珠江三角洲近期水沙分配的变化及其影响与对策

近20多年，珠江三角洲西江与北江的水沙分配发生了重大变化，相当于增多了一条北江的水量和沙量向东输送，导致珠江三角洲腹心地区洪峰水位异常壅高，河道由淤转冲，口门水域面积缩小，滩涂面积扩展，伶仃洋尤其是西岸的淤积加速，对港口和航道有较大影响。     

CT诊断纵隔脂肪沉积症

纵隔脂肪沉积症临床少见,多无症状,易误为纵隔肿瘤或心脏疾患,ＣＴ检查可确诊此症。经Ｘ线或Ｂ超检查的３例纵隔增宽的患者,ＣＴ扫描排除纵隔肿瘤。３例经ＣＴ扫描证实纵隔血管周围广泛脂肪沉积,密度均匀,边缘清楚,不造成气管,食管移位。ＣＴ检查可确诊纵隔脂肪沉积症。     

库车坳陷地质结构及油气带预测

利用油气地震勘探成果和露头的岩性资料 ,对库车坳陷地震层序进行划分 ,初步认为第三系膏盐层和三叠 -侏罗系煤层及泥岩是分布比较稳定的区域性软弱层 ,构成了区域内的主要滑脱面。将库车坳陷划分 6个构造带 ,对库车坳陷的构造样式进行归纳总结 ,并结合典型实例 ,采用平衡地质剖面技术对重要剖面进行地质平衡解译 ,使库车坳陷地质结构更加清晰。结合该区油气成藏的地质条件 ,划分出若干油气聚集带 ,对各油气聚集带进行分别评价     

A quantitative approach to deep-water sedimentation in the South China Sea: Changes since the last glaciation

The first attempt is made to evaluate quantitatively the changes of accumulation rates in the South China Sea during the last glaciation and Holocene, based on the data of 72 sediment cores taken from six areas deeper than 100 m. As shown from the calculations, the accumulation rate during the last glaciation is much higher than that during the Holocene. The southern and northern continental slopes are distinguished from other areas by the highest accumulation rates, with different features of sedimentation for aifferent stages: The Glacial-Holocene contrast in accumulation rate of terrigenous material is more distinct in the southern slope, while the contrast in biogenic sedimentation rate is more remarkable in the northern slope. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49576268).     

鄂西利川复向斜南部储层矿物包体与油气生盖运聚关系

应用相邻生油层生油条件的好坏和“恢复有机碳全岩热模拟法”计算生烃量与储层包体对比,发现利川复向斜南部石炭系－三叠系储层包体的有机包体富集程度可定性反映生油层的优劣,生油层好者有机包体丰富,反之则差。同样,利用相邻储层有机包体的多寡,结合生油条件的好坏,在一定程度上也可判别相应盖层条件挂否。包体均一温度经压力校正后,可明显看出各储层油气的运移都发生在印支运动后的侏罗纪;油气的初次聚集,各储层并不完全     

走滑拉分断块对沉积的控制作用——准噶尔盆地东部侏罗系中下统沉积主控因素新认识

通过在南缘露头剖面相构型识别,北部地震剖面解释的沉积体侧向迁移特征,建立了走滑拉分构筑的可容空间变化型式。此沉积对构造的响应模式,不仅可以很好的解释拼合砂体的分布,古流向偏转等问题,而且对于预测盆内沉积体走向也是一个很有用的工具。     

城市污泥接种堆置处理对重金属的形态及其生物有效性的影响

污泥堆肥化后的土地利用是污泥处理处置的重要方法之一。经过对荆马河底泥接种堆置处理,揭示出污泥中重金属的形态发生明显的变化。荆马河底泥中的重金属污染物主要以结合态和残渣态的形式存在,水溶态和交换态的量很小,经接种堆置处理后,水溶态和交换态量大幅削减,结合态和残渣态量有所增加,总量变化不大,生物学方法和化学方法测定都表明,处理后的底泥生物毒性有明显降低,重金属的生物有效性降低。     

西湖凹陷西次凹古近系花港组—平湖组深层油气成藏过程

西湖凹陷西次凹古近系花港组和平湖组深层油气资源丰富，是东海陆架盆地勘探开发新领域，受储层差异致密化影响，油气成藏机理复杂。为了厘清西次凹深层油气成藏过程，本文通过流体包裹体岩相学特征、显微测温、激光拉曼光谱、包裹体所含油气地球化学等实验分析，结合构造演化、地层埋藏史、热史等，开展了系统的储层特征、油气成藏期次、成藏过程研究。结果表明，花港组深层（>4000 m）和平湖组储层均已致密化，溶蚀孔隙是主要的储集孔隙类型；花港组和平湖组均发育两期油气包裹体，早期含油包裹体较多，晚期以天然气包裹体为主，成藏时间分别为龙井运动期和冲绳运动期，以晚期天然气成藏最为关键。包裹体中油气地球化学特征类似，反映生烃母质以高等植物生源为主，低等生物为辅，与平湖组煤系烃源岩特征一致。冲绳运动叠加平湖组生气增压是晚期天然气成藏的主要动力，此时H10段及以上储层未致密化。根据储层致密化与成藏时序匹配关系可将西次凹M构造深层油气藏类型划分为常规型、先成藏后致密型、先致密后成藏型和边成藏边致密型4种。本文成果可为研究区下一步致密砂岩气的勘探开发部署提供重要的理论依据。     

Snow accumulation distribution inferred from time‐lapse photography and simple modelling

The spatial and temporal distribution of snow accumulation is complex and significantly influences the hydrological characteristics of mountain catchments. Many snow redistribution processes, such as avalanching, slushflow or wind drift, are controlled by topography, but their modelling remains challenging. In situ measurements of snow accumulation are laborious and generally have a coarse spatial or temporal resolution. In this respect, time‐lapse photography shows itself as a powerful tool for collecting information at relatively low cost and without the need for direct field access. In this paper, the snow accumulation distribution of an Alpine catchment is inferred by adjusting a simple snow accumulation model combined with a temperature index melt model to match the modelled melt‐out pattern evolution to the pattern monitored during an ablation season through terrestrial oblique photography. The comparison of the resulting end‐of‐winter snow water equivalent distribution with direct measurements shows that the achieved accuracy is comparable with that obtained with an inverse distance interpolation of the point measurements. On average over the ablation season, the observed melt‐out pattern can be reproduced correctly in 93% of the area visible from the fixed camera. The relations between inferred snow accumulation distribution and topographic variables indicate large scatter. However, a significant correlation with local slope is found and terrain curvature is detected as a factor limiting the maximal snow accumulation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new approximation for pore pressure accumulation in marine sediment due to water waves

The residual mechanism of wave‐induced pore water pressure accumulation in marine sediments is re‐examined. An analytical approximation is derived using a linear relation for pore pressure generation in cyclic loading, and mistakes in previous solutions (Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 2001; 25 :885–907; J. Offshore Mech. Arctic Eng. (ASME) 1989; 111 (1):1–11) are corrected. A numerical scheme is then employed to solve the case with a non‐linear relation for pore pressure generation. Both analytical and numerical solutions are verified with experimental data (Laboratory and field investigation of wave– sediment interaction. Joseph H. Defrees Hydraulics Laboratory, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 1983), and provide a better prediction of pore pressure accumulation than the previous solution (J. Offshore Mech. Arctic Eng. (ASME) 1989; 111 (1):1–11). The parametric study concludes that the pore pressure accumulation and use of full non‐linear relation of pore pressure become more important under the following conditions: (1) large wave amplitude, (2) longer wave period, (3) shallow water, (4) shallow soil and (5) softer soils with a low consolidation coefficient. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.