全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3143篇 |
免费 | 704篇 |
国内免费 | 367篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 181篇 |
大气科学 | 149篇 |
地球物理 | 1120篇 |
地质学 | 1557篇 |
海洋学 | 282篇 |
天文学 | 8篇 |
综合类 | 193篇 |
自然地理 | 724篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 11篇 |
2023年 | 26篇 |
2022年 | 75篇 |
2021年 | 138篇 |
2020年 | 158篇 |
2019年 | 156篇 |
2018年 | 129篇 |
2017年 | 157篇 |
2016年 | 156篇 |
2015年 | 140篇 |
2014年 | 174篇 |
2013年 | 277篇 |
2012年 | 175篇 |
2011年 | 169篇 |
2010年 | 154篇 |
2009年 | 174篇 |
2008年 | 196篇 |
2007年 | 217篇 |
2006年 | 199篇 |
2005年 | 156篇 |
2004年 | 173篇 |
2003年 | 156篇 |
2002年 | 127篇 |
2001年 | 111篇 |
2000年 | 92篇 |
1999年 | 79篇 |
1998年 | 89篇 |
1997年 | 83篇 |
1996年 | 44篇 |
1995年 | 57篇 |
1994年 | 45篇 |
1993年 | 20篇 |
1992年 | 18篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 14篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4214条查询结果,搜索用时 873 毫秒
51.
52.
华南地区小流域水污染控制规划初探 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
随着经济和城市化进程的快速发展,华南地区小流域水环境污染日趋严重,因此以规划的方法控制该区小流域水污染成为了一种重要的途径。从水环境污染控制规划的基本定义出发,重点分析了小流域水环境污染控制规划的一般规范及其在实施中存在的一些问题,并就这些问题提出了相应的对策,指出小流域进行水环境污染控制时必须加强环境意识,提高环境工作者素质,结合自身实际,走出一条既符合中国国情更符合华南地区小流域的水污染控制规划道路,为华南地区的持续,快速发展创造条件。 相似文献
53.
汾河口傍河水源地激发补给量研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
该文阐述傍河水源地地下水资源构成和补给特性。利用野外试验与室内数值模拟相结合方法,分析汾河口傍河水源地可采水资源量,数值模型刻画黄河实际摆动边界,考虑潜水延迟给水和极端干旱气候条件等多种方案;利用环境同位素技术追踪傍河水源地开采条件下的河水激发补给过程和补给强度。研究表明,在渗透性较好的常年性河流旁建立的水源地,具有抵御极端气象、水文环境以丰补歉的能力,枯水年动用的含水层储存量。丰水年恢复性强。 相似文献
54.
55.
冲积-河流相层序地层模式--以济阳坳陷新近系为例 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
从层序边界分析人手,对层序类型体系域类型等进行了研究,认为冲积-河流相地层体系域划分具4分性,即发育有低位体系域、扩张体系域、高位体系域,当基准面缓慢下降时,还可发育收缩体系域.同时,根据济阳坳陷新近系沉积特征,指出各体系域对应的沉积体系及相类型,认为低位体系域以侵蚀下切、冲积扇.辫状河沉积为主;扩张体系域由辫状河向曲流河过渡;高位体系域时期以曲流河为主.其次,根据构造演化、古气候变化、古地形等研究认为,尽管新近纪济阳坳陷进入坳陷发育时期,断裂活动明显减弱,但是构造运动对层序发育仍有一定影响;根据古气候分析认为,新近纪经历了北亚热带温湿气候,中亚热带温湿气候,北亚热带干旱气候等阶段.这种气候变化导致了馆陶组沉积早、中期河流纵横交错,辫状河道发育,馆陶组沉积后期逐渐向曲流河过渡;明化镇组沉积期河道相对不发育.由古地形及物源供给分析,认为古地形差异的变化与物源供给对济阳坳陷新近系层序发育、层序样式等有一定程度影响. 相似文献
56.
平原河网区域来水组成原理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对于一般树状分布河网,上一级河道总是汇入至下一级河道,位于河道下游断面的流量总是由其上游汇集而至。但对于平原河网地区,特别是人工控制建筑物众多,又受潮汐影响的地区(如太湖流域),河网错综复杂,水流方向不定,要跟踪某个断面的水流去向,或某个河段的水体、断面流量是从哪里汇集而来的,非常困难。但这样的问题在生产实践中往往对其很感兴趣。例如从常熟枢纽引长江水流进入望虞河后,流向何处?河网各断面流量中或各河段水体中常熟枢纽引江水量占多少比重?对这些问题的研究可以估计常熟枢纽引江的效果和影响范围。因此,平原河网区域来水组成方法在生产实践中具有重要意义。重点介绍了平原河网区域来水组成原理及其在太湖流域的应用。 相似文献
57.
数字高程模型(DEM)中的闭合洼地和平坦区域影响着流域排水网络的自动提取.目前已提出很多方法来处理这两种地形,但均针对已经形成的DEM单元网格进行处理,结果往往生成伪河道及平行河道.在回顾分析了这些方法存在的问题后,提出了一种新的处理方法,该法认为DEM中的闭合洼地和平坦区域是由于低质量的资料输入、生成DEM时的内插误差等引起的.通过增加输入地形高程信息,避免了DEM中平坦区域和闭合洼地的生成,从而使由DEM生成的河网与实际河网能够精确拟合.实例分析表明,该方法效果明显. 相似文献
58.
S. A. Gil-Zepeda J. C. Montalvo-Arrieta R. Vai F. J. Snchez-Sesma 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2003,23(1):77-86
A hybrid indirect boundary element – discrete wavenumber method is presented and applied to model the ground motion on stratified alluvial valleys under incident plane SH waves from an elastic half-space. The method is based on the single-layer integral representation for diffracted waves. Refracted waves in the horizontally stratified region can be expressed as a linear superposition of solutions for a set of discrete wavenumbers. These solutions are obtained in terms of the Thomson–Haskell propagators formalism. Boundary conditions of continuity of displacements and tractions along the common boundary between the half-space and the stratified region lead to a system of equations for the sources strengths and the coefficients of the plane wave expansion. Although the regions share the boundary, the discretization schemes are different for both sides: for the exterior region, it is based on the numerical and analytical integration of exact Green's functions for displacements and tractions whereas for the layered part, a collocation approach is used. In order to validate this approach results are compared for well-known cases studied in the literature. A homogeneous trapezoidal valley and a parabolic stratified valley were studied and excellent agreement with previous computations was found. An example is given for a stratified inclusion model of an alluvial deposit with an irregular interface with the half-space. Results are displayed in both frequency and time domains. These results show the significant influence of lateral heterogeneity and the emergence of locally generated surface waves in the seismic response of alluvial valleys. 相似文献
59.
A detailed study of the morphology and micro‐morphology of Quaternary alluvial calcrete profiles from the Sorbas Basin shows that calcretes may be morphologically simple or complex. The ‘simple’ profiles reflect pedogenesis occurring after alluvial terrace formation and consist of a single pedogenic horizon near the land surface. The ‘complex’ profiles reflect the occurrence of multiple calcrete events during terrace sediment aggradation and further periods of pedogenesis after terrace formation. These ‘complex’ calcrete profiles are consequently described as composite profiles. The exact morphology of the composite profiles depends upon: (1) the number of calcrete‐forming events occurring during terrace sediment aggradation; (2) the amount of sediment accretion that occurs between each period of calcrete formation; and (3) the degree of pedogenesis after terrace formation. Simple calcrete profiles are most useful in establishing landform chronologies because they represent a single phase of pedogenesis after terrace formation. Composite profiles are more problematic. Pedogenic calcretes that form within them may inherit carbonate from calcrete horizons occurring lower down in the terrace sediments. In addition erosion may lead to the exhumation of older calcretes within the terrace sediment. Calcrete ‘inheritance’ may make pedogenic horizons appear more mature than they actually are and produce horizons containing carbonate embracing a range of ages. Calcrete exhumation exposes calcrete horizons whose morphology and radiometric ages are wholly unrelated to terrace surface age. Composite profiles are, therefore, only suitable for chronological studies if the pedogenic horizon capping the terrace sequence can be clearly distinguished from earlier calcrete‐forming events. Thus, a detailed morphological/micro‐morphological study is required before any chronological study is undertaken. This is the only way to establish whether particular calcrete profiles are suitable for dating purposes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
60.
A. P. Nicholas 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2003,28(6):655-674
This paper reports the application of a two‐dimensional hydraulic model to a braided reach of the Avoca River, New Zealand. Field measurements of water surface elevation, depth and velocity obtained at low flow were used to validate the model and to optimize the parameterization of bed friction. The main systematic trends in the measured flow variables are reproduced by the model. However, field data are characterized by greater spatial variability than model output reflecting differences in the scale of processes measured in the field and represented by the model. Additional model runs were conducted to simulate flow patterns within the study reach at five higher discharges. The purpose of these simulations was to evaluate the potential for using two‐dimensional hydraulic models to quantify the reach‐scale hydraulic characteristics of braided rivers and their dependence on discharge. Changes in flow depth and velocity with increasing discharge exhibit trends that are consistent with the results of previous field investigations, although the tendency for the wetted area of the braidplain within particular depth and velocity categories to remain fixed as discharge rises, as has been noted for several braided rivers in New Zealand, was not observed. Modelled shear stress frequency distributions fit gamma functions that incorporate a distribution shape parameter, the value of which follows clear systematic trends with rising discharge. These results illustrate both the problems of, and potential for, using two‐dimensional hydraulic models in braided river applications. This leads to something of a paradox in that while such models provide a means of generating hydraulic information that would be difficult to obtain in the field at an equivalent spatial resolution, they are, due to the problems inherent to data collection, difficult to validate conclusively. Despite this limitation, the application of spatially distributed models to investigate relationships between discharge and reach‐scale form and process variables appears to have considerable potential. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献