．5级地震孕震过程。     

X地磁垂直分量日变幅逐日比及其与地震关系的探讨

分析了地城关垂直分量日变幅逐日比值的高值异常与其后地震的关系，发现它们之间有良好的对应，通过分析地磁垂直分量谐波幅度的逐日比，作者认为这种高值变化可能与其间地下介质电阻率下降有关，但也有可能是是外场变化所致。     

喜马拉雅运动：对川滇交界区古地理重建的制约和楚雄盆地的改造

简述了喜马拉雅运动三大变形幕的运动学特征并分析了在楚雄地区的反映。在剥去喜马拉雅运动的改造、把攀西地堑系和滇中海槽复原到建造时的位置后（楚雄盆地视作相对原地的），以“盆”“山”耦合的思路重塑了古特提斯分支洋盆的演化及这些盆地的发育。川滇交界区尽管发生燕山运动，印支期建立起来的“盆”“山”耦合关系直至喜马拉雅运动才脱耦。分析了脱耦的各种表现及第四纪内继承的新构造运动对盆地保存和油气成藏的不利因素。     

On Invisible Trade Relations between Mesopotamian Cities during the Third Millennium B.C.

The idea that the emergence of writing was necessity due to the increase in both the number of economic transactions and political complexity has been recently emphasized by Matthews, who also underlines that writing acted as a feedback in enabling and encouraging the growth of ever more complex modes of exchange. The intertwinement of trade and writing suggests that clay tablets left by the civilizations from the third millennium B.C. in Mesopotamia, where writing was invented, may be considered as traces of trade links and transactions between cities. We estimate a gravity model based on clay tablets, as if they represented trade flows. The parameters lead us to conclude that Mesopotamia formed a strongly integrated market.     

滞回曲线对应力振幅和频率的响应

基于疲劳载荷对应力－应变滞回曲线的影响，作者研究了滞回曲线对应力振幅和频率的影响，获得了载荷超过屈服点后应力振幅增大，滞回曲线趋于稳定，应变硬化效应增强的结果，随着正弦波频率增加岩石的滞回圈频散效应增强，饱和液体加强了这种频散作用，随孔隙液体的粘滞系数增大，滞回曲线的频散效应更强。     

The Q value variations in the preparing pro－cess of rock rupture

ＴｈｅＱｖａｌｕｅｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｔｈｅｐｒｅｐａｒｉｎｇｐｒｏ┐ｃｅｓｏｆｒｏｃｋｒｕｐｔｕｒｅＢＩＮＷＡＮＧ１）（王彬），ＺＨＡＯ－ＹＯＮＧＸＵ１）（许昭永），ＪＩＮ－ＭＩＮＧＺＨＡＯ１）（赵晋明）ＹＩ－ＬＩＨＵ２）（胡毅力）１）Ｓｅｉ...     

Lg amplitude ratios H/Z and station terms in the six eastern provinces of China

Using the data set of about 1 Hz Lg amplitudes from 80 stations in the six eastern provinces of China, the ratios of horizontal to vertical amplitude of Lg waves,H/Z are determined. The mean lg(H/Z)-value is equal to 0.13. For the station bases of soft deposit,granite and sedimentary rock, lg(H/Z)-values average 0.55, 0.04 and 0.10, respectively. For the three kinds of station bases, the station terms of horizontal amplitude,C _h average 0.65, −0.09 and 0.00; that of vertical amplitude,C _z average 0.32, −0.04 and 0.00, respectively. There are the relations betweenC _h ,C _z and lg(H/Z):C _h =0.01+2.10C _z andC _h =−0.15+1.46 lg(H/Z). The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 281–286, 1991. Project sponsored by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation.     

A discussion on the amplitude ratios of PP and P waves for earthquakes with different focal mechanisms

Using the WKBJ approximation method we calculate the synthetic teleseismograms of P and PP waves to match the observed ones of six large Chinese earthquakes with known focal mechanisms: Tibet earthquake of July 14, 1973; Haicheng earthquake of February 4, 1975; Songpan earthquakes of August 16, 1976, August 21, 1976 and August 23, 1976 and Nignhe earthquake of November 15, 1976. The focal mechanism of the Tibet earthquake is discussed to examine the technique used in the calculation. We note that the amplitude ratios of PP and P waves (A _PP/A _P) have different characteristics for dip—slip events and strike—slip events within certain epicentral distances. We calculate the synthetic teleseismograms of P and PP waves for the strike—slip and dip—slip events with fault angles of 330°, 240° and 0°, focal depths of 8 km, 17 km and 24 km, at the assumed station with an azimuth of 310° and epicentral distances from 40°; to 80°. The diagrams of maximum amplitude ratios of PP and P waves (A _PP/A _P) versus distances are given. The possibility to use the (A _PP/A _P) values to give an approximate estimation for the focal mechanism type is discussed. This work may be useful for determining the focal mechanism type for those earthquakes which have only few records such as the Chinese earthquakes from the 1930s to 1960s. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 150–160, 1991.     

Amplitude Response of a LCR Gravimeter with Feedback at Periods of Microseisms and Earthquake Waves

The amplitude response of a LCR gravimeter with the SRW-E feedback was determined on a vertical vibrating platform. The ink-pen recorder was connected parallel with the digital voltmeter input to obtain an analog response of the gravimeter to the harmonic motion of the base with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 10 m and periods excited in an interval of 4 - 10 s as by the ground motion of meteorological microseisms, and in the interval 10 -100 s as by surface waves of distant strong earthquakes. In the first interval, an unexpected maximum of the amplitude response was observed with the double amplitude of apparent 6,5 Gal (6.5 × 10 _–8 m/s ² ) at a period of 4.8 s, and a baseline shift with the amplitude of–64Gal was observed at the same period. The value of this direct component cannot be separated from the effect of the Earth's gravity field. In the second interval, the amplitude response of the gravimeter displayed one expected maximum at a period of 40 s with the double amplitude of 8.1Gal. At the usual level of microseisms with a peak-to-peak amplitude of up to 2 m the fluctuation of the gravimeter on the direct baseline shifted by –4.9 Gal was estimated at 1 Gal. With typical Rayleigh surface waves with periods of 20 s and double amplitudes of up to 100 m, the fluctuation reached 67 Gal.     

Experiment Study and Interpretation on Relation between Modulus of Rock and Strain Amplitude

INTRODUCTIONThe modulus of rock is one of the basic elastic parameters of the earth’s medium. Under theassumption of linear elastic theory and Poisson medium,other parameters can be calculated fromit .But the real earth mediumis nonlinear elastic and has not a simple linear relationship between stressand strain.This causes relatively big differences betweenthe dynamic andthe static modulus of rock.In nonlinear elastic theory,the Young’s modulusEis replaced bythe nonlinear elastic modul…