珠江口盆地惠州凹陷深部储层成岩作用与孔隙演化

惠州凹陷是珠江口盆地重要的油气富集区,但深层古近系的勘探尚未突破,主要是束缚勘探的储层问题没有得到解决。对于深部储层而言,孔隙的发育状况与储层的岩石成分、结构密切相关,成岩作用及孔隙演化对储层的储集性能有重要的影响。本文在对大量薄片和岩芯进行分析的基础上,运用扫描电镜、X射线分析、有机酸测试等手段,对惠州凹陷深层砂岩储层的成岩作用和孔隙演化进行了详细研究。结果表明,压实作用、胶结作用等使砂岩孔隙度降低,不稳定矿物和部分填隙物的溶蚀作用导致孔隙度增大。各井数据揭示珠海组及恩平组深层储集砂岩的成岩强度大部分达到了中成岩阶段B期,有机酸被释放出来,参与溶解作用,次生溶蚀孔隙的大量形成,改善了深部储层的物性,增添了深层的勘探潜力。     

内蒙古西部额济纳旗及邻区石炭系—二叠系的储集条件——石炭系—二叠系油气地质条件研究之二

通过对研究区石炭系—二叠系碎屑岩沉积相纵向演化与平面展布特征、岩石学特征、成岩作用、孔隙类型的研究,认为研究区石炭系—二叠系碎屑岩砂砾岩的发育程度、成分成熟度、结构成熟度等均受阿拉善古陆和马鬃山-拐子湖中间隆起带2个沉积物源的控制。南部以阿拉善古陆为主要沉积物源,砂砾岩发育,成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较高。由南向北阿拉善古陆作为物源的影响逐渐降低,砂砾岩发育程度逐渐变差,成分成熟度和结构成熟度亦逐渐变差。以粘土矿物及其相对含量、自生矿物特征等为主要依据,对成岩作用阶段进行划分,多数剖面以中成岩A期为主,研究区北部、北山地区和受阿尔金走滑断裂影响的雅干一带,受构造动力变质作用或岩浆热接触变质作用的影响进入中成岩B期。碎屑岩储集层孔隙演化受成岩作用的控制,多数以溶蚀孔（缝）为主,少数具有残余粒间孔,总体来看孔隙发育较差。除碎屑岩储集层外,各类碳酸盐岩、火山岩,以及华力西期风化壳的各类岩石均可能成为重要的储集层类型。     

盐湖盆地斜坡带碎屑岩成岩作用特征初探──以柴达木盆地阿尔金斜坡第三系碎屑岩地层为例

在柴达木盆地阿尔金斜坡第三系地层中,砂岩中碳酸盐重结晶强烈、压实程度弱、石英自生加大较弱、早期碳酸盐胶结物发育。碳酸盐主要为无机成因,少量与生物气有关,其含量受盐度的影响。泥岩中粘土矿物以伊利石、绿泥石和伊蒙混层为主,缺少蒙脱石和高岭石,随埋深增加,伊利石相对含量变化无规律可循,绿泥石相对含量减少,推测伊利石主要为陆源成因。     

层序界面对砂岩成岩作用及储层质量的影响——以鄂尔多斯盆地延河露头上三叠统延长组为例

砂岩成岩作用及储层质量是油气勘探的重要研究内容,不同地区砂岩成岩作用及储层质量的主要控制因素各不相同。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地东部延河露头剖面延长组长7上部—长4+5中部三角洲前缘—三角洲平原沉积为例,重点讨论三级层序界面（长16底）上下不同基准面半旋回中砂岩自生矿物、储集空间类型、储集性能和含油性差异及造成这些差异的原因。指出层序界面之下的下降半旋回中浊沸石和早期钙质砂岩结核的发育阻止了绿泥石等粘土矿物及自生石英和自生钠长石的发育,而界面之上的上升半旋回中因凝灰质不足以及地层温度较低造成浊沸石发育有限,加之受湖水影响较小而缺乏早期方解石胶结物,因而绿泥石等自生粘土矿物及自生石英和自生钠长石较为发育,并保留了一部分原生孔隙。层序界面及紧邻其上大规模发育的长16砂体成为流体运移的优势通道,是界面之上浊沸石、方解石胶结物及长石颗粒被酸性流体溶蚀形成次生孔隙的重要因素,也是石油的重要运移通道和储集体。     

山东胜利油田第三系碎屑岩的埋藏成岩作用与储层评价

研究区在新生代为一持续下沉的断陷盆地,碎屑岩十分发育.有些埋藏成岩矿物,其出现深度的温度,等于或接近于其他学者对这些矿物的实测温度.这类成岩矿物包括石英(次生加大)、自生高岭石、自生石榴石、腐蚀状绿帘石及粘土矿物等.根据与温度有关的各种成岩作用,可划分出浅成、中成、深成和超深成四个岩带.业已查明,埋藏成岩带可用以划分和评价碎屑岩储油层.     

东准噶尔北缘两类钙碱性花岗岩特征及其构造-成矿意义

依据前人对东准噶尔地区花岗岩类年代学和地球化学研究,将东准噶尔北缘钙碱性花岗岩划分为两类：一类为俯冲钙碱性花岗岩;另一类为后碰撞高钾钙碱性花岗岩。岩石地球化学对比研究发现,两类钙碱性花岗岩存在系统差异,兼具有相似性。岩石地球化学特点差异表现为俯冲钙碱性花岗岩,显示亲岛弧岩浆性,后碰撞高钾钙碱性花岗岩具有陆内后碰撞深成岩浆的特点。两者之间的相似性表明,造山带内花岗岩类由俯冲钙碱性→后碰撞高钾钙碱性系列演化是由于俯冲造山向碰撞造山快速转化、空间上位于同一造山带内,源区岩浆有双重性的特点。钙碱性花岗岩产出的构造环境具有多样性,成岩过程受造山带不同演化阶段相应构造背景制约,洋陆俯冲的岛弧环境和陆内造山的后碰撞环境分别是俯冲钙碱性和后碰撞高钾钙碱性花岗岩形成的构造背景。埃达克质岩浆亲和性显示俯冲钙碱性花岗岩与部分后碰撞高钾钙碱性花岗岩均有形成不同背景（岛弧和后碰撞）斑岩型矿床的潜力。后碰撞高钾钙碱性花岗岩与IOCG型矿床的空间联系,表明造山带伸展背景的后碰撞环境,也可能是IOCG型矿床产出的构造背景。两类钙碱性花岗岩构造背景的差异可能初步印证了具有岛弧斑岩型矿床的哈腊苏-卡拉先格尔和IOCG型矿床的老山口南东一带成矿环境的差异。     

松辽盆地储层成岩反应与孔隙流体地球化学性质及成因

松辽盆地储层的砂岩类型为典型的不稳定砂岩,岩屑、长石等不稳定组分的含量较大。长石的钠长石化作用和长石、岩屑的水化水解作用、溶解作用、导致了不稳定组分的转变以及大量离子游离于孔隙水中,同时导致大量的自生矿物沉淀。因此,在沉积物沉积埋藏过程中,孔隙水与矿物之间发生了一系列物理和化学变化,通过水－岩之间的离子交换改变了孔隙不中的离子组合。在砂碉成岩过程中,各种成岩反应随着沉积物的埋藏压实具有不同程度的阶     

Petrogenesis of Early Carboniferous Alkaline Basalt from the Wusun Mountain: Implications for Tectonic Evolution of the Western Yining Block,NW China

Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks are well exposed in the Yining Block, NW China, and are predominately composed of andesites, rhyolites and volcaniclastics as well as minor basalts. Study of the petrology, whole-rock geochemistry and zircon U-Pb dating for the Early Carboniferous alkaline basalts from Wusun Mountain, western Yining Block, constrains their petrogenesis and tectonic evolution. The alkaline basalts consist mainly of plagioclases, mostly albite and labradorite, as well as clinopyroxenes and olivines; zircon U-Pb dating indicates their formation at ca. 350 Ma. Geochemically, the basaltic samples have low SiO2 contents, and high TiO2, Al2O3 and alkaline contents, coupled with high Na2O/K2O ratios, displaying an alkaline basalt affinity. They show remarkable LILE enrichment and HFSE depletion. Meantime, these samples have relatively high TFe2O3, MgO, and Mg# values as well as Ni and Cr, relatively high Sm/Yb and U/Th, suggesting origination from a mantle source metasomatized by slab fluids. They formed in a transitional tectonic setting from arc to intraplate, showing a typical affinity of back-arc basin basalts. The alkaline basalts were likely generated in a nascent back-arc extension setting resulting from slab rollback of the southern Tianshan oceanic lithosphere. A bi-directional subduction model seems more reasonable for the evolution of the southern Tianshan Ocean. These new data will provide a new tectonic model for Late Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the western Yining Block.     

Rare earth element geochemistry of scleractinian coral skeleton during meteoric diagenesis: a sequence through neomorphism of aragonite to calcite

Rare earth element geochemistry in carbonate rocks is utilized increasingly for studying both modern oceans and palaeoceanography, with additional applications for investigating water–rock interactions in groundwater and carbonate diagenesis. However, the study of rare earth element geochemistry in ancient rocks requires the preservation of their distribution patterns through subsequent diagenesis. The subjects of this study, Pleistocene scleractinian coral skeletons from Windley Key, Florida, have undergone partial to complete neomorphism from aragonite to calcite in a meteoric setting; they allow direct comparison of rare earth element distributions in original coral skeleton and in neomorphic calcite. Neomorphism occurred in a vadose setting along a thin film, with degradation of organic matter playing an initial role in controlling the morphology of the diagenetic front. As expected, minor element concentrations vary significantly between skeletal aragonite and neomorphic calcite, with Sr, Ba and U decreasing in concentration and Mn increasing in concentration in the calcite, suggesting that neomorphism took place in an open system. However, rare earth elements were largely retained during neomorphism, with precipitating cements taking up excess rare earth elements released from dissolved carbonates from higher in the karst system. Preserved rare earth element patterns in the stabilized calcite closely reflect the original rare earth element patterns of the corals and associated reef carbonates. However, minor increases in light rare earth element depletion and negative Ce anomalies may reflect shallow oxidized groundwater processes, whereas decreasing light rare earth element depletion may reflect mixing of rare earth elements from associated microbialites or contamination from insoluble residues. Regardless of these minor disturbances, the results indicate that rare earth elements, unlike many minor elements, behave very conservatively during meteoric diagenesis. As the meteoric transformation of aragonite to calcite is a near worst case scenario for survival of original marine trace element distributions, this study suggests that original rare earth element patterns may commonly be preserved in ancient limestones, thus providing support for the use of ancient marine limestones as proxies for marine rare earth element geochemistry.     

三角洲前缘亚相致密砂岩储层的成岩作用与有利成岩相带:以鄂尔多斯盆地子洲气田山_2~3段砂岩为例

致密砂岩储层成岩作用复杂,成岩相分布表现出明显的差异性。以物性、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X衍射、高压压汞等测试数据为基础,对鄂尔多斯盆地东部子洲气田山32段砂岩的成岩作用和成岩相进行了研究。结果表明:岩性以石英砂岩为主,岩屑含量自西向东表现出增加趋势;残余粒间孔、溶蚀孔和晶间孔为主要孔隙类型;压实压溶作用使原生粒间孔大量损失;胶结作用对储集空间具有双重影响,但整体使物性变差;溶解作用对石英砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩的影响不同,对石英砂岩的溶蚀程度更高;综合多项成岩阶段划分指标,子洲气田山32段砂岩已进入晚成岩B期,部分指标进入C期;参考多项定性和定量参数,划分出6种成岩相,分布于水下分流河道厚砂体中的石英加大粒间孔-溶蚀孔相是最有利的成岩相带,石英加大粒间孔-晶间孔相和粘土杂基充填晶间孔-溶蚀孔相次之,成岩相的平面分布受沉积微相和碎屑组分变化影响明显。