Late Devensian and Holocene landscape change in the uplands of the Isle of Man

The Late Glacial and Holocene geomorphology of the Manx uplands has received scant attention in previous researches. Solifluction deposits and terraces provide the earliest evidence for geomorphic activity after deglaciation. Fluvial incision into drift-choked valleys is correlated with the formation of the large mountain front alluvial fans that flank the Manx uplands. Formation of these alluvial fans is constrained to 15,000–10,500 cal. years BP by ¹⁴C dates on organic deposits beneath and above the alluvial fan gravels. Alluvial fan and river terraces along four valleys postdate this incision. Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and ¹⁴C dating provide a tentative chronology for these landforms. The higher terraces are Late Glacial fluvial surfaces that were probably occupied by rivers into the Holocene. Incision during the Late Holocene led to the abandonment of the higher surfaces, producing a suite of younger river terraces and alluvial fan surfaces. Independent dating constrains this fluvial activity to post-Bronze Age (3500–2800 cal. years BP). Increased human activity and climatic change during the Late Holocene are possible causes for this increased geomorphic activity.     

Soils and Land use on Lithologically Diverse Ophiolitic Alluvia on the Coastal Plain of Palawan,Philippines

The soils on the southeastern coastal plain of Palawan, Philippines are developed on alluvium derived from various lithologies of the Palawan Ophiolitic Complex. There is little lateral mixing of the alluvium. The soil pattern is interpreted as the result of increasing weathering and leaching with age on deposits of different lithological origins. In the ultramafic catchment the younger soils are infertile due to several unfavourable characteristics, including high contents of heavy metals and Mg, deficiencies of P and micro‐nutrients, and impermeability. These soils improve with increased weathering and leaching, and the older soils have better physical and Mg characteristics. In felsic alluvia the reverse is found, and the soils on younger deposits are the most fertile, while the older soils have unfavourable combinations of subsoil compaction, acidity and dominance by aluminium. These patterns are reflected in the current land use, with areas of sparse settlement and cultivation on the less fertile soils on younger ultramafic and older felsic alluvia. These areas have been avoided or abandoned, rather than overlooked, by farmers and cannot be considered as “empty lands”. Their sustainable development will require careful management. Most of the more fertile land is already cultivated.     

四川大邑—崇州地区的白垩、第三系

四川大邑、崇州地区的白垩、第三系发育良好 ,地层呈北东—南西走向。在《万家坪幅》区域地质调研期间 ,对该区的白垩系、第三系测制了多条剖面 ,划分出了天马山组、夹关组、灌口组、名山组及大邑砾岩等岩石地层单元 ,总结了它的岩石特征相变情况 ,讨论了白垩、第三纪地的地质时代及划分对比 ,简述了这一时期沉积环境的演变是由冲积扇到河、湖相的划分依据     

Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards of Alluvial Fans

A strategy is presented for the assessment ofdebris-flow hazards on alluvial fans on the basis ofa case study carried out on the southern foot of astratovolcano named Mt. Yatsugatake. Transformation ofcommercial forests into a golf course was planned ata corner of the Kikkakezawa fan. The case studyinvolves an assessment of hazards due to debris flowsof different magnitudes and their recurrenceintervals. The environmental conditions for therecurrence of these debris flows are discussed as wellas the extent of the areas affected by them. In orderto generalize the case study, concepts of hazardpotential, hazard and risk for debris flows onalluvial fans are established. Accordingly, the hazardpotential is the possible hazards at any location onan alluvial fan in an indefinitely long time period,which can be assessed on the basis of hydrological andother geoscientific investigations. Hazards associatedwith a particular land use can be evaluated on thebasis of the hazard potential considering the locationand the time period associated with the land use. Riskcan be further assessed considering the life styles inthis land and the social conditions.     

BED FORMS AND RESISTANCE PROPERTIES OF LIGHT-WEIGHT BED MATERIAL

I. INTRODUCTIONResistance to flow in alluvial streams is one of the crucial problems in fluvial hydraulics. Despite that large amount of studies have been conducted for centuries, no perfectmethod describing and calculating the resistance to flow in alluvial streams is availablehll now. Investigation on bed forms and resistance properties of light--weight bed materials is even more scarce. USWES (1936) has conducted systematic experiments onlight--weight materials in a flume & m long an…     

雅鲁藏布江缝合带日喀则群的蛇绿岩质海底扇及其板块构造意义

沿雅鲁藏布江缝合带分布的日喀则群(K_2TK)砂泥质细粒复理石中发育着一种独特的沉积单元——蛇绿岩质砂砾质海底扇。这些扇体规模小,内扇和中扇相序典型。无论是内扇还是中扇,水道都特别发育,而且水道游荡作用明显。盛行砂砾质高密度浊流和粘性碎屑流沉积,沉积物粒度粗,含大量卵石级以上的粗碎屑,具有近源、快速堆积的特点。其碎屑组分为世界现代和古代海底扇沉积所罕见,主要是蛇绿岩碎屑,并含少量岛弧火山-岩浆岩碎屑和老地层的碎屑。这些扇体具有活动边缘型海底扇的典型特征,但又有其特殊性,它们发育在雅鲁藏布洋盆闭合、印度板块与藏北板块开始碰撞时的残留复理石盆地边缘。板块碰撞导致蛇绿岩质杂岩体和洋壳物质逆冲、抬升形成一个外弧造山带。该外弧造山带成为这些扇体的主要物源区。同时,强烈的逆掩和纳布作用也可将部分岛弧岩和老地层带到残留盆地边缘,一起作为来源母岩。     

Scattering of Rayleigh waves by a shallow circular alluvial valley： High-frequency solution

Introduction The effect of local site conditions on wave propagation is one of the most attractive topics in engineering seismology. It may be resolved by either a numerical method or an analytical method. Numerical methods include the finite difference, finite element, boundary element method, etc. The analytical method is the wave function expansion method. The advantage of these numerical methods is that they can be applied to local inhomogeneity of arbitrary shapes, but analytical method …     

Dating alluvial deposits with optically stimulated luminescence, AMS C and cosmogenic techniques, western Transverse Ranges, California, USA

In an effort to better understand chronology of alluvial episodes in Cuyama Valley in the western Transverse Ranges of California, USA, we employed optically stimulated luminescence, radiocarbon and cosmogenic radionuclide surface exposure dating methods. Twenty-one optical dates ranging from 0.01 to 27 ka were obtained from exposures of late-Holocene axial-fluvial deposits, Pleistocene–Holocene alluvial-fan deposits, and axial-fluvial sands interbedded within a late Pleistocene alluvial fan. These were cross-checked with 37 AMS radiocarbon dates from charcoal and wood from within a and five ¹⁰Be surface exposure dates from boulders on alluvial-fan surfaces. The OSL results show generally good stratigraphic consistency, logical comparison with the radiocarbon and cosmogenic data, and appear to be the best method for accurate dating within deposits of this nature because suitable material is fairly easy to find in these environments. The radiocarbon data contained numerous “detrital ages”, but well-bedded lenses of apparently in situ or minimally transported charcoal provide reliable age estimates for the associated alluvium. Radiocarbon dating of detrital charcoal in the older alluvial fan deposits was problematic. Our cosmogenic surface-exposure dating was consistent stratigraphically and with our other data, but we were unable to determine its accuracy due to the limited number of samples and the possibility of inherited radionuclides and post-depositional erosion. In light of our results, we suggest that OSL dating using the latest analytical techniques combined with rigorous methods for estimation of paleodase is reliable and of increasing utility in otherwise difficult-to-date coarse alluvial environments in the southwestern United States and elsewhere.     

右江高阶地胀缩土成因初探

研究胀缩土的成因,为地表建筑物防灾减灾,有一定的现实意义。根据胀缩土的工程地质特征,平面和垂向分布规律,右江高阶地胀缩土为冲洪积成因。     

廊固凹陷近岸水下扇特征及控制因素

通过对廊固凹陷18口井541 m岩心的系统观察、156口井测井序列的建立、1km×1 km三维地震测网密度的地震相识别,分析了该沉积体系的相带展布特征。该砂砾岩层总体趋势为向上厚度减薄、层数减少,共识别出5期扇体,多呈条带状沿大兴断层断面分布,每期之间发育稳定的暗色泥岩段。该近岸水下扇的形成受3级层序、大兴断层、古构造、古气候、古地形以及物源供给等多种因素的控制。3级层序的发育特点、大兴断层的分段活动以及特殊的物源供给背景因素的匹配对近岸水下扇形成起到决定性作用。2~3期扇体扇中分布范围广,储集条件好,是凹陷下一步开发工作的有利目标。