青藏高原东北缘大陆岩石圈现今变形和位移

川青地块在地貌上为川西高原，亦是青藏高原东北边缘最重要的构造单元。新的GPS监测资料表明，在欧亚框架内，川青地块及其邻近的龙门山带和华南地块西缘的地壳运动水平速度，具有自西向东由25．66mm／a递变下降到6．99mm／a的总趋势。速度矢量表现出顺时针涡旋转动。川青地块内具有局部应变积累的非均一的区域剪切。横切鲜水河断裂带中段新的GPS量结果揭示，两侧地块间的平均左旋滑动速率约8mm／a；由于局部应变积累，断裂系南西侧的主断裂的移动速率为9．3mm／a，其间为拉分盆地和小的横向伸展断裂。鲜水河断裂系的左旋断裂滑动作用，调节了川青地块与／11滇地块之间的相对运动。     

黑龙江东北部汤原断陷断块体运动特征及其对油气成藏的控制作用

应用构造运动学理论,以地质、地球物理和钻井资料为基础,对汤原断陷基底和各断块体的运动特征进行研究,证实断陷内第Ⅳ块体的基底伸展量最大,第Ⅴ块体的基底伸展量最小;通过对15个块体的实例计算总结出不同构造、不同时期断块体的翘倾运动程度存在很大差异;汤原断陷构造运动控制了油气藏类型.伸展运动和压扭性挤压运动形成构造油气藏,伸展运动早、中期在向斜部位形成岩性油气藏,断块体翘倾运动和抬升剥蚀作用形成地层油气藏.     

青藏铁路唐古拉山-拉萨段全新世控震断裂研究

地表调查表明,沿青藏铁路唐古拉山-拉萨段存在5条重要的全新世控震断裂带,从北到南分别是温泉盆地西缘断裂带、安多盆地北缘断裂带、崩错断裂带、谷露西缘断裂带和当雄-羊八井断裂带.构造-地貌和年代学分析结果表明,北部的温泉盆地西缘断裂和安多盆地北缘断裂带的活动强度相对比较小,平均垂直活动速率约为0.2～0.5mm/a.南侧的谷露西缘断裂带和当雄-羊八井断裂带的全新世垂直活动速率为约(15±0.5)mm/a.而中部的崩错走滑断裂带的活动强度最大,晚第四纪期间的走滑速率可达(11±4.5)mm/a.全新世断裂活动和古地震研究表明,其中温泉盆地西缘断裂带、安多盆地北缘断裂带、崩错断裂带的西北分支、当雄-羊八井断裂带的当雄段等区域未来发生强震的概率相对更大.     

青藏高原东北缘大陆岩石圈现今变形和位移

川青地块在地貌上为川西高原,亦是青藏高原东北边缘最重要的构造单元。新的GPS监测资料表明,在欧亚框架内,川青地块及其邻近的龙门山带和华南地块西缘的地壳运动水平速度,具有自西向东由25.66mm/a递变下降到6.99mm/a的总趋势。速度矢量表现出顺时针涡旋转动。川青地块内具有局部应变积累的非均一的区域剪切。横切鲜水河断裂带中段新的GPS测量结果揭示,两侧地块间的平均左旋滑动速率约8mm/a;由于局部应变积累,断裂系南西侧的主断裂的移动速率为9.3mm/a,其间为拉分盆地和小的横向伸展断裂。鲜水河断裂系的左旋断裂滑动作用,调节了川青地块与川滇地块之间的相对运动。     

广西桂林庙头上泥盆统融县组中的灰岩脉和角砾灰岩体及其成因

广西桂林庙头上泥盆统融县组台地边缘相具鸟眼或溶孔砂屑生屑藻粘结灰岩中发育了大量灰岩脉，灰岩脉呈岩墙状近直立地切过围岩，露头上可见连续垂直延伸长度达十余米，脉内仍是上泥盆统融县组灰岩组分，仅比围岩稍晚或同时代的：角砾状退白云石化藻粘结灰岩、角砾状藻粘结灰岩（快速堆积，角砾多数来自围岩）、细鲕粒颗粒灰岩、含钙球砂屑粒泥灰岩、藻砂屑腹足泥粒灰岩（正常沉积或液化变形软沉积流，均高于围岩层位）及大量栉壳状方解石脉（张性环境）等，灰岩脉内可见软沉积物变形痕迹及液化脉（地震液化），晚期灰岩脉可穿插早期灰岩脉；在其西侧同层位共生有一套楔状（地裂缝）、不规则状角砾灰岩体，角砾棱角状，大小不等，成分是灰色中厚层角砾状藻粘结灰岩、含钙球砂屑粒泥灰岩等。笔者等注意到灰岩脉均出露在北东向正断层的下盘（东侧），而角砾灰岩体则均出露在该断层的上盘（西侧），事实上，灰岩脉及角砾灰岩体分布走向与北东向断层走向一致，角砾灰岩体中的角砾成分显示其来自较灰岩脉围岩稍高层位，与灰岩脉内充填岩性相近，因此，是该断层控制了当时的沉积，此断层是晚泥盆世台地边缘同沉积正断层；灰岩脉是与断层伴生的张性裂隙被围岩角砾或稍晚时段的沉积物充填；角砾灰岩体是同沉积正断层形成的断层崖崩落角砾岩，指示一个消失殆尽的晚泥盆世碳酸盐岩同沉积正断层陡崖，因而，桂林台地，至少西段台地边缘，是与右江各孤立台地边缘一样——在地质图上应标示为同沉积正断层边界。其构造意义是：庙头地区的灰岩脉、角砾灰岩体及同沉积断层是桂林台地对晚泥盆世构造伸展作用的响应，从而说明广西晚古生代的板块拉张，不是从二叠纪才开始的，而是至少从晚泥盆世就开始了；晚古生代至早三叠世持续的孤立台地与深水盆地相间的古地理格局，是在晚泥盆世就奠定了基础。     

青藏高原东缘龙门-锦屏造山带的崛起——大型拆离断层和挤出机制

龙门-锦屏山的东缘发育一系列逆冲断裂和飞来峰构造,逆冲作用使山体向东叠置在四川盆地之上。新的野外调查、显微构造分析和糜棱岩石英组构的EBSD测量表明,在龙门-锦屏山的前震旦纪变质杂岩体西缘(即青藏高原东缘)发育一条近NS向的大型韧性拆离断裂,被20Ma以来形成的NW—SE向鲜水河韧性走滑剪切带[1]左行错位80km。青藏高原东缘韧性拆离断裂中黑云母40Ar-39Ar测年获得112～120Ma的年龄,表明龙门-锦屏山的崛起可能与白垩纪开始的垂向挤出机制密切关联。结合四川前陆盆地的沉积及演化特征,认为晚三叠世时期羌塘/东昆仑/扬子陆块的碰撞形成松潘-甘孜造山带,晚三叠世—侏罗纪在其东南缘形成四川前陆盆地沉积;早白垩世龙门-锦屏山开始抬升,晚白垩世快速崛起,在四川前陆盆地沉积之上叠置白垩纪—第四纪再生前陆盆地的沉积。龙门-锦屏山的崛起与白垩纪以来扬子板块岩石圈对于松潘-甘孜地体的陆内俯冲作用有关,使位于中下地壳的变质基底岩石在挤出机制下隆起。     

Bulk-rock geochemistry and plagioclase zoning in lavas exposed along the northern flank of the Western Blanco Depression (Northeast Pacific): Insight into open-system magma chamber processes

The present study is based on a set of lavas and crosscutting dikes collected by dives along detailed vertical transects on the northern flank of the western part of the Blanco Transform Fault, Northeast Pacific. The studied area consists of a small basin, the Western Blanco Depression (WBD), extending from the southern end of the Juan de Fuca ridge to a pseudofault trace 60 km eastward. The Northern Scarp of the WBD comprises a volcanic unit overlying a sheeted-dike complex. Major and trace element data, coupled with Sr–Nd isotope ratios, reveal a two-component mantle source, composed by an isotopically depleted matrix variably veined by more enriched material. One chemical group (NS2), indistinguishable from the other Northern Scarp samples on the basis of trace element data, has an unusually depleted isotopic composition typical of a nearly pure mantle end-member. Some cogenetic samples of the Northern Scarp have been used to constrain the differentiation modalities. Anorthite and MgO content profiles in plagioclase xenocrysts and phenocrysts reveal (i) the existence of H₂O-bearing evolved melts in the mushy zones and (ii) the occurrence of mixing process between these melts and anhydrous mafic liquids. The hydration is supported by other petrographic features such as high magmatic fO₂ values, calculated from Fe–Ti oxide pairs, and the presence of pyroxene inclusions in plagioclase phenocrysts. Mixing, consistent with the existence of Ni-rich ferrobasalts, is interpreted to be the consequence of the reservoir refilling by mafic liquids (Mg# = 70). These petrological and geochemical evidences are combined with the evolution of Mg# with depth to suggest a periodic open-system magma chamber evolution beneath the southern end of the Juan de Fuca ridge.     

青海麦秀山滑坡形成机理分析

文章从地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、水文气象条件等方面,对青海麦秀山滑坡的产生机理进行分析,重点阐明地质构造对地质灾害的控制作用。3个滑坡形成的基本机理:滑坡均在断层带,所处地层岩体均因受构造作用,节理裂隙发育,岩体多呈破碎状,风化强烈,表层泥质砂砾岩已全风化成土状,加之岩体破碎,裂隙发育,地表水、地下水补给充分,加速了岩石的风化、泥化,长期在丰富饱和的地下水的浸泡下形成可塑、软塑泥状物,其滑动带主要依附于硬塑-软塑的过渡层,滑床为较硬的砂砾岩。由此建议,对修建山区公路时所遇到的舒缓坡地,应慎重判识是否存在滑坡灾害,并采用合理的绕避或工程措施,将地质灾害在公路建设中产生的损失及不良影响降到最低点。     

甘肃G212线石阏子滑坡特征与演化机制

通过区域地质调查、大比例尺平面图测绘、滑坡微地貌和变形破坏特征测量、地球物理勘探等手段,对国道212线石阏子滑坡特征和形成演化机制进行了系统研究。研究成果表明,它并非是在洪积扇或泥石流基础上发育的滑坡,而是在区域性断裂带基础上,多次滑动形成的"立交桥"式特大型滑坡。研究结果为G212线石阏子滑坡稳定性评价和治理,以及为拟建的兰州-重庆-海口高速公路和兰渝铁路的选线和设计提供理论指导。     

Geological analysis and FT dating of the large-scale right-lateral strike-slip movement of the Red River fault zone

Tectonically, the large-scale right-lateral strike-slip movement along the Red River fault zone is char-acterized at its late phase with the southeastward extension and deformation of the Northwestern Yunnan normal fault depression on its northern segment, and the dextral shear displacement on its central-southern segment. Research of the relations between stratum deformation and fault movement on the typical fault segments, such as Jianchuan, southeast Midu, Yuanjiang River, Yuanyang, etc. since the Miocene Epoch shows that there are two times dextral faulting dominated by normal shearing occurring along the Red River fault zone since the Miocene Epoch. The fission track dating (abbrevi-ated to FT dating, the same below) is conducted on apatite samples collected from the above fault segments and relating to these movements. Based on the measured single grain’s age and the con-fined track length, we choose the Laslet annealing model to retrieve the thermal history of the samples, and the results show that the fault zone experienced two times obvious shear displacement, one in 5.5 ± 1.5 MaBP and the other in 2.1± 0.8 MaBP. The central-southern segment sees two intensive uplifts of mountain mass in the Yuanjiang River-Yuanyang region at 3.6―3.8 MaBP and 1.6―2.3 MaBP, which correspond to the above-mentioned two dextral normal displacement events since the late Miocene Epoch.