中国大陆中强以上地震余震分布尺度的统计特征

依据1970年以来记录相对完备的MSge;5.0地震序列资料，统计研究了中国大陆余震分布尺度与序列最大地震震级M0及最大地震破裂形式之间的关系. 在95%置信概率下，考虑主震破裂形式， 分序列类型给出了余震分布尺度与M0之间的统计关系. 定性而言，余震分布尺度的对数lgR与M0正相关， 但数据分布较为离散. 分类型来看， 孤立型序列余震分布尺度与M0之间统计相关程度低， 余震分布尺度介于5~60 km之间； 主余型序列lgR与M0正相关； 多震型序列当M0le;6.2时lgR与M0之间相关性不显著，余震分布尺度介于5~70 km之间， 当M0ge;6.3时lgR与M0线性相关. 统计结果还表明， 走滑近走滑及斜滑型主震所导致序列类型比例之间没有显著差异，而倾滑近倾滑型主震（主要为逆断型破裂）所导致的主余型序列所占比例较高， 孤立型及多震型序列所占比例则相对较低. 对比研究显示， 当M0较高时，余震分布尺度主要取决于主震大小而与主震破裂形式关系不明显.      

2014年云南景谷6.6级地震序列震源参数研究

利用290个M_L ≥ 2.5的景谷6.6级地震序列事件的数字波形资料，计算得到其震源参数。结果显示，地震矩M₀数值范围为10¹²~10¹⁶ N·m；拐角频率f_c为3~16 Hz；视应力数值范围为0~15 MPa，平均值是2.14 MPa，中位数为1.39 MPa。同时，各个震源参数之间均存在一定的相关关系；景谷地震序列余震空间分布可分为北段、中段与南段，其视应力高低分布依次为：南段 > 中段 > 北段；表明主震发生后，震源区南段区域的应力水平最高，这可能是后续5.8级\，5.9级强余震均发生在南段的根本原因。在视应力时间变化特征方面，5.8级、5.9级强余震的发生前，震中所在的南段视应力数值存在"逐渐变大-维持稳定"的特点。而后续未发生强余震的北段和中段，其视应力时间变化为早期快速调整，后续逐渐变化到各自区域的视应力均值水平；这类变化表明对于震源区南段，在强余震发生前的短时间内，南段区域首先出现局部应力不断挤压增强，并随后维持相对高值应力水平的"闭锁"状态，直到强余震的发生。因而，震后震源区余震视应力的空间分布对强余震可能产生地点判定有指示作用，其时间变化特征与地震序列中较强地震的发生存在一定的相关性。余震视应力的时空变化对序列后续地震活动的判定有重要指示作用，可为强余震的时空判定提供相应参考。     

Prediction of the Earlier Strong Aftershocks in the Earthquake Sequences by the Pseudo-Periodicity Method

We propose the pseudo-periodicity method and its quantitative prediction indexes for the occurrence time of earlier strong aftershock. We conducted tests of regressive prediction, and the R-value of the tests is 0.45, indicating that this method is effective for prediction.     

用准周期（PP）方法预测地震序列中早期强余震

研究了地震序列的准周期性,提出了预测早期强余震发生时间的准周期方法及其定量预报指标,同时进行了回溯性预报检验,Ｒ值评分为０．４５。表明该方法具有一定的预报效能。     

尼泊尔Ms8.1地震构造背景及对周边地区地震活动趋势的影响

分析印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲带、尼泊尔Ms8.1地震震中区地震构造及地震发震构造,讨论主震对余震触发及余震的时空强特征和地震对周边地区地震活动趋势的影响。初步分析认为,主边界断裂为本次地震的发震构造,属于低角度逆冲断层地震;余震分布范围与震源破裂面积和方式基本一致,具有向东迁移的时空特征;西藏定日Ms5.9、聂拉木Ms5.3地震不属于尼泊尔地震余震,是应力扰动的结果;沿俯冲带向东至喜马拉雅东构造结是大震发生的危险地段。     

A new chronological framework for Middle and Upper Pleistocene landscape evolution in the Sussex/Hampshire Coastal Corridor, UK

The unique Middle and Late Pleistocene sedimentary record preserved along the Sussex/Hampshire Coastal Corridor between Romsey and Brighton contains a wealth of deposits including highstand marine sediments associated with a variety of different aged beaches, fluvial sediments associated with rivers crossing the coastal plain and cold stage deposits accumulating above the marine and fluvial sediments. Although quarrying activity has been extensive across much of the area it has been undertaken in flooded workings due to the high level of the watertable. Consequently little is known in detail about the sequences except where they outcrop on the foreshore around the coast. This paper examines recent work from the lower coastal plain using a multi-disciplinary approach these deposits to elucidate the age of the sequences and their associated environments of deposition.OSL dates from two of the beaches, the Aldingbourne and Brighton/Norton Beaches, place both within MIS 7. Although these OSL dates cannot differentiate between sub-stages within MIS 7, coupling these results with inferences from local geography, lithology and contained microfossils it is clear that the beaches belong to two different phases within MIS 7. These two beaches are clearly divided by a major phase of erosion and downcutting associated with a fall in sea-level. Fluvial sediments from Solent Terrace 2 and Arun Terrace 4 also date within MIS 7 and are tentatively ascribed to the downcutting event between the beaches. Together this information allows us to propose, for the first time, a robust independently dated framework for the lower parts of the coastal plain integrating for the first time the marine and terrestrial record.     

Geomorphological,stratigraphic and geochronological evidence of fast Pleistocene coastal uplift in the westernmost part of the Corinth Gulf Rift (Greece)

Rapid extension and active normal faulting in the western extremity of the Corinth Gulf are accompanied by fast coastal uplift. We investigate Pleistocene uplift west of Aigion, by attempting to date remains of marine terraces and sedimentary sequences by calcareous nannoplankton and U‐series analyses. Net uplift initiated recently, due to abandonment of an older rift‐bounding fault zone and increase in activity on the presently active, coastal fault zone. This change apparently coincides with an abrupt slow down (or, termination) of secondary fault block tilting within the broader hangingwall block of the older zone, indicated by an angular unconformity that dates in the early part of MIS10 (∼390–350 ka BP, preferably, in the earlier part of this period). Net uplift driven by the coastal zone resulted in the formation of MIS9c (330 ka) and younger terraces. The formation of the unconformity and the initiation of net uplift coincide temporally with a ∼300–400 ka unconformity recognized by recent studies in a wide area offshore Aigion i.e. they could be part of an evolutionary event that affected the entire western part of the Corinth Rift or, a large area therein. Uplift rate estimates at four locations are discussed with reference to the morphotectonic context of differential uplift of secondary fault blocks, and the context of possible increase in uplift rate with time. The most reliable and most useful estimate for uplift rate at the longitude of the studied transect is 1.74–1.85 mm/year (time‐averaged estimate for the last ∼240 ka, based on calcareous nannoplankton and sequence‐stratigraphic interpretation). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Three-dimensional facies architecture analysis using sequence stratigraphy and seismic sedimentology: Example from the Paleogene Dongying Formation in the BZ3-1 block of the Bozhong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China

The Bohai Bay Basin is a classic non-marine rift basin in eastern China. The Paleogene Dongying sequences are the main hydrocarbon-bearing stratigraphic unit in the basin. Using three-dimensional (3-D) seismic data and one well control in the BZ3-1 Block in the western slope of the Bozhong Sag, we analyzed 3-D facies architectures of the Dongying sequences. The Dongying Formation, a second-order sequence, can be subdivided into four third-order sequences (from base to top: SQ1, SQ2, SQ3, and SQ4). The facies architecture was analyzed by using the seismic sedimentology approach based on 3-D seismic data. Sediment of the Dongying sequences was derived from the northern Shijiutuo Uplift via four major configurations of incised valleys, namely “V”, “U”, “W”, and composite shaped incised valleys. Seismic stratal slices reveal branching and converging characteristics of the channels from upstream to downstream. On the basis of an integrated analysis of well log, core data, seismic facies based on multi-seismic attributes, three sedimentary facies (e.g., “delta”, “fan-delta”, and “shore” or “shallow lacustrine” facies) have been recognized. The four types of incised valleys and their evolution control the sedimentary systems in the sedimentation area. The numbers and sizes of the fans are controlled by the sedimentary systems at various scales. Incised valley-fill and deltaic sand bodies are excellent hydrocarbon reservoirs and potentially good exploration targets for the study area. The reservoir quality of sequences SQ1, SQ2, and SQ3 become better gradually from base to top. The proposed sediment dispersal patterns may aid in the prediction of potential reservoir distribution. This study also demonstrates that facies architecture analysis using sequence stratigraphy and seismic sedimentology may serve as an effective approach for constructing 3D facies models for petroleum exploration in areas lacking of well or outcrop data.     

Towards a climate event stratigraphy for New Zealand over the past 30 000 years (NZ‐INTIMATE project)

It is widely recognised that the acquisition of high‐resolution palaeoclimate records from southern mid‐latitude sites is essential for establishing a coherent picture of inter‐hemispheric climate change and for better understanding of the role of Antarctic climate dynamics in the global climate system. New Zealand is considered to be a sensitive monitor of climate change because it is one of a few sizeable landmasses in the Southern Hemisphere westerly circulation zone, a critical transition zone between subtropical and Antarctic influences. New Zealand has mountainous axial ranges that amplify the climate signals and, consequently, the environmental gradients are highly sensitive to subtle changes in atmospheric and oceanic conditions. Since 1995, INTIMATE has, through a series of international workshops, sought ways to improve procedures for establishing the precise ages of climate events, and to correlate them with high precision, for the last 30 000 calendar years. The NZ‐INTIMATE project commenced in late 2003, and has involved virtually the entire New Zealand palaeoclimate community. Its aim is to develop an event stratigraphy for the New Zealand region over the past 30 000 years, and to reconcile these events against the established climatostratigraphy of the last glacial cycle which has largely been developed from Northern Hemisphere records (e.g. Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Termination I, Younger Dryas). An initial outcome of NZ‐INTIMATE has been the identification of a series of well‐dated, high‐resolution onshore and offshore proxy records from a variety of latitudes and elevations on a common calendar timescale from 30 000 cal. yr BP to the present day. High‐resolution records for the last glacial coldest period (LGCP) (including the LGM sensu stricto) and last glacial–interglacial transition (LGIT) from Auckland maars, Kaipo and Otamangakau wetlands on eastern and central North Island, marine core MD97‐2121 east of southern North Island, speleothems on northwest South Island, Okarito wetland on southwestern South Island, are presented. Discontinuous (fragmentary) records comprising compilations of glacial sequences, fluvial sequences, loess accumulation, and aeolian quartz accumulation in an andesitic terrain are described. Comparisons with ice‐core records from Antarctica (EPICA Dome C) and Greenland (GISP2) are discussed. A major advantage immediately evident from these records apart from the speleothem record, is that they are linked precisely by one or more tephra layers. Based on these New Zealand terrestrial and marine records, a reasonably coherent, regionally applicable, sequence of climatically linked stratigraphic events over the past 30 000 cal. yr is emerging. Three major climate events are recognised: (1) LGCP beginning at ca. 28 000 cal. yr BP, ending at Termination I, ca. 18 000 cal. yr BP, and including a warmer and more variable phase between ca. 27 000 and 21 000 cal. yr BP, (2) LGIT between ca. 18 000 and 11 600 cal. yr BP, including a Lateglacial warm period from ca. 14 800 to 13 500 cal. yr BP and a Lateglacial climate reversal between ca. 13 500 and 11 600 cal. yr BP, and (3) Holocene interglacial conditions, with two phases of greatest warmth between ca. 11 600 and 10 800 cal. yr BP and from ca. 6 800 to 6 500 cal. yr BP. Some key boundaries coincide with volcanic tephras. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

湘中古台山金锑矿床变形序列、成矿事件及控矿构造

湘中古台山金锑矿位于雪峰构造带西南段东北部,发育SN向金矿脉和NW向金锑矿脉2类矿脉。前人提出SN向和NW向断裂为容矿构造,并获得了印支期成矿的⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar同位素年龄,但对容矿断裂的性质、形成时代以及2类矿脉的时代关系缺乏研究和认识。鉴于此,文章通过地表和井下露头构造以及矿化蚀变的观测、解析,结合区域构造特征、区域构造演化和测年资料等,厘定了古台山金锑矿区构造变形序列及其时代、不同类型矿脉的成矿时代和构造背景,探讨了构造控矿规律及动力机制。主要认识如下：(1)研究区自早至晚经历了5期主要变形事件：志留纪晚期受到NWW向挤压,形成NNE向板劈理、NNE向褶皱(水车背斜)、SN向顺层断裂、逆冲剪切破裂和断裂;中三叠世晚期受到NNW向挤压,局部形成NEE向轴面劈理;晚三叠世受到SN向挤压,形成EW向褶皱、NW向—NNW向右行走滑断裂和剪切破裂、NNE向左行走滑断裂和剪切破裂、EW向逆冲剪切破裂等;中侏罗世晚期受到NWW向挤压,形成EW向右行剪切破裂和断裂;古近纪中晚期受到NE向—NNE向挤压,形成SN向—NNE向右行剪切破裂和断裂、EW向—N...