重庆喀斯特山地典型表层岩溶泉水化学分析

表层岩溶泉是储存于表层岩溶带的地下水,为近地面的表层地下水系统,它的普遍分布是西南岩溶峰丛区居民聚集和繁衍的重要条件。本文选取重庆市南川区典型的岩溶峰丛区6个较有代表性的表层岩溶常流泉点,分析表层岩溶泉水化学特征。研究发现：①6个泉点泉水化学类型以HCO3.SO4-Ca型为主,其次为HCO3.SO4-Ca.Mg型,个别为HCO3-Ca型;②常规水化学指标中,受人类活动的影响,各泉点泉水HCO3-含量较高,SO42-和NO3-含量偏高。③各泉点微量金属元素除As和Ba未达地下水质量标准GB/T 14848-1993Ⅰ类水体标准,其余测试指标均符合Ⅰ类水体标准。     

约束稀疏脉冲波阻抗反演在精细油藏描述中的应用

综合研究区地质、地震、测井、录井等各类信息,从测井约束稀疏脉冲波阻抗的反演技术的基本原理出发,探讨反演过程中测井资料的标准化处理、地震子波的提取、时深关系的转化,以及初始波阻抗模型的建立等主要的技术环节。综合分析了研究区双阳组二段重点圈闭区块砂体的发育和分布情况,并探讨在同一构造圈闭上不同井位失利的原因,为精细的油气储层研究提供了可靠的信息。     

基于测井资料的储层流动单元划分——以尕斯库勒油田为例

依据尕斯库勒油田实际资料,分析了粒度中值、泥质体积分数、灰质体积分数、孔隙度与渗透率以及与测井曲线之间的关系,建立了一套直接利用测井资料进行储层流动单元划分的技术方法,实现了流动单元纵向上的连续自动划分.采用聚类分析方法,把储层划分为E、G、M和P 4类,平面上流动单元的分布主要受沉积微相控制,E、G类流动单元主要沿水下分流河道的主流线分布,G类流动单元主要分布在河口砂坝和河道侧缘,M类流动单元分布在席状砂部位,P类流动单元零星分布在砂体尖灭的边缘部位.     

Groupers on the Edge: Shelf Edge Spawning Habitat in and Around Marine Reserves of the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico

The northeastern Gulf of Mexico contains some of the most diverse and productive marine habitat in the United States. Much of this habitat, located on the shelf edge in depths of 50 to 120 m, supports spawning for many economically important species, including groupers. Here, we couple acoustic surveys with georeferenced videography to describe the primary spatial and geologic features of spawning aggregation sites for four economically important species: gag (Mycteroperca microlepis), scamp (M. phenax), red grouper (Epinephelus morio), and red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus), with notes on fish distribution and abundance and spawning activities. We provide information on movement patterns of reef fish determined using acoustic telemetry. Finally, we discuss the possible coupling of geomorphology with hydrographic features to influence the overall productivity of the region and the importance of spatial fishery management in sustaining that productivity.     

Evaluation of the saltation process of bed materials by video imaging under altered bed roughness

The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of particle saltation and movement over the beds of fixed roughness from flume experiments. A series of experiments are carried out to study the saltation of individual sand particles of different sizes over rough beds under different flow conditions. A 3‐D acoustic Doppler velocimeter is used to record the fluid velocity components; subsequently, under different flow conditions, the images of released sand particles are recorded using high‐speed video imaging technique. Systematic analysis is made with regard to the forces acting on the grains and the variation of their magnitudes along the saltation trajectories of the grains. Relations between the saltation parameters, flow intensity and bed roughness are developed. The distributions of the angle of orientations during a single saltation follows almost a Gaussian distribution. The shape of the Gaussian distribution depends on the particle size and bed roughness. Particle collisions with rough beds and the resulting coefficients of restitution are also discussed. A theoretical framework is developed to compute the mean particle velocity considering the spin in the energy balance equation. Results of the detailed analysis using the imaging technique are much better than in previously reported studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

志丹地区长9储集层物性特征研究

长9储集层属于鄂尔多斯盆地延长组湖泊发育早期,油源关系复杂,前期的沉积作用和后期的成岩作用共同塑造了储层低孔低渗的特征。储层的物性是连结岩性和含油性之间的重要环节,加大对低孔低渗储层物性的分析,有利于储层其他方面特征的研究。在对储层孔隙度和渗透率作深入分析的基础上,使用反映储层孔隙度比较灵敏的声波时差测井曲线,来研究其物性特征。通过建立米产液量和声波时差的对应关系,确定声波时差下限,再根据声波时差和储层物性之间的关系式,最终确定储层孔隙度和渗透率下限,为储层含油性特征、有利区优选等方面的研究提供依据。     

影响声波全波列测井速度分析的因素剖析

[摘 要] 目前,速度分析是声波全波列测井提取纵、横波速度的必要流程。本文介绍了井场中的声 波波形成分,提出了一种相似相关速度分析算法,并在其基础上深入研究了影响速度分析结果的关键因 素,如带通滤波,窗口宽度,总叠加时间,以及低速地层等等。通过讨论分析,给出了这些处理参数在速 度分析中的取值,它对精确提取岩石纵、横波速度有着重要的指导意义。     

Consag Basin: northern Gulf of California,evidence of generation of new crust,based on seismic reflection data

The Gulf of California is an excellent example of how new ocean basins form. Tectonically, the northern Gulf of California is an incipient ocean basin and studies on it have defined acoustic basement and reveal the presence of new oceanic crust and intrusive bodies. Some recent studies report fundamental differences between the basins of the northern and southern Gulf of California: that the latter have well-developed oceanic crust beneath a thin cover of sediments, whereas the northern basins show proto-ocean basins, which may reflect thermal insulation of the thick sedimentary cover, the presence of low-angle faults, and more diffuse and distributed deformation. During the 1970s, Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX) undertook a 2D seismic reflection survey in the northern Gulf of California, over many active rift basins, including the Consag Basin. Through the processing and interpretation of these data, we describe the structural characteristics of the Consag Basin beyond 2 km depths. Using seismic reflection data, we identified an intrusion in the central part of this basin that may represent new oceanic crust buried by more than 4 km of sediments.     

库车坳陷中部构造分层差异变形特征和构造演化

基于地表露头调查、地震资料解释、钻井及与盐相关的构造样式分析,对库车坳陷中部构造变形特征进行研究。结果表明:库车坳陷中部具有南北分带、东西分段、垂向分层的变形特征。以库姆格列木群膏盐岩为界可以分为盐上构造层、盐构造层、盐下构造层及基底构造层4层结构。该区域主要发育收缩构造样式及盐构造样式,盐上构造层、盐构造层及盐下构造层的构造样式及分布具有明显差异。盐上层主要发育逆冲断层及褶皱,盐岩层则以盐流动构造样式为主,盐下层则发育逆冲叠瓦断层等大规模推覆构造。研究区具有明显的分段变形特征,可划分为博孜—却勒构造段、大北—西秋构造段、克深—西秋构造段、克拉3—东秋构造段,其差异性主要表现为地表线性褶皱带分布、盐构造样式、盐下构造变形的差异。区域构造演化剖面研究表明库车坳陷主要经历了中生代伸展坳陷盆地(三叠纪—白垩纪)、新生代早期"挠曲"盆地(古近纪—中新世)及新生代晚期前陆盆地(上新世—第四纪)的演化过程。现今构造主要形成于库车组沉积的中晚期。