海底管道管跨段在内外流体作用下的竖向动力特性研究

根据在复杂的海洋环境条件下,管道的动力特性受到内外流体的综合作用影响,呈现与陆地管道不同的特点。研究了结构受到外界流体所产生的涡激作用,同时考虑管内恒定流的影响,利用有限元方法对海底管道管跨段竖向振动的微分方程进行求解。在此基础上得出了管跨段在不同外流流速情况下,内流流速与结构动力响应幅值的关系及其对管跨段振动频率的影响,并进一步探讨了管跨失稳时的极限管内流速与跨长的关系,这些结论对于海底管道设计具有一定实际指导意义。     

FPSO甲板上浪研究现状

浮式生产储油轮（FPSO）是当今海洋石油开发的主流设施。FPSO通常采用单点系泊系统,船首暴露在波浪作用下,定位于特定海域进行长达数年的长期作业,上浪的风险很大。甲板上浪及其产生的载荷已是当前国际FPSO工程和研究领域的热点之一。介绍了国内外在试验研究和理论研究两方面对FPSO甲板上浪研究的进展情况,并建议我国开展这方面的研究。     

沥青实验与评价方法综述

通过对常规沥青试验与评价方法和美国SHRP沥青路用性能规范(AASHTO MP1)的分析和比较,认为现阶段采用常规沥青试验与评价方法结合SHRP规范将是沥青质量控制与评价最有效的手段。     

Compression limit state of HVAC submarine cables

An industry accepted standard does not currently exist for determination of compression limits in a subsea cable. This has resulted in most manufacturers specifying that subsea cables are not permitted to be axially loaded in compression.Additionally industry guidance does not exist regarding the consequences of inducing compression forces within subsea cables and the resulting effect on cable integrity. Industry recommended practice and guidance also does not have any information regarding experimental test arrangements to determine allowable compression levels within a subsea cable. This lack of modelling/testing guidance along with manufacturer recommendations of zero compressive loads within subsea cables results in overly conservative and restrictive design parameters for subsea cable installation and use.Due to the complex interaction within a subsea cable structure, such as contact interaction and friction between cable strands, theoretical modelling has been unable to provide reliable stress predictions and therefore an experimental testing regime is required if compression limits within the cable are to be appropriately determined. This paper describes combined axial and bending test arrangements that can be used as a guideline for determination of allowable compression limits for subsea cables.     

适用于快速远程检测海水中氰化物的方法研究

建立了一种适用于海洋远程快速检测氰化物的检测方法,设计了一体化检测装置,未来可搭载到无人艇上实现自动快速检测。针对最佳检测条件进行了一系列优化,得到最佳检测条件:对于100 mL的待测样品,加入酒石酸固体1.5 g;用1～2滴浓度为150 g/L的碳酸钠溶液浸润苦味酸试纸;加热温度80℃,加热时间10min。在最佳检测条件下,检测检出限达0.3mg/L。该方法实现了适用于海水氰化钠的远程检测,大大提高了检测效率,无需人员进入污染现场,安全性高。可广泛用于海洋危化品泄漏、湖泊污染、现场应急筛选等场合的水体样品快速检测。     

Trend detection in river flow series: 1. Annual maximum flow / Détection de tendance dans des séries de débit fluvial: 1. Débit maximum annuel

Abstract

Results of a study on change detection in hydrological time series of annual maximum river flow are presented. Out of more than a thousand long time series made available by the Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC) in Koblenz, Germany, a worldwide data set consisting of 195 long series of daily mean flow records was selected, based on such criteria as length of series, currency, lack of gaps and missing values, adequate geographical distribution, and priority to smaller catchments. The analysis of annual maximum flows does not support the hypothesis of ubiquitous growth of high flows. Although 27 cases of strong, statistically significant increase were identified by the Mann-Kendall test, there are 31 decreases as well, and most (137) time series do not show any significant changes (at the 10% level). Caution is advised in interpreting these results as flooding is a complex phenomenon, caused by a number of factors that can be associated with local, regional, and hemispheric climatic processes. Moreover, river flow has strong natural variability and exhibits long-term persistence which can confound the results of trend and significance tests.     

吉木萨尔县帐篷沟膨润土矿矿石性能及工业应用试验

该矿为钠基膨润土,由硬质矿块与软质胶结物组成。主要矿物为蒙脱石,平均含量72.85％,其次为石英、方英石及少量石盐、赤铁矿。阳离子交换容量75.95mmol/100g胶质价93ml/15g,湿态抗压强度4.41×10~4～5.79×10~4Pa,20％HCl活化土脱色力110.4～332.5,原矿造浆率5.78m~3/t～12.2m~3/t。浇注铸件质量优良,表面光滑。     

日照帆船港工程泥沙运移物模试验研究

通过动床波浪输沙模型试验,研究了日照帆船港3种设计方案的泥沙运移情况.通过分析试验结果,预报了常浪和大浪作用下工程区的冲淤分布.结果表明,日照帆船港工程的建设不会对邻近海岸产生大的影响,航道和港池均不会出现大的淤积.但是,为防止堤脚冲刷,应在挡沙坝堤脚处设置护脚结构.     

BDS3新试验卫星测距信号质量分析

中国的北斗卫星导航系统按照“三步走”的发展战略稳步推进,目前正处于第二代区域卫星导航系统向第三代全球卫星导航系统发展的关键时期。在郑州设置实验测站,实地采集BDS3新试验卫星的数据,分别从卫星可见数、信号频点、载噪比、伪距观测噪声值、多路径效应等方面分析BDS3试验卫星测距信号的质量。结果表明:对于相同频点,不同卫星的载噪比、伪距噪声、多路径效应变化略有不同,一般而言,倾斜同步轨道卫星(IGSO)的性能优于中轨道卫星(MEO)的性能;相同轨道类型的卫星,载噪比、伪距噪声、多路径效应水平相似,并且载噪比、伪距噪声、多路径效应在各个频点的相对大小关系基本一致。     

影响土的崩解特性因素初步研究

通过研究土的崩解特性进而指导工程施工,按《岩土工程勘察规范》对土的分类标准,对不同粒级分配的土样即砂土、黏粉、粉黏各选取两个代表性样品进行崩解特性试验,研究得出两点结论：（1）崩解过程开始时崩解速度较快,土样表面细小分散颗粒落入水中,此现象砂粉尤为明显,大量土体脱落,崩解速度极为快速。砂粉粒度程度较大,土的孔隙性和透水性较大,因此崩解速度较快,本次两个试样在近1h内完全崩解。黏粉试样含砂粉和粉黏,崩解速度处于砂粉及粉黏之间。而粉黏试样崩解时间较长,崩解过程较为缓慢,甚至几天都无法崩解;（2）崩解过程并不是一个规律的过程,跟土体的物理特性也有关系,且崩解过程中崩解方式不同,开始主要以粉末状和小碎块状为主,浸水时间较长后开始出现裂隙,随着裂隙的增大,期间伴随粉末状崩落,土体呈块状裂开,过程中不断有气泡逸出,水质浑浊。