水力压裂脉冲频率对煤岩预制孔密封效果影响

脉冲水力压裂技术是改造低渗储层的一种重要手段,通过水楔效应和脉冲疲劳损伤双重作用沟通裂隙网络,提高低渗储层导流能力。在脉冲水力压裂室内试验中,试样中预制孔的密封问题是决定水力压裂试验成败的关键,而起裂压力又是评价脉冲封孔段密封效果的重要指标。通过煤岩脉冲水力压裂室内试验,建立了封孔段薄弱结合面与煤岩基体力学性质的关联,研究不同频率对煤岩起裂压力的影响,最终拟合相关数据得到：基于煤岩脉冲作用下起裂压力的预制孔封孔压力经验公式。研究结果为脉冲水力压裂室内试验的试样预制孔密封提供依据。     

岩体断层基础加固与溶洞灌浆处理中的高压灌浆技术

阐述了在岩体断层加固和溶洞处理中的高压灌浆技术,分析了高压灌浆的作用机理,灌浆压力控制的方法,介绍了高压灌浆在水利枢纽工程上的应用效果。     

Atomistic simulation of the structure and elastic properties of pyrite (FeS2) as a function of pressure

Interatomic potential parameters have been derived at simulated temperatures of 0 K and 300 K to model pyrite FeS₂. The predicted pyrite structures are within 1% of those determined experimentally, while the calculated bulk modulus is within 7%. The model is also able to simulate the properties of marcasite, even though no data for this phase were included in the fitting procedure. There is almost no difference in results obtained for pyrite using the two potential sets; however, when used to model FeS₂ marcasite, the potential fitted at 0 K performs better. The potentials have also been used to study the high-pressure behaviour of pyrite up to 44 GPa. The calculated equation of state gives good agreement with experiment and shows that the Fe–S bonds shorten more rapidly that the S–S dimer bonds. The behaviour of marcasite at high pressure is found to be similar to that of pyrite.     

河元背地区绳索取心钻进泵压计算模型的建立与应用

泵压是反映金刚石绳索取心钻进时井内作业是否正常的重要参数。为了进一步研究泵压波动变化与实际钻进作业之间的关系,指导钻进工作的快速、安全开展,结合江西相山河元背地区CUSD2井实际泵压波动数据及相关钻进资料,建立了适用于本井的循环系统压力损失计算模型。对比分析模型计算的理论泵压与实际泵压的波动变化趋势,将模型应用于实际钻进,在此基础上预测后续地层的泵压波动区域范围,发现7 MPa的泵压安全值不再适用于后续地层钻进,调整设置泵压安全值为10 MPa,并利用邻井泵压波动数据进一步验证其可靠性。适当调整修正理论模型,使其可应用于河元背以及相山地区绳索取心钻进中,指导该地区钻探工作。     

有明黏土中搅拌桩施工时的孔隙水压力

深层搅拌桩施工时,固化剂的注入与叶片的搅拌作用不可避免地会扰动周围土体,改变桩周土体中的应力状态,产生超静孔隙水压力。在高灵敏性的日本有明黏土中搅拌桩施工时对周围土体中的孔隙水压力进行了现场监测。监测结果表明周围土体中产生了很高的超静孔隙水压力,其量值较土体的初始上覆压力还要大,使土体中的有效应力为零,处于张拉状态,但是该超静孔隙水压力在初始阶段消散得非常快。为分析施工引起的超静孔隙水压力,将搅拌桩施工时和周围土体的相互作用采用受剪的孔穴扩张过程来模拟,提出一种简单的方法来计算搅拌桩施工时周围土体中的超静孔隙水压力,同时考虑了固化剂注入时的膨胀压力与旋转叶片在搅拌时所产生的剪切力的作用。超静孔隙水压力由土的不排水抗剪强度、剪切力、注浆压力和孔隙压力系数所确定。所提出的计算方法得到实测数据的验证。     

电力隧道超大直径顶管施工扰动特性研究

由于顶管工程在经济方面的优势以及控制周围环境水平的提升,而得到广泛应用,但目前顶管扰动特性方面的研究多数限于中小顶管,未考虑超大直径顶管的特殊性。对上海世博电力电缆隧道顶管施工进行了现场监测,并主要分析了水-土压力变化曲线,测试结果反映了超大直径顶管顶进5阶段的扰动特性。工程经验表明,超大直径长距离顶进成功的主要作用因素有3个：泥浆套作用、开挖面控制和姿态动态调整。最后对泥浆套在顶管中的形成过程以及扰动作用机制进行了研究,泥浆套在注入、泥膜形成以及整体发挥作用的过程中具备填充、支承、隔阻、润滑等作用。     

Numerical 3D modeling of the effects of strain rate and confining pressure on the compressive behavior of Kuru granite

This paper deals with numerical modeling of the compressive behavior of granite rock under high strain rate dynamic loading and wide range of confining pressure. For this end, a constitutive model based on damage mechanics and viscoplasticity for rock is formulated and implemented in explicit dynamics FEM. The viscoplastic part is based on a simple power law type yield criterion that incorporates the rate-dependency with a linear viscosity term. Moreover, a Rankine type of tensile cut-off is employed. The damage part of the model is formulated with separate scalar damage variables in tension and compression. The model is calibrated for Kuru granite and validated with the experimental data from dynamic compression tests at the strain rate of 600 1/s up to 225 MPa of confining pressure. The numerical simulations demonstrate that, despite the underlying continuum modeling approach, the model captures the correct experimental failure modes, including the transition from single-to-multiple fragmentation, as well as the dynamic compressive strengths at different confining pressures.     

液压传感间接测量水位计的研制及其应用

压力式水位计在水文自动测报系统中很难推广的主要原因是泥沙对传感器的影响,泥沙不但会使传感器测量精度达不到测验要求,而且由于泥沙淤积还会给水位计的日常维护带来很大不便。目前进口传感器测量精度高、稳定性能好,但仍避免不了泥沙的影响。针对这一问题,提出了一种新型压力式水位计———液压传感间接测量水位计,该水位计解决了泥沙对压力式水位计的影响,是一种具有很大发展前景的水位测量仪器。     

条形荷载下挡土墙主动土压力计算

考虑条形荷载对滑裂面倾角的影响,改进了库仑土压力理论的极限平衡方法,对条形荷载下的主动土压力进行研究,得到了条形荷载全部作用于土楔体上和被滑裂面截断两种情况下的土压力理论公式。当荷载为0时,该公式可退化到库仑理论。分析表明,在条形荷载被滑裂面截断时,主动滑裂面的倾角不仅与土体内摩擦角、墙土摩擦角、地面倾角等因素有关,而且还与条形荷载的大小和荷载离开墙背的距离有关,土压力系数K随荷载离墙顶水平距离的增大而减小,随荷载的增大而增大。     

A cavity expansion–based solution for interpretation of CPTu data in soils under partially drained conditions

A cavity expansion–based solution is proposed in this paper for the interpretation of CPTu data under a partially drained condition. Variations of the normalized cone tip resistance, cone factor, and undrained-drained resistance ratio are examined with different initial specific volume and overconsolidation ratio, based on the exact solutions of both undrained and drained cavity expansion in CASM, which is a unified state parameter model for clay and sand. A drainage index is proposed to represent the partially drained condition, and the critical state after expansion and stress paths of cavity expansion are therefore predicted by estimating a virtual plastic region and assuming a drainage-index–based mapping technique. The stress paths and distributions of stresses and specific volume are investigated for different values of drainage index, which are also related to the penetration velocity with comparisons of experimental data and numerical results. The subsequent consolidation after penetration is thus predicted with the assumption of constant deviatoric stress during dissipation of the excess pore pressure. Both spherical and cylindrical consolidations are compared for dissipation around the cone tip and the probe shaft, respectively. The effects of overconsolidation ratio on the stress paths and the distributions of excess pore pressure and specific volume are then thoroughly investigated. The proposed solution and the findings would contribute to the interpretation of CPTu tests under a random drained condition, as well as the analysis of pile installation and the subsequent consolidation.