活性氧化铝除氟性能的试验研究

通过静态试验,研究了活性氧化铝对F-的吸附性能,分析了原水氟离子浓度、pH值、活性氧化铝的投加量和吸附时间对吸附性能的影响。研究结果表明：在原水浓度0～50mg／L范围内,活性氧化铝吸附量与原水浓度基本成线性增加的关系;活性氧化铝除氟的最佳pH值为5～7,最佳投加量为10g／L。测定了在25℃时活性氧化铝除氟的吸附等温线,并对吸附等温线进行拟合,证明其符合Langmuir吸附等温式。     

利用粉煤灰制备高纯氧化铝纳米粉体的研究

地球资源的充分利用已成为当今人们普遍关注的问题之一。采用苏打(Na2CO3)焙烧沥滤工艺从粉煤灰烧结料浸出液中制取了高纯超细氢氧化铝,进而通过控制煅烧制得氧化铝纳米粉体。对制备氧化铝的活化过程、浸出过程和煅烧过程的化学原理与工艺控制进行了研究与分析,确定了制备高纯氧化铝纳米粉体的较佳实验条件和工艺参数。应用XRD、TEM、BET和ICP等微观分析手段对所得Al2O3 的形态、结构和纯度进行了表征。结果表明:焙烧、水煮粉煤灰和Na2CO3,并精确调节溶出液的pH值,可使超细的氢氧化铝沉淀析出。在85 ℃充分干燥后,分别于800 ℃、1 100 ℃煅烧2 h,得到晶型结构分别为γAl2O3 和αAl2O3 的氧化铝纳米粉体,其形态为纤维状和球状,比表面积分别为238.9 m2/g和16.82 m2/g,平均粒径为20~40 nm,纯度大于99.9%。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定红土镍矿中镍钴镁铝铁

红土镍矿分析没有统一的国家标准,行业标准于2013年初刚制定,其应用处于起步阶段,且行业标准中红土镍矿各元素主要采用化学分析法测定,操作程序繁琐耗时,工作量大,分析效率低。本文建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱测定红土镍矿中镍、钴、镁、铝和铁含量的方法。红土镍矿样采用王水溶解,加入氢氟酸和高氯酸,加热至高氯酸烟冒尽,再用盐酸溶解盐类,对消解后溶液中镍、钴、镁、铝和铁等目标元素选择了合适的分析谱线消除干扰。方法检出限镍为2.98 μg/g,钴为1.60 μg/g,镁为1.68 μg/g,铝为3.79 μg/g,铁为9.52 μg/g;方法精密度(RSD,n=11)为1.5%~2.2%;加标回收率为96.0%~102.5%。国家标准物质分析的测定值与标准值和外检值吻合较好。该方法简便快速,单元素不需分别处理,提高了分析效率,能够满足红土镍矿冶炼生产和地质探矿样品测定及时性的要求。     

含缓蚀剂钻井液对铝合金钻杆材料的腐蚀影响

铝合金钻杆在钻井液中发生腐蚀会引发严重的孔内事故。为了延缓钻井液对铝合金钻杆的腐蚀作用,在pH值为10、温度为70 ℃的聚磺体系钻井液中,分别加入一定比例的有机缓蚀剂（十二烷基苯磺酸钠,C18H29NaO3S或SDBS）及稀土缓蚀剂〔硫酸镧,La2(SO4)3〕,通过力学性能测试,研究缓蚀剂对7075系铝合金钻杆材料腐蚀的影响。结果表明：上述2种缓蚀剂均可降低铝合金在碱性钻井液中的腐蚀,提高铝合金钻杆抗拉强度最高达6.73%;合金中Cu、Mg、Si等元素的第二相粒子是腐蚀的敏感区域,第二相粒子脱落后即形成腐蚀坑;在产生腐蚀裂纹时,腐蚀产物主要由Al、C、O等元素组成。     

悬浮进样石墨炉原子吸收法测定纳米氧化锆粉体中的微量铝

采用水介质直接分散纳米氧化锆粉体悬浮进样，以水标准溶液绘制校正曲线，石墨炉原子吸收法测定其中的微量Al。系统研究了Al的原子化和灰化行为，不同分散介质及基体元素对测定Al的影响，获得了测定Al的优化条件。方法对Al的检测限为0．5ng／g，Al的线性范围为0～2．5mg／L，基体ZrO2的质量浓度小于2g／L时，对Al的测定无干扰，悬浮进样直接测定的RSD(n=5)为6．0％。样品的测定结果与其他方法对比基本一致。     

Petrogenesis of the Nanling Mountains granites from South China: Constraints from systematic apatite geochemistry and whole-rock geochemical and Sr–Nd isotope compositions

The widespread Mesozoic granitoids in South China (135,300 km²) were emplaced in three main periods: Triassic (16% of the total surface area of Mesozoic granitoids), Jurassic (47%), and Cretaceous (37%). Though much study has been conducted on the most abundant Jurassic Nanling Mountains (NLM) granites, their rock affinities relative to the Triassic Darongshan (DRS) and Cretaceous Fuzhou–Zhangzhou Complex (FZC) granites which are typical S- and I-type, respectively, and the issue of their petrogenetic evolution is still the subject of much debate. In this study, we discuss the petrogenesis of NLM granites using apatite geochemistry combined with whole-rock geochemical and Sr–Nd isotope compositions. Sixteen apatite samples from six granite batholiths, one gabbro, and three syenite bodies in the NLM area were analyzed for their major and trace element abundances and compared with those collected from DRS (n = 7) and FZC (n = 6) granites. The apatite geochemistry reveals that Na, Si, S, Mn, Sr, U, Th concentrations and REE distribution patterns for apatites from DRS and FZC granites basically are similar to the S and I granite types of the Lachlan Fold Belt (Australia), whereas those from NLM granites have intermediate properties and cannot be correlated directly with these granite types. According to some indications set by the apatite geochemistry (e.g., lower U and higher Eu abundances), NLM apatites appear to have formed under oxidizing conditions. In addition, we further found that their REE distribution patterns are closely related to aluminum saturation index (ASI) and Nd isotope composition, rather than SiO₂ content or degree of differentiation, of the host rock. The majority of apatites from NLM granites (ASI = 0.97–1.08 and εNd(T) = −8.8 to −11.6) display slightly right-inclined apatite REE patterns distinguishable from the typical S- and I-type. However, those from few granites with ASI > 1.1 and εNd(T) < −11.6 have REE distribution patterns (near-flat) similar to DRS apatites whereas those from granites with ASI < 1.0 and εNd(T) > −6.6 and gabbro and syenite are similar to FZC apatites (strongly right-inclined). In light of Sr and Nd isotope compositions, magmas of NLM intrusives, except gabbro and syenite, and few granites with εNd(T) > −8, generally do not involve a mantle component. Instead, they fit with a melt derived largely from in situ melting or anatexis of the pre-Mesozoic (mainly Caledonian) granitic crust with subordinate pre-Yanshanian (mainly Indosinian) granitic crust. We suggest that an application, using combined whole-rock ASI and εNd(T) values, is as useful as the apatite geochemistry for recognizing possible sources for the NLM granites.     

氟盐取代-EDTA滴定法测定铝土矿中铝量

采用EDTA滴定法(氟盐取代)对高铁质铝土矿石中三氧化二铝的含量进行测定。重点探讨了氟化钾的加入量及煮沸时间对三氧化二铝测定结果的影响。方法用于实际样品中三氧化二铝的测定,结果符合质量管理规范。     

无机高分子絮凝剂絮凝机制的研究进展

近年来无机高分子絮凝剂的研究已成为水处理药剂研究的热点。本文概述近年来无机高分子絮凝剂絮凝机理的研究进展 ,包括我们所最近研制的三系列含水聚硅酸铝铁钠废水净化剂 ,它们的优缺点及其絮凝机理。重点阐明研制絮凝剂时通常采用共存阴离子和活性硅酸与铝盐或 /和铁盐的聚合作用 ,并探索絮凝剂中各组分对絮凝剂的絮凝效果的贡献。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定生物样品中铁、钙、镁、磷、钾、钠

本文介绍了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定生物样品中Fe、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法,参加了国家植物标准物质定值,结果令人满意。     

鄂尔多斯盆地北缘煤炭固体废弃物中铝的特征

为了研究煤炭固体废弃物中铝的含量及赋存状态,探讨其中氧化铝提取的可能性,在处理煤炭固体废弃物的同时扩大我国自然铝资源,分别采用化学分析、XRD、SEM及粒度分布等方法对鄂尔多斯北缘准格尔等煤田煤矸石及粉煤灰进行了化学成分、物相组成及结构测定。结果表明:该地区的煤矸石和粉煤灰中氧化铝的质量分数均接近或大于40%, 达到了铝矿床的工业品位;煤矸石中铝主要赋存在高岭石和勃姆石中,OF灰中铝主要赋存在莫来石中,而CFB灰中铝则赋存在非晶态物质中;同时CFB灰与OF灰相比具颗粒细小且粒度分布均匀、颗粒形态呈絮状、结构活性高等特点;CFB灰中的铝活性高易提取,煤矸石中的铝只需要热活化即可提取,而OF灰中的铝则需要化学活化才可以提取。高铝煤炭固体废弃物中铝的有效提取可以补充铝资源的不足。